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Wallace MD, Ficko-Blean E, Stubbs KA. Red Algal Molecules - Synthesis of Methyl Neo-β-carrabioside and Its S-Linked Variant via Two Synthetic Routes: A Late Stage Ring Closure and Using a 3,6-Anhydro-d-galactosyl Donor. J Org Chem 2020; 85:16182-16195. [PMID: 33182999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methyl neo-β-carrabioside has been synthesized for the first time, employing either a late stage ring closure to install the required 3,6-anhydro-bridge or a suitable 3,6-anhydro-galactosyl donor to form the unfavored 1,2-cis-equatorial α-linkage. Using the late stage ring closure approach, an S-linked analogue of methyl neo-β-carrabioside was also realized. These compounds have applications in the identification and characterization of marine bacterial exo-α-3,6-anhydro-d-galactosidases that have specific activity on red algal neo-carrageenan oligosaccharides, such as those found in both family 127 and 129 of the glycoside hydrolases. In addition a biochemical assay using the synthesized methyl neo-β-carrabioside and the marine bacterial exo-α-3,6-anhydro-d-galactosidase ZgGH129 demonstrates that the minimum substrate unit for the enzyme is neo-β-carrabiose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wallace
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Ficko-Blean
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Characterisation of an exo-(α-1,3)-3,6-anhydro-d-galactosidase produced by the marine bacterium Zobellia galactanivorans Dsij T: Insight into enzyme preference for natural carrageenan oligosaccharides and kinetic characterisation on a novel chromogenic substrate. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1471-1479. [PMID: 32763401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavobacteriia are important degraders in the marine carbon cycle, due to their ability to efficiently degrade complex algal polysaccharides. A novel exo-(α-1,3)-3,6-anhydro-D-galactosidase activity was recently discovered from a marine Flavobacteriia (Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT) on red algal carrageenan oligosaccharides. The enzyme activity is encoded by a gene found in the first described carrageenan-specific polysaccharide utilization locus (CarPUL) that codes for a family 129 glycoside hydrolase (GH129). The GH129 family is a CAZy family that is strictly partitioned into two niche-based clades: clade 1 contains human host bacterial enzymes and clade 2 contains marine bacterial enzymes. Clade 2 includes the GH129 exo-(α-1,3)-3,6-anhydro-D-galactosidase from Z. galactanivorans (ZgGH129). Despite the discovery of the unique activity for ZgGH129, finer details on the natural substrate specificity for this enzyme are lacking. Examination of enzyme activity on natural carrageenan oligomers using mass spectrometry demonstrated that ZgGH129 hydrolyses terminal 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose from unsulfated non-reducing end neo-β-carrabiose motifs. Due to the lack of chromogenic substrates to examine exo-(α-1,3)-3,6-anhydro-D-galactosidase activity, a novel substrate was synthesised to facilitate the first kinetic characterisation of an exo-(α-1,3)-3,6-anhydro-D-galactosidase, allowing determination of pH and temperature optimums and Michaelis-Menten steady state kinetic data.
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Bestaoui-Berrekhchi-Berrahma N, Derreumaux P, Sekkal-Rahal M, Springborg M, Sayede A, Yousfi N, Kadoun AED. Density functional conformational study of 2-O-sulfated 3,6 anhydro-α-D-galactose and of neo-κ- and ι-carrabiose molecules in gas phase and water. J Mol Model 2012; 19:893-904. [PMID: 23086461 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined the conformational preferences of the 2-O-sulfated-3,6-α-D-anhydrogalactose (compound I) and two 1,3 linked disaccharides constituting-κ or ι-carrageenans using density functional and ab initio methods in gas phase and aqueous solution. Systematic modifications of two torsion angles leading to 324 and 144 starting geometries for the compound I and each disaccharide were used to generate adiabatic maps using B3LYP/6-31G(d). The lower energy conformers were then fully optimized using B3LYP, B3PW91 and MP2 with several basis sets. Overall, we discuss the impact of full relaxation on the energy and structure of the dominant conformations, present the performance comparison with previous molecular mechanics calculations if available, and determine whether our results are impacted, when polarization and diffuse functions are added to the 6-31G(d) basis set, or when the MP2 level of theory is used.
