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Mishra J, Mishra AK, Swain J. Exploring the biophysical interaction of 3-pentadecylphenol with the head group region of a lipid membrane using fisetin as an interfacial membrane probe. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01484f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of PDP with the interfacial head group region of the lipid bilayer membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhili Mishra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Ashok Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Jitendriya Swain
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
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Assessment of phytochemical compounds in functional couscous: Determination of free and bound phenols and alkylresorcinols. Food Res Int 2020; 130:108970. [PMID: 32156404 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of free and bound phenols and alkylresorcinols in functional couscous enriched with barley coarse fraction obtained by air classification. Two different levels of enriched barley flour (20 and 30%) were used for the formulation of couscous and they were compared with a control couscous made with 100% of semolina. HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS was used to determine the phenolic composition in couscous samples. Total free phenolic compounds content in control couscous was 182 μg/100 g d.m. This amount increases significantly when coarse barley flour is added reaching value of 2273 μg/100 g d.m. and 2978 μg/100 g d.m. when 20 and 30% of barley coarse fraction was used, respectively. Moreover, the main free phenolic compounds in enriched barley samples are represented by flavan-3-ols. Bound phenols ranged from 5242 μg/100 g d.m. for control couscous to 27,092 μg/100 g d.m. for couscous with 30% of barley coarse fraction with a strong prevalence of phenolic acids. Finally, regarding alkylresorcinol compounds, they ranged from 1.01 mg/g d.m. for control couscous to 2.46 mg/g d.m. for couscous with 30% of barley coarse fraction. In conclusion, on the basis of obtained results, barley coarse fraction can be considered a good ingredient to develop functional couscous naturally enriched of phenolic compounds and alkylresorcinols.
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Giambanelli E, Ferioli F, D’Antuono FL. Alkylresorcinols and fatty acids in primitive wheat populations of Italian and Black sea region countries origin. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Antidermatophytic Action of Resorcinol Derivatives: Ultrastructural Evidence of the Activity of Phenylethyl Resorcinol against Microsporum gypseum. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101306. [PMID: 27706019 PMCID: PMC6274034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we evaluated the antidermatophytic activities of three resorcinol derivatives that have a history of use in dermo-cosmetic applications to discover molecules with multiple dermatological activities (i.e., multi-target drugs), thereby reducing the cost and time necessary for new drug development. The antidermatophytic activities of the three skin lighteners were evaluated relative to the known antifungal drug fluconazole on nine dermatophytes responsible for the most common dermatomycoses: Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton violaceum, Arthroderma cajetani, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, Nannizzia gypsea, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton tonsurans. Among the three tested resorcinols, only two showed promising properties, with the ability to inhibit the growth of all tested dermatophytes; additionally, the IC50 values of these two resorcinols against the nine dermatophytes confirmed their good antifungal activity, particularly for phenylethyl resorcinol against M. gypseum. Ultrastructural alterations exhibited by the fungus were observed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and reflected a dose-dependent response to treatment with the activation of defence and self-preservation strategies.
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Oskarsson A, Ohlsson Andersson Å. Suppressed Sex Hormone Biosynthesis by Alkylresorcinols: A Possible Link to Chemoprevention. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:978-87. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1190022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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6
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Bellato S, Ciccoritti R, Del Frate V, Sgrulletta D, Carbone K. Influence of genotype and environment on the content of 5-n alkylresorcinols, total phenols and on the antiradical activity of whole durum wheat grains. J Cereal Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Stasiuk M, Kozubek A. Biological activity of phenolic lipids. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:841-60. [PMID: 20213924 PMCID: PMC11115636 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic lipids are a very diversified group of compounds derived from mono and dihydroxyphenols, i.e., phenol, catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone. Due to their strong amphiphilic character, these compounds can incorporate into erythrocytes and liposomal membranes. In this review, the antioxidant, antigenotoxic, and cytostatic activities of resorcinolic and other phenolic lipids are described. The ability of these compounds to inhibit bacterial, fungal, protozoan and parasite growth seems to depend on their interaction with proteins and/or on their membrane-disturbing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stasiuk
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, University of Wroclaw, Poland.
