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Brown KA, Gugger MK, Roberts DS, Moreno D, Chae PS, Ge Y, Jin S. Synthesis, Self-Assembly Properties, and Degradation Characterization of a Nonionic Photocleavable Azo-Sulfide Surfactant Family. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:1465-1473. [PMID: 36638323 PMCID: PMC10164600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of a new family of maltose-derived nonionic surfactants that contain a photocleavable azo-sulfide linker (mAzo). The self-assembly properties of these surfactants were investigated using surface tension measurements to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC), dynamic light scattering (DLS) to reveal the hydrodynamic radius of their self-assemblies, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to elucidate the micelle morphology. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-visible) spectroscopy confirmed the rapid photodegradation of these surfactants, but surface tension measurements of the surfactant solutions before and after degradation showed unusual degradation products. The photodegradation process was further studied using online liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS),which revealed that these surfactants can form another photo-stable surfactant post-degradation. Finally, traditionally challenging proteins from heart tissue were solubilized using the mAzo surfactants to demonstrate their potential in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Morgan K. Gugger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - David S. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - David Moreno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, South Korea
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
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Aikawa S, Shrestha RG, Ohmori T, Fukukita Y, Tezuka Y, Endo T, Torigoe K, Tsuchiya K, Sakamoto K, Sakai K, Abe M, Sakai H. Photorheological response of aqueous wormlike micelles with photocleavable surfactant. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:5668-76. [PMID: 23574008 DOI: 10.1021/la4001939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have reported a new cinnamic acid-type photocleavable surfactant, C4-C-N-PEG9 that experiences a photocleavage through UV-induced cyclization in aqueous solution, yielding a coumarin derivative (7-butoxy-2H-chromen-2-one) and an aminated polyoxyethylene compound. Here, we have studied the effects of C4-C-N-PEG9 on the photorheological behavior of viscoelastic wormlike micelles formed by aqueous mixture of nonionic surfactants, polyoxyethylene phytosterol ether (PhyEO20) and tetraoxyethylene dodecyl ether (C12EO4). The 4.9 wt % PhyEO20/H2O + 2.4 wt % C12EO4 solution forms wormlike micelles, and its viscosity is ~10 Pa·s. We have found that the addition of C4-C-N-PEG9 into this viscous, non-Newtonian fluid system decreases the viscosity. Viscosity decreased in parallel to the C4-C-N-PEG9 concentration reaching ~0.003 Pa·s at 2.5 wt % of C4-C-N-PEG9. However, viscosity of the C4-C-N-PEG9 incorporated system increased significantly (~200 times at 1.5 wt % of C4-C-N-PEG9 system) upon UV irradiation. Small-Angle X-ray scattering studies have shown that addition of C4-C-N-PEG9 favors wormlike-to-sphere type transition in the micellar structure. However, UV irradiation in the C4-C-N-PEG9 incorporated system causes one-dimensional micellar growth. Since C4-C-N-PEG9 has relatively bigger headgroup size compared to the C12EO4, addition of C4-C-N-PEG9 into wormlike micelles reduces the critical packing parameter resulting in the formation of spherical aggregates. UV irradiation induced one-dimensional micellar growth is caused due to photocleavage of the C4-C-N-PEG9 into a less surface-active coumarin derivative and an aminated polyoxyethylene compound, as confirmed by UV-vis spectrometry and HPLC measurements. The hydrophobic coumarin derivative formed after cleavage of C4-C-N-PEG9 goes to the micellar core and is responsible for decreasing the viscosity. However, the hydrophilic aminated polyoxyethylene prefers to reside at the vicinity of headgroup of PhyEO20 reducing the interhead repulsion, increasing the critical packing parameter and the viscosity as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Aikawa
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Sakai H, Aikawa S, Matsuda W, Ohmori T, Fukukita Y, Tezuka Y, Matsumura A, Torigoe K, Tsuchiya K, Arimitsu K, Sakamoto K, Sakai K, Abe M. A cinnamic acid-type photo-cleavable surfactant. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 376:160-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Variations on a theme: Changes to electrophoretic separations that can make a difference. J Proteomics 2010; 73:1562-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Norris JL, Hangauer MJ, Porter NA, Caprioli RM. Nonacid cleavable detergents applied to MALDI mass spectrometry profiling of whole cells. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:1319-26. [PMID: 16220468 DOI: 10.1002/jms.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Although cleavable detergents were first synthesized a number of years ago, they have only recently been successfully applied to problems involving biological molecules. Recent reports have demonstrated that these compounds are useful for applications involving both 2D PAGE and mass spectrometry. However, most cleavable surfactants have utilized acid-labile functional groups to affect cleavage. In applications where extreme pH is required, acid cleavable detergents have limited usefulness. We report the synthesis of fluoride cleavable silane compounds and photolabile cinnamate esters as cleavable detergents having alternative cleavage chemistries than previously reported cleavable detergents. These compounds were applied to whole cell analysis using MALDI mass spectrometry, and it was demonstrated that their use results in an increase in the number of proteins analyzed by increasing protein solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Norris
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-8575, USA
