Computer modelling studies of the distribution of photochemical ozone production between different hydrocarbons

Automated gas chromatography with cryogenic/sorbent trap for the measurement of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere

An automated gas chromatographic system was constructed to easily adapt either the cryogenic trap or chemical sorbent trap for preconcentrating ambient levels of volatile organic compounds. Remarkable similarity in chromatograms from C3 to C10 was found between these two enrichment methods, except that the sorbent trap did not quantitatively trap the C2-hydrocarbons. In contrast to cryogenic trapping, the chromatographic conditions for more volatile compounds were substantially improved using the sorbent trap. Water interference on the porous-layer open tubular column was also better managed using the sorbent trap for the continuous analysis of humid room air. The similarity in peak profiles between the GC-flame ionization detection (FID) and a commercial GC-MS system, regardless of concentration levels, facilitated compound identification on the FID chromatograms based on a field mission involving analysis of 106 air samples.

The interpretation of measurements of surface exchange of nitrogen oxides: correction for chemical reactions

The interpretation of measurements of the land-atmosphere exchange of NO and NO 2 is complicated by the interference of chemical reactions in air. In the absence of measurements to test correction procedures a one-dimensional surface layer model was constructed to generate concentrations and fluxes of relevant trace gases in the surface layer to simulate measurement data. The model contains a detailed description of surface exchange processes and a comprehensive submodel describing relevant reactions in air including hydrocarbons. To provide realistic conditions in the simulation runs important parameters and boundary conditions to drive the model were obtained from a large field experiment. The results of calculations with the model were used to test and compare several existing and new procedures to correct flux measurements. In testing the model important parameters such as air concentrations and surface fluxes were varied over an order of magnitude in order to compare the procedures in a broad range of conditions. The calculations showed that the true surface flux of NO and NO 2 may differ from the uncorrected flux by, on average, 20% during the day to 40% at night. Correction procedures from the literature yielded incorrect results with differences as large as 100% between the modelled and true surface fluxes because basic assumptions were not valid. A new, simple, correction procedure is described which derives fluxes that differ by less than 5% from the true flux during the day and less than 20% at night. All studied procedures were then applied to field data to derive the true surface flux of NO and NO 2 above grassland.