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Siwko ME, de Vries AH, Mark AE, Kozubek A, Marrink SJ. Disturb or stabilize? A molecular dynamics study of the effects of resorcinolic lipids on phospholipid bilayers. Biophys J 2009; 96:3140-53. [PMID: 19383459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resorcinolic lipids, or resorcinols, are commonly found in plant membranes. They consist of a substituted benzene ring forming the hydrophilic lipid head, attached to an alkyl chain forming the hydrophobic tail. Experimental results show alternative effects of resorcinols on lipid membranes. Depending on whether they are added to lipid solutions before or after the formation of the liposomes, they either stabilize or destabilize these liposomes. Here we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the molecular nature of this dual effect. Systems composed of either one of three resorcinol homologs, differing in the alkyl tail length, interacting with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine lipid bilayers were studied. It is shown that resorcinols preincorporated into bilayers induce order within the lipid acyl chains, decrease the hydration of the lipid headgroups, and make the bilayers less permeable to water. In contrast, simulations in which the resorcinols are incorporated from the aqueous solution into a preformed phospholipid bilayer induce local disruption, leading to either transient pore formation or even complete rupture of the membrane. In line with the experimental data, our simulations thus demonstrate that resorcinols can either disturb or stabilize the membrane structure, and offer a detailed view of the underlying molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena E Siwko
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Cieślik-Boczula K, Koll A. The effect of 3-pentadecylphenol on DPPC bilayers ATR-IR and 31P NMR studies. Biophys Chem 2009; 140:51-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2008.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 11/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Shewry PR, Piironen V, Lampi AM, Nyström L, Li L, Rakszegi M, Fraś A, Boros D, Gebruers K, Courtin CM, Delcour JA, Andersson AAM, Dimberg L, Bedo Z, Ward JL. Phytochemical and fiber components in oat varieties in the HEALTHGRAIN Diversity Screen. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:9777-84. [PMID: 18921980 DOI: 10.1021/jf801880d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The levels and compositions of a range of phytochemicals (sterols, tocols, avenanthramides, folates, phenolic acids) and dietary fiber components were determined in five oat cultivars (four husked and one naked) grown on a single site in 2005. The total levels of tocols, phenolic acids, and avenanthramides varied by over 2-fold between cultivars, but less variation occurred in total sterols and total folates. Limited variation was also observed in the dietary fiber content and composition of the four husked lines. These results indicate that it may be possible to selectively breed for lines with high contents of dietary fiber and specific groups of phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Shewry
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom.
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Andersson AAM, Kamal-Eldin A, Fraś A, Boros D, Aman P. Alkylresorcinols in wheat varieties in the HEALTHGRAIN Diversity Screen. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:9722-5. [PMID: 18921971 DOI: 10.1021/jf8011344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The contents of alkylresorcinols (AR) were analyzed in 131 winter wheats, 20 spring wheats, 10 durum wheats, 5 spelt wheats, and 10 early cultivated forms of wheat (5 diploid einkorn and 5 tetraploid emmer), which are part of the HEALTHGRAIN diversity screen. AR were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), which provides both total contents and relative homologue compositions, as well as with a Fast Blue colorimetric method that provides only total contents but which is fast and easily screens a large number of samples. There was considerable variation in the total AR content analyzed with GC: winter wheat (220-652 microg/g of dm), spring wheat (254-537 microg/g of dm), durum wheat (194-531 microg/g of dm), spelt (490-741 microg/g of dm), einkorn (545-654 microg/g of dm), and emmer wheat (531-714 microg/g of dm). The relative AR homologue composition was different for different types of wheat, with a C17:0 to C21:0 ratio of 0.1 for winter, spring, and spelt wheats, 0.04 for einkorn and emmer wheat, and 0.01 for durum wheat. The total AR content analyzed with the Fast Blue method was lower than that analyzed with GC but there was a good correlation between the two methods (R(2) = 0.76).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annica A M Andersson
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Stasiuk M, Kozubek A. Membrane perturbing properties of natural phenolic and resorcinolic lipids. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:3607-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Stasiuk M, Jaromin A, Kozubek A. The effect of merulinic acid on biomembranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2005; 1667:215-21. [PMID: 15581858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2004.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2004] [Revised: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 10/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Merulinic acid (heptadecenylresorcinolic acid, resorcinolic acid) is one of the members of resorcinolic lipids, the natural amphiphilic long-chain homologues of orcinol (1,3-dihydroksy-5-methylbenzene). In the present study, membrane properties of merulinic acid were investigated. Merulinic acid exhibits strong haemolytic activity against sheep erythrocytes (EH50 of 5+/-2 microM) regardless of the form of its application-direct injection into the erythrocyte suspension or injection as merulinic acid-enriched liposomes. The lysis of erythrocytes induced by merulinic acid was inhibited by the presence of divalent cations. The effectivity of the protection of erythrocytes was highest for Zn2+ and weakest for Mn2+. Merulinic acid at low concentrations also exhibits the ability for protection of cells against their lysis in hypoosmotic solutions. This protective effect is significant as, at 10 microM concentration of merulinic acid, the extent of osmotically induced cell lysis is reduced by approximately 40%. Merulinic acid induces increased permeability of liposomal vesicles. This effect was shown to be dependent on the composition of liposomal bilayer and it was stronger when lipid bilayer contained glycolipids (MGDG and DGDG) and sphingomyelin. Changes of TMA-DPH and NBD-PE fluorescence polarization show that the degree of merulinic acid incorporation into liposomal membrane is not very high. The polar "heads" of the molecules of investigated compounds are localized on the level of fatty acid's ester bonds in phospholipid molecules. Merulinic acid caused the increased fluorescence of the membrane potential fragile probe. This indicated an alteration of the surface charge and a decrease of the local pH at the membrane surface. This effect was visible in both low- and high-ionic strength environment. Merulinic acid causes also a decrease in activity of the membrane-bound enzyme acetylcholinesterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stasiuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
