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Mouchtouri ET, Konstantinou T, Lekkas P, Lianopoulou A, Kotsaridou Z, Mourouzis I, Pantos C, Kolettis TM. Endothelin Modulates Rhythm Disturbances and Autonomic Responses to Acute Emotional Stress in Rats. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1401. [PMID: 37998000 PMCID: PMC10669295 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous peptide endothelin is currently under investigation as a modulatory factor of autonomic responses to acute emotional stress. Baseline plasma levels of endothelin alter blood pressure responses, but it remains unclear whether autonomic activity and arrhythmogenesis (i.e., brady- or tachyarrhythmias) are affected. We recorded sympathetic and vagal indices (derived from heart rate variability analysis), rhythm disturbances, voluntary motion, and systolic blood pressure after acute emotional stress in conscious rats with implanted telemetry devices. Two strains were compared, namely wild-type and ETB-deficient rats, the latter displaying elevated plasma endothelin. No differences in heart rate or blood pressure were evident, but sympathetic responses were blunted in ETB-deficient rats, contrasting prompt activation in wild-type rats. Vagal withdrawal was observed in both strains at the onset of stress, but vagal activity was subsequently restored in ETB-deficient rats, accompanied by low voluntary motion during recovery. Reflecting such distinct autonomic patterns, frequent premature ventricular contractions were recorded in wild-type rats, as opposed to sinus pauses in ETB-deficient rats. Thus, chronically elevated plasma endothelin levels blunt autonomic responses to acute emotional stress, resulting in vagal dominance and bradyarrhythmias. Our study provides further insights into the pathophysiology of stress-induced tachyarrhythmias and syncope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni-Taxiarchia Mouchtouri
- Department of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (E.-T.M.); (T.K.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Thomas Konstantinou
- Department of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (E.-T.M.); (T.K.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | | | - Alexandra Lianopoulou
- School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 10447 Athens, Greece; (A.L.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zoi Kotsaridou
- School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 10447 Athens, Greece; (A.L.); (Z.K.)
| | - Iordanis Mourouzis
- Department of Pharmacology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Constantinos Pantos
- Department of Pharmacology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Theofilos M. Kolettis
- Department of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (E.-T.M.); (T.K.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
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Desbiens L, Lapointe C, Gendron L, Gharagozloo M, Vincent L, Pejler G, Gris D, D’Orléans-Juste P. Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Potentiates Mouse Mast Cell Protease 4–Dependent Pressor Responses to Centrally or Systemically Administered Big Endothelin-1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:437-446. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.256016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Han MM, Yang CW, Cheung CW, Li J. Blockage of spinal endothelin A receptors attenuates bone cancer pain via regulation of the Akt/ERK signaling pathway in mice. Neuropeptides 2018; 68:36-42. [PMID: 29395120 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is a common source of pain in patients with advanced stage and metastatic cancer; however, existing treatment for this kind of pain remains deficient. Being closely related to sensory change and inflammatory pain in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, endothelin A receptor (ETAR) plays an essential role in pain processing. As a result, ETAR antagonist has been reported to alleviate both neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Thus far, the role of ETAR in the process of BCP is still ambiguous. In this study, by using a BCP mouse model, the analgesic effect and molecular mechanism of the ETAR antagonist BQ-123 was investigated. Pain sensation in the BCP mouse model was investigated by the number of spontaneous flinches (NSF) and pain withdrawal threshold (PWT), and the mechanism of BCP was assessed by measuring p-Akt, p-Akt/t-Akt, p-ERK-1/2 and p-ERK-1/2/t-ERK-1/2 levels in L4-6 segments of the spinal cord. Our results demonstrated that BCP mice showed a higher NSF and a lower PWT score than Sham mice. In addition to the development of nociceptive sensitization, p-Akt, p-Akt/t-Akt, p-ERK-1/2 and p-ERK-1/2/t-ERK-1/2 were up-regulated correspondingly in L4-6 segments of the spinal cord in BCP mice. BQ-123 treatment showed a promising analgesic effect, and the effect was correlated to the down-regulation of p-Akt, p-Akt/t-Akt, p-ERK-1/2 and p-ERK-1/2/t-ERK-1/2 in spinal cord cells. The results suggested that intrathecal administration of BQ-123 was able to relieve BCP in mice as a consequence of suppressing the Akt and ERK signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Han
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Yang
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chi-Wai Cheung
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Perfume G, Nabhen SL, Riquelme Barrera K, Otero MG, Bianciotti LG, Vatta MS. Long-term modulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity and expression by endothelin-1 and -3 in the rat anterior and posterior hypothalamus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 294:R905-14. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00555.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain catecholamines are involved in the regulation of biological functions, including cardiovascular activity. The hypothalamus presents areas with high density of catecholaminergic neurons and the endothelin system. Two hypothalamic regions intimately related with the cardiovascular control are distinguished: the anterior (AHR) and posterior (PHR) hypothalamus, considered to be sympathoinhibitory and sympathoexcitatory regions, respectively. We previously reported that endothelins (ETs) are involved in the short-term tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) regulation in both the AHR and PHR. TH is crucial for catecholaminergic transmission and is tightly regulated by well-characterized mechanisms. In the present study, we sought to establish the effects and underlying mechanisms of ET-1 and ET-3 on TH long-term modulation. Results showed that in the AHR, ETs decreased TH activity through ETBreceptor activation coupled to the nitric oxide, phosphoinositide, and CaMK-II pathways. They also reduced total TH level and TH phosphorylated forms (Ser 19 and 40). Conversely, in the PHR, ETs increased TH activity through a G protein-coupled receptor, likely an atypical ET receptor or the ETCreceptor, which stimulated the phosphoinositide and adenylyl cyclase pathways, as well as CaMK-II. ETs also increased total TH level and the Ser 19, 31, and 40 phosphorylated sites of the enzyme. These findings support that ETs are involved in the long-term regulation of TH activity, leading to reduced sympathoinhibition in the AHR and increased sympathoexcitation in the PHR. Present and previous studies may partially explain the cardiovascular effects produced by ETs when applied to the brain.
