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Tamukong PK, Hoffmann MR. Low-Lying Electronic States of the Nickel Dimer. Front Chem 2021; 9:678930. [PMID: 34055745 PMCID: PMC8155684 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.678930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The generalized Van Vleck second order multireference perturbation theory (GVVPT2) method was used to investigate the low-lying electronic states of Ni2. Because the nickel atom has an excitation energy of only 0.025 eV to its first excited state (the least in the first row of transition elements), Ni2 has a particularly large number of low-lying states. Full potential energy curves (PECs) of more than a dozen low-lying electronic states of Ni2, resulting from the atomic combinations 3F4 + 3F4 and 3D3 + 3D3, were computed. In agreement with previous theoretical studies, we found the lowest lying states of Ni2 to correlate with the 3D3 + 3D3 dissociation limit, and the holes in the d-subshells were in the subspace of delta orbitals (i.e., the so-dubbed δδ-states). In particular, the ground state was determined as X 1Γg and had spectroscopic constants: bond length (Re) = 2.26 Å, harmonic frequency (ωe) = 276.0 cm−1, and binding energy (De) = 1.75 eV; whereas the 1 1Σg+ excited state (with spectroscopic constants: Re = 2.26 Å, ωe = 276.8 cm−1, and De = 1.75) of the 3D3 + 3D3 dissociation channel lay at only 16.4 cm−1 (0.002 eV) above the ground state at the equilibrium geometry. Inclusion of scalar relativistic effects through the spin-free exact two component (sf-X2C) method reduced the bond lengths of both of these two states to 2.20 Å, and increased their binding energies to 1.95 eV and harmonic frequencies to 296.0 cm−1 for X 1Γg and 297.0 cm−1 for 1 1Σg+. These values are in good agreement with experimental values of Re = 2.1545 ± 0.0004 Å, ωe = 280 ± 20 cm−1, and D0 = 2.042 ± 0.002 eV for the ground state. All states considered within the 3F4 + 3F4 dissociation channel proved to be energetically high-lying and van der Waals-like in nature. In contrast to most previous theoretical studies of Ni2, full PECs of all considered electronic states of the molecule were produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K Tamukong
- Chemistry Department, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Mark R Hoffmann
- Chemistry Department, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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Hübner O, Himmel HJ. Metal Cluster Models for Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Matrix-Isolation Perspective. Chemistry 2018; 24:8941-8961. [PMID: 29457854 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal cluster models are of high relevance for establishing new mechanistic concepts for heterogeneous catalysis. The high reactivity and particular selectivity of metal clusters is caused by the wealth of low-lying electronically excited states that are often thermally populated. Thereby the metal clusters are flexible with regard to their electronic structure and can adjust their states to be appropriate for the reaction with a particular substrate. The matrix isolation technique is ideally suited for studying excited state reactivity. The low matrix temperatures (generally 4-40 K) of the noble gas matrix host guarantee that all clusters are in their electronic ground-state (with only a very few exceptions). Electronically excited states can then be selectively populated and their reactivity probed. Unfortunately, a systematic research in this direction has not been made up to date. The purpose of this review is to provide the grounds for a directed approach to understand cluster reactivity through matrix-isolation studies combined with quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Deguin V, Mascetti J, Simon A, Ben Amor N, Aupetit C, Latournerie S, Noble JA. Photochemistry of Fe:H 2O Adducts in Argon Matrixes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study in the Mid-IR and UV-Visible Regions. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:529-542. [PMID: 29240421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photochemistry of Fe:H2O adducts is of interest in fields as diverse as catalysis and astrochemistry. Industrially, iron can be used as a catalyst to convert H2O to H2, whereas in the interstellar medium it may be an important component of dust grains, influencing the chemistry on their icy surfaces. This study consisted of the deposition and spectral characterization of binary systems of atomic iron with H2O in cryogenic argon matrixes. In this way, we were able to obtain information about the interaction of the two species; we observed the formation of adducts of iron monomers and dimers with water molecules in the mid-IR and UV-visible spectral domains. Upon irradiation with a UV radiation source, the iron species were inserted into the water molecules to form HFeOH and HFe2OH, leading in some cases to the formation of FeO possibly accompanied by the production of H2. DFT and correlated multireference wave function calculations confirmed our attributions. This combination of IR and UV-visible spectroscopy with theoretical calculations allowed us to determine, for the first time, the spectral characteristics of iron adducts and their photoproducts in the UV-visible and in the OH stretching region of the mid-IR domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Deguin
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université de Bordeaux and CNRS , 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Joëlle Mascetti
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université de Bordeaux and CNRS , 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Aude Simon
