Infectious mononucleosis as a risk factor for depression: A nationwide cohort study.
Brain Behav Immun 2021;
94:259-265. [PMID:
33571632 DOI:
10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.035]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Infectious mononucleosis is a clinical diagnosis characterized by fever, sore throat, lymph node enlargement and often prolonged fatigue, most commonly caused by Epstein-Barr virus infection. Previous studies have indicated that infectious mononucleosis can be followed by depression; however, large-scale studies are lacking. We used nationwide registry data to investigate the association between infectious mononucleosis and subsequent depression in this first large-scale study.
METHODS
Prospective cohort study using nationwide Danish registers covering all 1,440,590 singletons born (1977-2005) in Denmark by Danish born parents (21,830,542 person-years' follow-up until 2016); where 12,510 individuals had a hospital contact with infectious mononucleosis. The main outcome measures were a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (ICD-8: 296.09, 298.09, 300.4; ICD-10: F32) requiring hospital contact.
RESULTS
Infectious mononucleosis was associated with a 40% increased hazard ratio (HR) for a subsequent depression diagnosis in the fully adjusted model (HR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.26-1.56;n = 358), when compared to unexposed individuals. The increased risk of being diagnosed with depression was significant to the periods one to four years after the infectious mononucleosis diagnosis (HR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.17-1.67;n = 121) and ≥ five years (HR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.22-1.61;n = 207). We did not find any differences according to age (p = 0.61) nor sex (p = 0.30).
CONCLUSION
In this largest study to date, infectious mononucleosis in childhood or adolescence was associated with an increased risk of a subsequent depression. Our findings have important clinical implications and identifies youth with infectious mononucleosis as a group at high risk of later depression in young adulthood.
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