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N Bissonnette J, Anderson TJ, McKearney KJ, Tibbo PG, Fisher DJ. Alteration of Resting Electroencephalography by Acute Caffeine Consumption in Early Phase Psychosis. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022; 53:326-334. [PMID: 34806929 PMCID: PMC9174578 DOI: 10.1177/15500594211057355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia use twice as much caffeine on average when compared to healthy controls. Knowing the high rates of consumption, and the potential negative effects of such, it is important we understand the cortical mechanisms that underlie caffeine use, and the consequences of caffeine use on neural circuits in this population. Using a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind, repeated measures design, the current study examines caffeine's effects on resting electroencephalography (EEG) power in those who have been recently diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ) compared to regular-using healthy controls (HC). Correlations between average caffeine consumption, withdrawal symptoms, drug related symptoms and clinical psychosis symptoms were measured and significant correlations with neurophysiological data were examined. Results showed caffeine had no effect on alpha asymmetry in the SZ group, although caffeine produced a more global effect on the reduction of alpha2 power in the SZ group. Further, those with more positive symptoms were found to have a greater reduction in alpha2 power following caffeine administration. Caffeine also reduced beta power during eyes closed and eyes open resting in HC, but only during eyes closed resting conditions in the SZ group. These findings provide a descriptive profile of the resting EEG state following caffeine administration in individuals with schizophrenia. The findings ultimately suggest caffeine does not affect alpha or beta power as readily in this population and a higher dose may be needed to achieve the desired effects, which may elucidate motivational factors for high caffeine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna N Bissonnette
- Department of Psychiatry, 3688Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - T-Jay Anderson
- Department of Psychology, 3684Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, 3688Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Katelyn J McKearney
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, 3688Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Psychology, 3690Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Philip G Tibbo
- Department of Psychiatry, 3688Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Derek J Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry, 3688Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Psychology, 3684Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, 3688Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Psychology, 3690Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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EEG correlates of a mental arithmetic task in patients with first episode schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:2090-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Boutros NN, Mucci A, Diwadkar V, Tandon R. Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 8:28-35B. [DOI: 10.3371/csrp.bomu.012513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Boutros NN, Mucci A, Vignapiano A, Galderisi S. Electrophysiological aberrations associated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014; 21:129-156. [PMID: 24671702 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2014_303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical heterogeneity is a confound common to all of schizophrenia research. Deficit schizophrenia has been proposed as a homogeneous disease entity within the schizophrenia syndrome. The use of the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome (SDS) has allowed the definition of a subgroup dominated by persistent and primary negative symptoms. While a number of studies have appeared over the years examining the electrophysiological correlates of the cluster of negative symptoms in schizophrenia, only a few studies have actually focused on the Deficit Syndrome (DS). In this chapter, electrophysiological investigations utilizing EEG, Evoked Potentials (EPs), polysomnography (PSG), or magnetoencephalography (MEG) to probe "negative symptoms," or "Deficit Syndrome" are reviewed. While this line of research is evidently in its infancy, two significant trends emerge. First, spectral EEG studies link increased slow wave activity during wakefulness to the prevalence of negative symptoms. Second, sleep studies point to an association between decrease in slow wave sleep and prevalence of negative symptoms. Several studies also indicate a relationship of negative symptoms with reduced alpha activity. A host of other abnormalities including sensory gating and P300 attenuation are less consistently reported. Three studies specifically addressed electrophysiology of the DS. Two of the three studies provided evidence suggesting that the DS may be a separate disease entity and not simply a severe form of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nash N Boutros
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, University of Missouri Kansas City (UMKC), 1000 East 24th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA,