- Université Toulouse UPS CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, LCPQ IRSAMC , 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Nadia Ben Amor
- Université Toulouse UPS CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, LCPQ IRSAMC , 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Aupetit
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université de Bordeaux and CNRS , 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Sandra Latournerie
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université de Bordeaux and CNRS , 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Jennifer A Noble
- Université Lille 1, Laboratoire Physique Lasers Atomes et Molécules, CNRS , UMR 8523, F-59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France.,Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université de 806 Bordeaux and CNRS , 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence, France
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Kleshchina NN, Korchagina KA, Bezrukov DS, Buchachenko AA. Modeling of Manganese Atom and Dimer Isolated in Solid Rare Gases: Structure, Stability, and Effect on Spin Coupling. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2429-2441. [PMID: 28263615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Structures and energies of the trapping sites of manganese atom and dimer in solid Ar, Kr, and Xe are investigated within the classical model, which balances local distortion and long-range crystal order of the host and provides a means to estimate the relative site stabilities. The model is implemented with the additive pairwise potential field based on the ab initio and best empirical interatomic potential functions. In agreement with experiment, Mn single substitution (SS) and tetrahedral vacancy (TV) occupation are identified as stable for Ar and Kr, whereas the SS site is only found for Xe. Stable trapping sites of the weakly bound Mn2 dimer are shown to be the mergers of SS and/or TV atomic sites. For Ar, (SS + SS) and (TV + TV) sites are close in energy, whereas (SS + TV) site lies higher. The (SS + SS) accommodation is identified as the only stable site in Kr and Xe at low energies. The results are compared with the resonance Raman, electron spin resonance, and absorption spectroscopy data. Reproducing the numbers of stable sites, the calculations tend to underestimate the matrix effect on the dimer vibrational frequency and spin-spin coupling constant. Nonetheless, the level of agreement is found to be informative for tentative assignments of the complex features seen in Mn2 matrix isolation spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda N Kleshchina
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Kseniia A Korchagina
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Bezrukov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991, Russia.,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Skolkovo Innovation Center, Building 3, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Alexei A Buchachenko
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Skolkovo Innovation Center, Building 3, Moscow 143026, Russia
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Kalemos A. Fe2: As simple as a Herculean labour. Neutral (Fe2), cationic (Fe2+), and anionic (Fe2−) species. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:244304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4922793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Hoyer CE, Manni GL, Truhlar DG, Gagliardi L. Controversial electronic structures and energies of Fe2, ${\rm Fe}_2^ +$ Fe 2+, and ${\rm Fe}_2^ -$ Fe 2− resolved by RASPT2 calculations. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:204309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4901718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chad E. Hoyer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, USA
| | - Giovanni Li Manni
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, USA
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, USA
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, USA
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Pakiari AH, Pahlavan F. The electronic structures of small Ni(n) (n=2-4) clusters and their interactions with ethylene and triplet oxygen: a theoretical study. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:4055-66. [PMID: 25263214 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of small nickel clusters and their interacting systems are carried out using the BLYP and B97-2 methods, after DFT calibration. All bare nickel clusters in this study have high multiplicities and are paramagnetic. Our results for the interactions between ethylene and oxygen with Ni(n) (n=2-4) clusters at different adsorption modes show that for ethylene, π-orientation is preferred, and that oxygen adsorption in a bridge mode is stronger than on-top coordination. Vibrational frequency analysis reveals that the vibrational modes of ethylene π-coordinated to nickel clusters converge toward the corresponding value for surface-bound ethylene, as the cluster size increases from two to four, showing that finite clusters can be used as localized models for ligand adsorption on nickel surfaces. We also calculate DFT global reactivity descriptors, chemical potential and hardness, and use these to predict the relative stability and reactivity of each bare cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Pakiari
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Shiraz University, Eram square, Eram street 7146713565 Shiraz (Iran).