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Bioactive Phenolic Lipids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(05)80032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Przeworska E, Gubernator J, Kozubek A. Formation of liposomes by resorcinolic lipids, single-chain phenolic amphiphiles from Anacardium occidentale L. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1513:75-81. [PMID: 11427196 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(01)00346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Resorcinolic lipids isolated from Anacardium occidentale nut oil extract (CNSL), unsaturated congeners of those isolated from bacterial and graminaceous sources, form at alkaline conditions liposomal structures alone as well as in the mixtures with cholesterol, fatty acids or phosphatidylethanolamine. Those vesicular structures show relatively high entrapment of the marker and stability of their size. The retention of the captured solute depends upon the type of resorcinolic lipid and on the temperature, but in general, is lower than control phospholipid liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Przeworska
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
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Deszcz L, Kozubek A. Higher cardol homologs (5-alkylresorcinols) in rye seedlings. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1483:241-50. [PMID: 10634940 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-1981(99)00187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of alkylresorcinols, polyketide compounds that in the same homologous series as cardol isolated from Anacardium occidentale (cashew) or bilobol from Ginkgo biloba which are derivatives of 1,3-dihydroxy-5-alk(en)ylbenzene, have been demonstrated in developing rye (Secale cereale L.) kernels. The 3-day-old seedlings grown in sterile conditions already contain detectable amounts of phenolic compounds that were identified as alkylresorcinols. This fraction is the mixture of saturated and enoic homologs of various lengths of the aliphatic side chain. The composition of homologs is similar to that determined in mature grains. The relatively high level of alkylresorcinols in mitochondria and plastids (enhanced approximately twice in the absence of light) suggests that their synthetic pathway and/or biological function may be related to these cellular compartments. Resorcinolic lipids, when present in the external medium, are taken up by seedlings in the energy-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Deszcz
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
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Gubernator J, Stasiuk M, Kozubek A. Dual effect of alkylresorcinols, natural amphiphilic compounds, upon liposomal permeability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1418:253-60. [PMID: 10320677 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(99)00026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of 5-n-alkylresorcinols, natural amphiphilic compounds, upon properties of phospholipid vesicles depends on their localization asymmetry. A significant increase of the bilayer permeability is observed when the title compounds are present only in the external medium. When these amphiphiles are preincorporated into the bilayer during its formation, the resulting liposomes effectively encapsulate water-soluble solutes which still remain in liposomes after 25 h. Additionally, the size of liposomes made of alkylresorcinol-phosphatidylcholine mixtures after eight cycles of freezing and thawing only (180-200 nm) is severalfold smaller than the size of vesicles prepared in a similar way from phospholipids only and the resulting liposomes are more homogeneous. These liposomes modified with alkylresorcinols are also stable during 40 day storage at both 4 degrees C and 20 degrees C, in contrast to control liposomes that already strongly aggregate after 10 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gubernator
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
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Kozubek A, Tyman JHP. Resorcinolic Lipids, the Natural Non-isoprenoid Phenolic Amphiphiles and Their Biological Activity. Chem Rev 1999; 99:1-26. [PMID: 11848979 DOI: 10.1021/cr970464o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Kozubek
- Institute of Physics and Environmental Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB83PH, United Kingdom
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Kozubek A, Tyman JH. Cereal grain resorcinolic lipids: mono and dienoic homologues are present in rye grains. Chem Phys Lipids 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(95)02480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Gerdon S, Hoffmann S, Blume A. Properties of mixed monolayers and bilayers of long-chain 5-n-alkylresorcinols and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. Chem Phys Lipids 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(94)90074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kozubek A, Jezierski A, Sikorski AF. The effect of nonadec(en)ylresorcinol on the fluidity of liposome and erythrocyte membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1988; 944:465-72. [PMID: 3179300 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(88)90517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of alk(en)ylresorcinol homologs (5-(n-nonadecyl)- and 5-(n-nonadecenyl)resorcinol) on the mobility of 5-doxyl- and 12-doxylstearate spin probes incorporated into DMPC, DMPC-cholesterol and erythrocyte membranes was studied. It was found that both homologs affect the properties of hydrophobic environment of the membranes: (1) In DMPC vesicles both homologs induce an increase in the order parameter of 5-doxylstearate at temperatures of Tc and above. (2) At higher concentrations of both homologs a decrease in mobility of the 12-doxylstearate was also observed. (3) In the presence of cholesterol in the liposome membrane the influence of alk(en)ylresorcinols on the mobility of spin probes was much greater, depending on the cholesterol content and the position of the probe in the bilayer. (4) In natural membranes (erythrocyte ghosts) both alkyl- and alkenylresorcinols induced a decrease of mobility in the region of 12-doxylstearate as well as in the region closer to the polar head groups of lipids (5-doxylstearate).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kozubek
- Instytut Biochemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland
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Kozubek A. Thin-layer chromatographic mapping of 5-n-alk(en)ylresorcinol homologues from cereal grains. J Chromatogr A 1984; 295:304-7. [PMID: 6470089 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)87630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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