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Benton RL, Woock JP, Gozal E, Hetman M, Whittemore SR. Intraspinal application of endothelin results in focal ischemic injury of spinal gray matter and restricts the differentiation of engrafted neural stem cells. Neurochem Res 2006; 30:809-23. [PMID: 16187216 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-005-6875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous data have shown that pluripotent stem cells engrafted into the contused spinal cord differentiate only along an astrocytic lineage. The unknown restrictive cues appear to be quite rigid as even neuronal-restricted precursors fail to differentiate to the mature potential they exhibit in vitro after similar grafting into the contused spinal cord. It has been hypothesized that this potent lineage restriction is, in part, the result of the significant loss of both gray and white matter observed following spinal contusion, which elicits a massive acute inflammatory response and is manifested chronically by dramatic cystic cavitation. To evaluate the gray matter component, we developed a clinically relevant model of focal gray matter ischemic injury using the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin (ET-1) and characterized the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells transplanted into this atraumatic vascular SCI. Results demonstrate that low dose ET-1 microinjection into cervical spinal gray matter results in an inflammatory response that is temporally comparable to that observed following traumatic SCI, as well as chronic gray matter loss, but without significant cystic cavitation or white matter degeneration. However, despite the preservation of host spinal parenchyma, no elaboration of neuronal phenotypes was observed from engrafted stem or precursor cells. These results suggest that a common pathologic component responsible for this lineage restriction exists between contusive SCI and ET-1 mediated focal ischemic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Benton
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center (KSCIRC), 511 South Floyd Street, MDR 616, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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Poulat P, Couture R. Increased pulmonary vascular permeability and oedema induced by intrathecally injected endothelins in rat. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 344:251-9. [PMID: 9600661 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intrathecal (i.t.) injection of endothelins to conscious rats was found to cause respiratory arrest. To gain some insights into this central phenomenon, peripheral vascular permeability and lung oedema were measured after i.t. and i.v. injections of these peptides. When injected at T-8 spinal cord level, endothelin-1 (65 and 650 pmol) and endothelin-3 (650 pmol) enhanced vascular permeability in the lungs by 22-fold and 7-fold, respectively, and caused sudden death at the highest dose. Less prominent increases (between 1.4- and 2.2-fold) of vascular permeability were observed in other tissues (trachea, kidney, ears, skin of hind paws and back skin) with endothelin-1. Endothelin-1 (650 pmol) caused a similar increase (27-fold) in lung vascular permeability when injected at T-2, although the response was significantly less (P < 0.05) if injected at the L-4 (15-fold) spinal cord level. Only endothelin-1 produced lung oedema when injected at the T-2 or T-8 level. In contrast, intravenous injection of endothelins-1 and -3 (650 pmol) did not produce lung oedema and the lung vascular permeability was increased by only 1.4-1.6-fold and all rats survived. The prior i.t. injection of 6.5 nmol BQ-123 (cyclo[D-Trp, D-Asp, L-Pro, D-Val, L-Leu]), a selective endothelin ET(A) receptor antagonist, prevented the increases of lung vascular permeability and oedema and the mortality induced by i.t. endothelin-1 (650 pmol). Whereas i.v. treatment with phentolamine (2 mg/kg) or pentolinium (25 mg/kg + 50 mg/kg per h x 15 min) abolished the lung vascular permeability changes evoked by endothelin-1 (650) pmol), atropine (1 mg/kg), NG-nitro-L-arginine (50 mg/kg) or indomethacin (5 mg/kg) had no effect. Moreover, the effects of endothelin-1 were attenuated in capsaicin pretreated rats (125 mg/kg, 10 days earlier) and almost abolished in rats subjected to sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine (100 mg/kg, 24-48 h earlier). All these treatments except atropine and NG-nitro-L-arginine prevented the endothelin-1-induced lung oedema and reduced the lethality by around 50%. These results suggest that the increases of pulmonary vascular permeability and oedema induced by i.t. endothelin-1 are due to an intense pulmonary vasoconstriction mediated by alpha-adrenoceptors following the release of catecholamines in response to the activation of endothelin ET(A) receptor in the spinal cord. This central phenomenon seems to be reflexogenic, including the involvement of primary afferent C-fibers and spinal cord ascending fibers to the brain. Thus, endothelin-1 could play a role in neurogenic pulmonary oedema through a central mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Poulat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Que., Canada