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Vogel C, Torres GM, Reinke H, Michalik D, Voss A. Synthesis of a cyanoethylidene derivative of 3,6-anhydro-d-galactose and its application as glycosyl donor. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:520-8. [PMID: 17056018 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Revised: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Starting from 1,2,4-tri-O-acetyl-3,6-anhydro-alpha-d-galactopyranose, 4-O-acetyl-3,6-anhydro-1,2-O-(1-cyanoethylidene)-alpha-d-galactopyranose (7) was synthesized by treatment with cyanotrimethylsilane. Additionally, 3,4-di-O-acetyl-1,2-O-(1-cyanoethylidene)-6-O-tosyl-alpha-d-galactopyranose was prepared from the corresponding bromide and both cyanoethylidene derivatives were used as donors in glycosylation reactions. The coupling with benzyl 2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-3-O-trityl-beta-d-galactopyranoside provided exclusively the beta-linked disaccharides in approximately 30% yield. The more reactive methyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-4-O-trityl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside gave with donors 3 and 7 the corresponding disaccharides in nearly 60% yield. Furthermore, the synthesis of 3,6-anhydro-4-O-trityl-1,2-O-[1-(endo-cyano)ethylidene]-alpha-d-galactopyranose, which can be used as a monomer for polycondensation reaction is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vogel
- University of Rostock, Institute of Chemistry, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.
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Navarro DA, Stortz CA. Modeling ring puckering in strained systems: application to 3,6-anhydroglycosides. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:2030-8. [PMID: 16023621 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2005] [Accepted: 05/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Different conformations of methyl 3,6-anhydroglycosides with the beta-D-galacto, alpha-D-galacto, and beta-D-gluco configurations were studied by molecular mechanics (using the program mm3) and by quantum mechanical (QM) methods at the HF/- and B3LYP/6-31+G** levels, with and without solvent emulation. Using molecular mechanics, the energies were plotted against the phi, theta puckering coordinates of Cremer and Pople. In such strained systems, only two extreme conformations of the six-membered ring are likely: (1)C(4) and B(1,4), or any one close to either of them. Results show the preponderance of a distorted chair conformation over that of the distorted boat, though the energy difference is lower and the distortions are larger for the compound with the beta-D-galacto configuration. For derivatives of this compound, experimental data in solution indicate both chair and boat forms, depending on the compound and the solvent, whereas for the remaining compounds, experimental data always show the preponderance of the chair conformation. The more accurate DFT calculations lead to the lower energy differences, suggesting that HF and MM3 underestimate the stability of the boat-like conformations. Similar studies on model compounds depict the importance of the anomeric effect in the conformational preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Navarro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica-CIHIDECAR, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kolender AA, Matulewicz MC. Desulfation of sulfated galactans with chlorotrimethylsilane. Characterization of beta-carrageenan by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:1619-29. [PMID: 15183736 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2004] [Accepted: 03/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A desulfation method using chlorotrimethylsilane for treatment of pyridinium salts of sulfated galactans was developed. It proved to be appropriate for desulfation of polysaccharides of both agar and carrageenan families. In order to evaluate its efficiency in presence of the maximum content of 3,6-anhydrogalactose, it was applied to commercial kappa-carrageenan, leading to obtention of a product mainly composed by beta-carrageenan. Best experimental conditions for achieving desulfation of kappa-carrageenan--in terms of low sulfate content, high recovery and low degradation of the product--were found. In addition, the complete assignment of the 1H NMR spectrum of beta-carrageenan was achieved by means of 1D and 2D NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana A Kolender
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2--Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Totani K, Nagatsuka T, Yamaguchi S, Takao K, Ohba S, Tadano K. Highly diastereoselective 1,4-addition of an organocuprate to methyl alpha-D-gluco-, alpha-D-manno-, or alpha-D-galactopyranosides tethering an alpha,beta-unsaturated ester. Novel asymmetric access to beta-C-substituted butanoic acids. J Org Chem 2001; 66:5965-75. [PMID: 11529719 DOI: 10.1021/jo0101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 1,4-addition of magnesium divinylcuprate prepared from vinylmagnesium bromide and cuprous bromide to some 4-O-crotonyl derivatives of methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside proceeds with a high level of diastereochemical induction, providing the adduct in good-to-excellent yields. Other organocuprates also serve as effective carbon nucleophiles for the 1,4-addition. Removal of the carbohydrate moiety from each adduct afforded a variety of beta-C-substituted butanoic esters in remarkable enantiomeric excess. The 1,4-addition of the same cuprate to some methyl alpha-D-manno- or alpha-D-galactopyranosidic substrates in which a crotonyl group was incorporated, each at 3-OH, was also investigated. The reverse pi-facial attack of the cuprate was observed when some D-manno-type substrates were subjected to 1,4-addition conditions similar to those used for the D-gluco-type substrates. Furthermore, some D-galacto-type substrates provided 1,4-adducts with higher diastereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Totani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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Valdor JF, Mackie W. Synthesis of a Trisaccharide Repeating Unit Related to Arabinogalactan-Protein (AGP) Polysaccharides1. J Carbohydr Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309708007326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zuurmond H, van der Klein P, van der Marel G, van Boom J. A stereospecific approach towards the synthesis of 2-deoxy α- and β-glycosides based on a 1,2-ethyl (phenyl) thio group migration. Tetrahedron 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)80165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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