A convenient synthesis of apiose

Lead tetraacetate mediated one pot oxidative cleavage and acetylation reaction: an approach to apio and homologated apio pyrimidine nucleosides and their anticancer activity

An efficient and versatile strategy towards apio and homologated apio pyrimidines has been described via one pot oxidative cleavage and acetylation using Pb(OAc)₄.

Synthesis of apiose-containing oligosaccharide fragments of the plant cell wall: fragments of rhamnogalacturonan-II side chains A and B, and apiogalacturonan

Fragments of pectic polysaccharides rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) and apiogalacturonan were synthesised using p-tolylthio apiofuranoside derivatives as key building blocks. Apiofuranose thioglycosides can be conveniently prepared by cyclization of the corresponding dithioacetals possessing a 2,3-O-isopropylidene group, which is required for preservation of the correct (3R) configuration of the apiofuranose ring. The remarkable stability of this protecting group in apiofuranose derivatives requires its replacement with a more reactive protecting group, such as a benzylidene acetal which was used in the synthesis of trisaccharide β-Rhap-(1→3')-β-Apif-(1→2)-α-GalAp-OMe. The X-ray crystal structure of the protected precursor of this trisaccharide has been elucidated.

Triterpenoid saponins from Becium grandiflorum var. obovatum

Two new triterpenoid saponins, beciumecine 1 and 2, were isolated from the root bark of Becium grandiflorum var. obovatum and their structures established as 3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl) terminolic acid 28-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl(1-3)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-4)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside and 3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl) 24-hydroxyterminolic acid 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-4)-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl(1-2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside, respectively.

DL-apiose substituted with stable isotopes: synthesis, n.m.r.-spectral analysis, and furanose anomerization

The branched-chain pentose DL-apiose has been synthesized in good yield by a new and simple chemical method that can be adapted to prepare (1-13C)-, (2-13C)-, (1-2H)- and/or (2-2H)-enriched derivatives. N.m.r. spectra (1H- and 13C-) have been interpreted with the aid of selective (13C)- and (2H)-enrichment, and 2D and 13C[13C]-n.m.r. spectra. The solution composition of DL-(1-13C)apiose in 2H2O, determined by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy, has been found to differ from that determined previously by 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Several 13C-1H and 13C-13C couplings have been measured and interpreted in terms of apiofuranose ring conformation. Ring-opening rate-constants of the four apiofuranoses [3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-alpha- and -beta-D-erythrofuranose, and 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-alpha- and -beta-L-threofuranose] have been determined by 13C-saturation-transfer n.m.r. spectroscopy, and compared to those obtained previously for the structurally related tetrofuranoses.