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Kuwaki T, Kurihara H, Cao WH, Kurihara Y, Unekawa M, Yazaki Y, Kumada M. Physiological role of brain endothelin in the central autonomic control: from neuron to knockout mouse. Prog Neurobiol 1997; 51:545-79. [PMID: 9153073 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0082(96)00063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although endothelin (ET) was discovered as a potent vascular endothelium-derived constricting peptide, its presumed physiological and pathophysiological roles are now considered much more diverse than originally though. Endothelin in the brain is thought to be deeply involved in the central autonomic control and consequent cardiorespiratory homeostasis, possibly as a neuromodulator or a hormone that functions locally in an autocrine/paracrine manner or widely through delivery by the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This notion is based on the following lines of evidence. (1) Mature ET, its precursors, converting enzymes, and receptors all are detected at strategic sites in the central nervous system (CNS), especially those controlling the autonomic functions. (2) The ET is present in the CSF at concentrations higher than in the plasma. (3) There is a topographical correspondence of ET and its receptors in the CNS. (4) The ET is released by primary cultures of hypothalamic neurons. (5) When ET binds to its receptors, intracellular calcium channels. (6) An intracerebroventricular or topical application of ET to CNS sites elicits a pattern of cardiorespiratory changes accompanied by responses of vasomotor and respiratory neurons. (7) Recently generated knockout mice with disrupted genes encoding ET-1 exhibited, along with malformations in a subset of the tissues of neural crest cell lineage, cardiorespiratory abnormalities including elevation of arterial pressure, sympathetic overactivity, and impairment of the respiratory reflex. Definitive evidence is expected from thorough analyses of knockout mice by applying conventional experimental methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kuwaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
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Poulat P, De Champlain J, D'Orléans-Juste P, Couture R. Receptor and mechanism that mediate endothelin- and big endothelin-1-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis in the rat spinal cord. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 315:327-34. [PMID: 8982672 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(96)00610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In rat spinal cord slices, endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 enhanced [3H]inositol phosphate production between 1 nM and 10 microM (endothelin-1 > endothelin-3) while sarafotoxin 6c and the endothelin ETB receptor agonist IRL-1620 (Suc-[Glu9,Ala11,15]endothelin-1-(8-21)) were almost ineffective. BQ-123 (cyclo(D-Trp,D-Asp,L-Pro,D-Val,L-Leu), a selective endothelin ETA receptor antagonist, reduced the endothelin-1- and endothelin-3-induced [3H]inositol phosphate production, with similar inhibition constants (IC50: 16.7 +/- 3.4 and 8.0 +/- 1.6 microM, respectively). The inhibition of endothelin-1 was enhanced when BQ-123 was preincubated for 30 min instead of 15 min. BQ-788 (N-cis-2,6-dimethylpiperidinocarbonyl-L-gamma-methylleucyl-D -1-methoxy- carbonyltryptophanyl-D-Nle), a selective ETB receptor antagonist, did not modify the endothelin-1-induced [3H]inositol phosphate production. Big endothelin-1 (1 nM to 1 microM) was slightly less potent than endothelin-1 in enhancing [3H]inositol phosphate production. This response was sensitive to phosphoramidon and [Phe22]big endothelin-1-(19-37), two inhibitors of endothelin-converting enzyme. Pretreatment of slices with pertussis toxin, indomethacin or PN 200-110 ((-)-isradipine, a dual inhibitor of L- and R-type Ca2+ channels) did not alter the response to 1 microM endothelin-1 while this response was abolished by tetrodotoxin. Finally, endothelin-1 enhanced [3H]inositol phosphate production with an identical EC50 (2.1 nM) in spinal cord slices of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) although the maximal response was reduced in SHR. These data indicate that endothelins stimulated [3H]inositol phosphate production in the rat spinal cord through the activation of an endothelin ETA receptor that trigger the release of an unidentified neurotransmitter. This effect does not appear to be associated to activation of a Gi/G(o)-type of G-protein, dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type Ca2+ channels or to the production of prostaglandins. Furthermore, the findings support the presence of a phosphoramidon-sensitive endothelin-converting enzyme in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Poulat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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