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McElhanon JR, Zifer T, Kline SR, Wheeler DR, Loy DA, Jamison GM, Long TM, Rahimian K, Simmons BA. Thermally cleavable surfactants based on furan-maleimide Diels-Alder adducts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:3259-3266. [PMID: 15807562 DOI: 10.1021/la047074z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two new surfactant molecules are reported that contain thermally labile Diels-Alder adducts connecting the hydrophilic and hydrophobic sections of each molecule. The two surfactants possess identical hydrophobic dodecyl tail segments but have phenol and carboxylic acid hydrophilic headgroups, respectively. Deprotonation with potassium hydroxide affords the formation of water-soluble surfactants. Room temperature aqueous solutions of both surfactants exhibit classical surface-active agent behavior similar to common analagous alkylaryl surfactant molecules. Critical micelle concentrations have been determined for each surfactant through dynamic surface tension and dye solubilization techniques. Small-angle neutron scattering measurements of the aqueous surfactant solutions indicate the presence of spherical micelles with radii of 16.5 angstroms for the carboxylate and 18.8 angstroms for the phenolate. When these surfactants are exposed to elevated temperatures (>50 degrees C), the retro Diels-Alder reaction occurs, yielding hydrophilic and hydrophobic fragments. Aqueous solutions of each surfactant subsequently exhibit a loss of all surface-active behavior and the micellar aggregates are no longer detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R McElhanon
- Materials Chemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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Norris JL, Porter NA, Caprioli RM. Mass spectrometry of intracellular and membrane proteins using cleavable detergents. Anal Chem 2004; 75:6642-7. [PMID: 14640740 DOI: 10.1021/ac034802z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Detergents have been used to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic biomolecules for decades. Despite the widespread use of detergents in biochemistry, the presence of these molecules often complicates further analysis by mass spectrometry. This study presents a solution to this problem by outlining a method utilizing a novel cleavable detergent, 3-[3-(1,1-bisalkyloxyethyl)pyridin-1-yl]propane-1-sulfonate (PPS). This detergent can be used to extract protein contained within the interior of the cell by disrupting cell membranes. Once the proteins are free from the cell, PPS also assists in protein solubilization by shielding the hydrophobic regions of the newly extracted protein from unfavorable interactions with water. The added advantage of PPS over conventional detergents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate or n-octylglucoside is that the detergent properties that interfere with MALDI mass spectrometry can be eliminated prior to analysis. PPS was found to improve sensitivity in MALDI analyses of both soluble proteins and membrane proteins without degrading spectral quality. The virtues of this strategy were applied to whole cell extracts. Analysis of these extracts resulted in an overall increase in both the number of peaks observed and overall signal intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Norris
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Medical Research Building 3, Room 9160, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8575, USA
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Chen CM, Chang CH, Yang YM, Maa JR. Comparisons of the effects of pH on the interfacial tension-lowering activity of surfactants Triton X-100 and Triton SP-190. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(00)00635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chen CM, Chang CH. Surfactant Concentration-Dependent Effects of pH on the Interfacial Properties of a Splittable Surfactant. Ind Eng Chem Res 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ie000261h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101, Republic of China
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Synthesis and characterization of cleavable surfactants derived from poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02517984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wang GW, Yuan XY, Liu YC, Lei XG. Preparation and properties of sulfonate salt-type cleavable surfactants with a 1,3-dioxane ring. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02541429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nuyken O, Meindl K, Wokaun A, Mezger T. Photolabile surfactants based on the diazosulfonate group I. 4-n-Alkylbenzenediazosulfonates. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(93)03771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Weth F, Schroeder T, Buxtorf UP. Determination of lysozyme content in eggs and egg products using SDS-gel electrophoresis. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR LEBENSMITTEL-UNTERSUCHUNG UND -FORSCHUNG 1988; 187:541-5. [PMID: 3223094 DOI: 10.1007/bf01042386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lysozyme can be separated commercially from other egg components and is used as a natural, antibiotically active protein. A method for the detection of de-lysozymed egg products using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is described. The method can also be used for lysozyme quantification. Lysozyme concentrations in egg products are tentatively assigned to three classes, based on the lysozyme contents found in intact eggs. The results obtained from a series of egg products on the market allow two groups to be distinguished. The first group has values for average lysozyme content, standard deviation and total protein content very close to the values found for intact eggs, and the second group clearly shows a lower lysozyme content but a total protein content comparable with intact eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Weth
- Kantonales Laboratorium Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
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Hayashi Y, Shirai F, Shimizu T, Nagano Y, Teramura K. Synthesis and properties of 2-alkoxy-N, N-Dimethylethylamine N-oxides. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02542332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Martin CA, Golich TG, Jaeger DA. Design of microemulsions based on “destructible” surfactants for use in organic synthesis. J Colloid Interface Sci 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(84)90144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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