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Zhu L, Yin H, Wang Y, Yang W, Dong T, Xu L, Hou Z, Shi Q, Shen Q, Lin Z, Zhao H, Xu Y, Chen Y, Wu J, Yu Z, Wen M, Huang J. Disrupted topological organization of the motor execution network in Wilson's disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1029669. [PMID: 36479050 PMCID: PMC9721349 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1029669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are a number of symptoms associated with Wilson's disease (WD), including motor function damage. The neuropathological mechanisms underlying motor impairments in WD are, however, little understood. In this study, we explored changes in the motor execution network topology in WD. METHODS We conducted resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on 38 right-handed individuals, including 23 WD patients and 15 healthy controls of the same age. Based on graph theory, a motor execution network was constructed and analyzed. In this study, global, nodal, and edge topological properties of motor execution networks were compared. RESULTS The global topological organization of the motor execution network in the two groups did not differ significantly across groups. In the cerebellum, WD patients had a higher nodal degree. At the edge level, a cerebello-thalamo-striato-cortical circuit with altered functional connectivity strength in WD patients was observed. Specifically, the strength of the functional connections between the cerebellum and thalamus increased, whereas the cortical-thalamic, cortical-striatum and cortical-cerebellar connections exhibited a decrease in the strength of the functional connection. CONCLUSION There is a disruption of the topology of the motor execution network in WD patients, which may be the potential basis for WD motor dysfunction and may provide important insights into neurobiological research related to WD motor dysfunction.
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Ishihara K. The accumulation of copper in the brain of Down syndrome promotes oxidative stress: possible mechanism underlying cognitive impairment. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 71:16-21. [PMID: 35903608 PMCID: PMC9309086 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Ishihara
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
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Zimbrean P, Seniów J. Cognitive and psychiatric symptoms in Wilson disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2017; 142:121-140. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63625-6.00011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kim J, Wessling-Resnick M. Iron and mechanisms of emotional behavior. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:1101-1107. [PMID: 25154570 PMCID: PMC4253901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Iron is required for appropriate behavioral organization. Iron deficiency results in poor brain myelination and impaired monoamine metabolism. Glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid homeostasis is modified by changes in brain iron status. Such changes produce not only deficits in memory/learning capacity and motor skills, but also emotional and psychological problems. An accumulating body of evidence indicates that both energy metabolism and neurotransmitter homeostasis influence emotional behavior, and both functions are influenced by brain iron status. Like other neurobehavioral aspects, the influence of iron metabolism on mechanisms of emotional behavior is multifactorial: brain region-specific control of behavior, regulation of neurotransmitters and associated proteins, temporal and regional differences in iron requirements, oxidative stress responses to excess iron, sex differences in metabolism, and interactions between iron and other metals. To better understand the role that brain iron plays in emotional behavior and mental health, this review discusses the pathologies associated with anxiety and other emotional disorders with respect to body iron status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Trocello JM, Broussolle E, Girardot-Tinant N, Pelosse M, Lachaux A, Lloyd C, Woimant F. Wilson's disease, 100 years later…. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2013; 169:936-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wenisch E, De Tassigny A, Trocello JM, Beretti J, Girardot-Tinant N, Woimant F. Cognitive profile in Wilson's disease: a case series of 31 patients. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2013; 169:944-9. [PMID: 24120329 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wilson's disease (WD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism. If untreated, WD, which is initially a liver disease, can turn into a multi-systemic disease with neurological involvement. Very few studies have described cognitive impairment in WD. The aim of this study is to report the cognitive profile of 31 treated WD patients. METHODS Patients were classed into two groups using the Unified Wilson Disease Rating Scale (UWDRS): WD patients without neurological signs (WD-N(-)) (n=13), and WD patients with neurological signs (WD-N(+)) (n=18). The patients participated in a neuropsychological assessment evaluating memory, executive function and visuo-spatial abilities. RESULTS Both groups performed well for verbal intelligence and episodic memory skills. However, the majority of these patients exhibited altered performance for at least one cognitive test, particularly in the executive domain. The WD-N(+) group performed less well than the WD-N(-) group on cognitive tests involving rapid motor function, abstract thinking, working memory and top-down inhibitory control. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive impairment in treated WD patients essentially affects executive function involving fronto-striatal circuits. Verbal intelligence and episodic memory abilities seem to be remarkably preserved. Neuropsychological assessment is a valuable tool to evaluate the presence and the consequences of these cognitive impairments in WD patients with or without neurological signs in the course of this chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wenisch
- French national reference centre for Wilson's disease, neurology department, Lariboisière hospital, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris cedex 10, France.