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Yuvaraj R, Murugappan M, Omar MI, Ibrahim NM, Sundaraj K, Mohamad K, Satiyan M. Emotion processing in Parkinson's disease: an EEG spectral power study. Int J Neurosci 2013; 124:491-502. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.860527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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NMDA antagonists recreate signal-to-noise ratio and timing perturbations present in schizophrenia. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 46:93-100. [PMID: 22245663 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE There is increasing evidence that functional deficits in schizophrenia may be driven by a reduction in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and consistent timing of neural signals. This study examined the extent to which exposure to the NMDA receptor antagonists ketamine and MK801, frequently used pharmacological models of schizophrenia, recreate deficits in electrophysiological markers of disturbed brain circuits that are thought to underlie the illness. Furthermore, this study characterizes the specificity of these differences across the frequency spectrum so as to help identify the nature of selective circuit abnormalities that mediate each oscillatory response as relevant to schizophrenia. DESIGN Mouse EEG was recorded during exposure to repeated auditory stimuli after injection of either vehicle or drug. The dose-response relationship for each electrophysiological measure was determined for ketamine and MK-801. Time-frequency analyses were performed to assess baseline, total, and evoked power and intertrial coherence (ITC) at low (5-10 Hz) and high (35-80 Hz)-frequencies. RESULTS High frequency evoked and total power was decreased by MK-801 and ketamine in a dose-dependent fashion. High frequency baseline power was increased by MK-801 and ketamine in a dose-dependent fashion. Similar to evoked power, high frequency inter-trial coherence was dose-dependently decreased by both drugs. Low frequency ITC was only decreased by ketamine. CONCLUSIONS Both ketamine and MK-801 cause alterations in high-frequency baseline (noise), total (signal), and evoked (signal) power resulting in a loss of high frequency SNR that is thought to primarily reflect local circuit activity. These changes indicate an inappropriate increase in baseline activity, which can also be interpreted as non-task related activity. Ketamine induced a loss of intertrial coherence at low frequencies, indicating a loss of consistency in low-frequency circuit mechanisms. As a proportion of baseline power, both drugs had a relative shift from low to high frequencies, reflecting a change in the balance of brain activity from coordination of global regions to a pattern of discoordinated, autonomous local activity. These changes are consistent with a pattern of fragmented regional brain activity seen in schizophrenia.
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REM sleep EEG spectral analysis in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2008; 42:1086-93. [PMID: 18280502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Revised: 12/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of schizophrenia includes abnormalities in subcortical-cortical transfer of information that can be studied using REM sleep EEG spectral analysis, a measure that reflects spontaneous and endogenous thalamocortical activity. We recorded 10 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls for two consecutive nights in a sleep laboratory, using a 10-electrode EEG montage. Sixty seconds of REM sleep EEG without artifact were analyzed using FFT spectral analysis. Absolute and relative spectral amplitudes of five frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta1 and beta2) were extracted and compared between the two groups. Frequency bands with significant differences were correlated with BPRS positive and negative symptoms scores. Patients with schizophrenia showed lower relative alpha and higher relative beta2 spectral amplitudes compared to healthy controls over the averaged total scalp. Analysis using cortical regions showed lower relative alpha over frontal, central and temporal regions and higher relative beta2 over the occipital region. Absolute spectral amplitude was not different between groups for any given EEG band. However, absolute alpha activity correlated negatively with BPRS positive symptoms scores and correlated positively with negative symptoms scores. Since similar results have been reported following EEG spectral analysis during the waking state, we conclude that abnormalities of subcortical-cortical transfer of information in schizophrenia could be generated by mechanisms common to REM sleep and waking.
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Alfimova MV, Uvarova LG. Changes in EEG spectral power on perception of neutral and emotional words in patients with schizophrenia, their relatives, and healthy subjects from the general population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 38:533-40. [PMID: 18607745 DOI: 10.1007/s11055-008-9013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
EEG correlates of impairments in the processing of emotiogenic information which might reflect a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia were sought by studying the dynamics of EEG rhythm powers on presentation of neutral and emotional words in 36 patients with schizophrenia, 50 of their unaffected first-degree relatives, and 47 healthy subjects without any inherited predisposition to psychoses. In controls, passive hearing of neutral words produced minimal changes in cortical rhythms, predominantly in the form of increases in the power levels of slow and fast waves, while perception of emotional words was accompanied by generalized reductions in the power of the alpha and beta(1) rhythms and regionally specific suppression of theta and beta(2) activity. Patients and their relatives demonstrated reductions in power of alpha and beta(1) activity, with an increase in delta power on hearing both groups of words. Thus, differences in responses to neutral and emotional words in patients and their relatives were weaker, because of increased reactions to neutral words. These results may identify EEG reflections of pathology of involuntary attention, which is familial and, evidently, inherited in nature. No reduction in reactions to emotiogenic stimuli was seen in patients' families.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Alfimova