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Tecchio F, Assenza G, Zappasodi F, Mariani S, Salustri C, Squitti R. Glutamate-mediated primary somatosensory cortex excitability correlated with circulating copper and ceruloplasmin. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:292593. [PMID: 22145081 PMCID: PMC3227495 DOI: 10.4061/2011/292593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To verify whether markers of metal homeostasis are related to a magnetoencephalographic index representative of glutamate-mediated excitability of the primary somatosensory cortex. The index is identified as the source strength of the earliest component (M20) of the somatosensory magnetic fields (SEFs) evoked by right median nerve stimulation at wrist. Method. Thirty healthy right-handed subjects (51 ± 22 years) were enrolled in the study. A source reconstruction algorithm was applied to assess the amount of synchronously activated neurons subtending the M20 and the following SEF component (M30), which is generated by two independent contributions of gabaergic and glutamatergic transmission. Serum copper, ceruloplasmin, iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation, and zinc levels were measured. Results. Total copper and ceruloplasmin negatively correlated with the M20 source strength. Conclusion. This pilot study suggests that higher level of body copper reserve, as marked by ceruloplasmin variations, parallels lower cortical glutamatergic responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Tecchio
- Laboratory for Electrophysiology for Translational neuroScience (LET'S), Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione (ISTC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Fatebenefratelli Hospital Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
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Svetel M, Potrebić A, Pekmezović T, Tomić A, Kresojević N, Jesić R, Dragasević N, Kostić VS. Neuropsychiatric aspects of treated Wilson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009; 15:772-5. [PMID: 19559640 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current cross-sectional study was to use standardized psychiatric interviews (the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory; NPI) in order to better characterize psychiatric symptoms in 50 consecutive, treated and clinically stable patients with Wilson's disease (WD). Nine patients (18%) had one, 7 patients (14%) had two, and 20 (40%) had >or= 3 neuropsychiatric symptoms present. The most often endosed symptoms were anxiety (62%), depression (36%), irritability (26%), as well as disinhibition and apathy (24% each). Twenty two patients (44%) had a score >or= 4 on at least one of the NPI items: again, most frequently anxiety (17 patients; 34%), depression (13 patients; 26%) and apathy (9 patients; 18%). Therefore, even among stable, long-term treated patients with WD approximately 70% experienced psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Svetel
- Institute of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD) or hepatolenticular degeneration is a rare, genetic and
systemic disease, caused by a deficit in the metabolism of copper, leading to
its accumulation in different organs, mainly the liver, followed by the central
nervous system, especially the basal ganglia. When symptoms begin between the
second and third decades of life, approximately 50% of the patients show
neurological symptoms. Although dystonia and dysarthria are the most common
neurological signs, cognitive changes have been reported since the first cases
were described in 1912. Memory change is one of the most common impairments, but
other cognitive changes have been reported, including dementia in untreated
cases. In this article we review the cognitive changes in WD patients and the
occurrence of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Anizio Ferreira Frota
- MD, General Hospital of Fortaleza and Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo School Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- MD, PhD, Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Egberto Reis Barbosa
- MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo School Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Progressive hepatolenticular degeneration, or Wilson's disease, is a genetic disorder of copper metabolism. Knowledge of the clinical presentations and treatment of the disease are important both to the generalist and to specialists in gastroenterology and hepatology, neurology, psychiatry, and paediatrics. Wilson's disease invariably results in severe disability and death if untreated. The diagnosis is easily overlooked but if discovered early, effective treatments are available that will prevent or reverse many manifestations of this disorder. Studies have identified the role of copper in disease pathogenesis and clinical, biochemical, and genetic markers that can be useful in diagnosis. There are several chelating agents and zinc salts for medical therapy. Liver transplantation corrects the underlying pathophysiology and can be lifesaving. The discovery of the Wilson's disease gene has opened up a new molecular diagnostic approach, and could form the basis of future gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ala
- UCL Institute of Hepatology, Hampstead Campus, Division of Medicine, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London, UK.
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Seniów J, Bak T, Gajda J, Poniatowska R, Czlonkowska A. Cognitive functioning in neurologically symptomatic and asymptomatic forms of Wilson's disease. Mov Disord 2002; 17:1077-83. [PMID: 12360563 DOI: 10.1002/mds.10195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to determine the pattern of cognitive deficits in patients with Wilson's disease (WD) with different type and degree of neurological involvement, and to interpret the findings in relation to the underlying pathology. A total of 67 WD patients were examined with a neuropsychological test battery assessing different aspects of cognitive processing. The patients were subdivided into three groups: neurologically asymptomatic, neurological with pure basal ganglia lesions, and neurological with more extensive pathology. The results were compared with 50 matched healthy controls. Patients with a neurological form of WD showed a mild but definitive impairment in all cognitive functions. In contrast, the neurologically asymptomatic patients showed no deficits when compared with normal controls. Multifocal pathology was associated with more severe cognitive deficits than selective basal ganglia lesions but did not contribute significantly to memory impairment. A range of cognitive functions, including frontal-executive ability, aspects of memory and visuospatial processing, are affected in the neurologically symptomatic WD patients. In contrast, no subliminal deficits were observed in the asymptomatic patients. The lesions of the basal ganglia seem to be of central importance in explaining the symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Seniów
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
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