- Scientific Center for Mental Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Abstract
The authors previously reported that negative symptoms were associated with reduced EEG alpha power and coherence in medication-free schizophrenic inpatients. These post-hoc findings were based on resting EEG data in an eyes open condition. This report describes the replication of these results in a new sample of 17 male veterans (aged 38 +/- 8) recently hospitalized with DSM-III-R schizophrenia. All patients had been free of neuroleptic medication at least 12-14 days. The relationships between resting alpha (7.5-12.5 Hz) power and coherence and symptom ratings (as measured by subscales derived from the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) were examined with multivariate repeated measure analyses of covariance. Results were similar to those obtained earlier, with a main effect of negative symptoms (p = 0.05) on log alpha power, a localized effect on right frontal-parietal alpha coherence (p < 0.02), and a main effect (p < 0.03) on between-hemisphere alpha coherence. There was also a trend for an asymmetrical effect on power favoring the right side in parietal leads. Negative symptoms were associated with reduced alpha power and less alpha coherence between hemispheres and between right parietal and frontal regions. The authors discuss the implications of these results on neurodevelopmental, genetic, and attentional aspects of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Merrin
- Psychiatry Service (116N), DVA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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Gerez M, Tello A. Selected quantitative EEG (QEEG) and event-related potential (ERP) variables as discriminators for positive and negative schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 1995; 38:34-49. [PMID: 7548470 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(94)00205-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity is a major obstacle in the search for biological substrates in schizophrenia. The positive and negative distinction, even if too simplistic, may improve our understanding of underlying processes. Frontostriatal deficits have been related to negative symptoms, while dysfunction of the dominant temporal lobe appears more relevant to the generation of positive symptoms. Despite interactions between the subsystems, different neurophysiological profiles could be expected for patients predominantly affected at each of those levels. We performed discriminant analysis on 10 neurophysiological variables (hypothesis-related) in schizophrenic patients grouped by positive or negative symptoms (PANSS), obtaining a discriminant that correctly classified the sample. The function was then tested in a new sample of patients with schizophrenia, affective psychoses, and controls, classifying subjects with 78% sensitivity and 85% specificity. Our findings suggest that predominantly negative and positive schizophrenics have different neurophysiological profiles, which are consistent with the hypotheses of hypofrontality and temporal lobe dysfunction, respectively. A linear relation between discriminant scores and PANSS ratings might reflect coexisting pathologies or compensatory interactions in the mixed subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gerez
- Neurophysiology Department, Hospital Español México, Col Granada
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Wada Y, Takizawa Y, Kitazawa S, Jiang ZY, Yamaguchi N. Quantitative EEG analysis at rest and during photic stimulation in drug-naive patients with first-episode paranoid schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1994; 244:247-51. [PMID: 7893770 DOI: 10.1007/bf02190377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, quantitative EEG analysis was performed at rest and during 10 Hz photic stimulation in 14 drug-naive patients with first-episode paranoid schizophrenia and 20 sex- and age-matched control subjects. Compared with the normal controls, the patients had significantly lower alpha-2 band amplitude in the resting EEG over all recording regions. No significant group differences were found in other frequency bands. In addition, EEG analysis during photic stimulation demonstrated that the patients had a rather uniform topographic profile in EEG amplitude for the alpha band, with significant group differences being confined to the posterior regions in the left hemisphere. There were no significant group differences in the amplitude for the frequency bands harmonically related to the stimulus frequency. These findings provide further evidence that schizophrenic patients have abnormal EEG activity in both non-stimulus and stimulus conditions, and suggest a dysfunction in the mechanisms underlying EEG alpha generation in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Japan
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Nagase Y, Okubo Y, Matsuura M, Kojima T, Toru M. EEG coherence in unmedicated schizophrenic patients: topographical study of predominantly never medicated cases. Biol Psychiatry 1992; 32:1028-34. [PMID: 1467383 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Electroencephalographic (EEG) power and coherence were compared in 11 unmedicated schizophrenics (including 9 never mediated patients) and in 15 normal controls. There was no significant difference in power between the two groups. However, interhemispheric coherence between O1-O2 was higher in the schizophrenics in the delta and beta bands, and interhemispheric coherence between T5-T6 was higher in the delta band. These results suggest that coherence is more sensitive than power for comparison of these two groups, and that cerebral function is less lateralized in schizophrenics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nagase
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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