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Cheskidov AV, Buchachenko AA, Bezrukov DS. Ab initio spin-orbit calculations on the lowest states of the nickel dimer. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:214304. [PMID: 22697540 DOI: 10.1063/1.4721624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Cheskidov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Davlyatshin DI, Serebrennikov LV, Golovkin AV. Small nickel clusters: Two low-lying Ni3 states. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024409120152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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López Arvizu G, Calaminici P. Assessment of density functional theory optimized basis sets for gradient corrected functionals to transition metal systems: The case of small Nin (n⩽5) clusters. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:194102. [PMID: 17523793 DOI: 10.1063/1.2735311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional calculations have been performed for small nickel clusters, Ni(n), Ni(n) (+), and Ni(n)(-) (n<or=5), using the linear combination of Gaussian-type orbital density functional theory approach. Newly developed nickel all-electron basis sets optimized for generalized gradient approximation (GGA) as well as an all-electron basis set optimized for the local density approximation were employed. For both neutral and charged systems, several isomers and different multiplicities were studied in order to determine the lowest energy structures. A vibrational analysis was performed in order to characterize these isomers. Structural parameters, harmonic frequencies, binding energies, ionization potentials, and electron affinities are reported. This work shows that the employed GGA basis sets for the nickel atom are important for the correct prediction of the ground state structures of small nickel clusters and that the structural assignment of these systems can be performed, with a good resolution, over the ionization potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio López Arvizu
- Departamento de Quimica, CINVESTAV, Avenida Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508, Apartado Postal 14-740 07000 Mexico, Distrito Federal Mexico
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Collier MA, McCaffrey JG. The absorption and excitation spectroscopy of matrix-isolated atomic manganese: Sites of isolation in the solid rare gases. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:54503. [PMID: 15740335 DOI: 10.1063/1.1834568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study collects information from absorption and luminescence excitation spectra recorded for Mn atoms isolated in the solid rare gases Ar, Kr, and Xe and presents an analysis of the site occupancy, based on the polarizabilities of the rare gases and the observed spectral shifts. Two thermally stable sites of isolation exist for atomic Mn in solid Ar and Kr, while a single thermally stable site is present in Mn/Xe. Site occupancy assignments are based on the application of a polarizability model to the z (6)P(5/2)<--a (6)S(5/2); z (8)P(5/2)<--a (6)S(5/2), and y (6)P(5/2)<--a (6)S(5/2) electronic transitions of atomic Mn. From an analysis of the observed RG matrix-to-gas phase energy shifts for P<--S type transitions, this model allows the association of certain site types occupied by metal atoms in the rare gas solids. The required condition being a linear dependence of the matrix shifts with rare gas polarizability for those metal atoms "trapped" in a particular site type. Application of the polarizability model in conjunction with trends observed in site dominance, established a connection between the blue sites in Ar and Kr and the single site in Xe. Use of the known MgRG ground state bond lengths facilitated an identification of the sites of Mn atom isolation assuming the transference of the known MgRG bond lengths to the MnRG systems. Substitutional site occupancy of atomic Mn is assigned to the blue sites in Ar and Kr and the single site in Xe, while tetra-vacancy site occupancy is assigned to the red sites in Ar and Kr. Consistent with these assignments, Mn atoms in solid Ar show a preference for trapping in tetra-vacancy sites whereas in solid Kr, single substitutional sites are preferred and in Xe, this is the only site observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Collier
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Ireland-Maynooth, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
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Terasaki A, Matsushita A, Tono K, Yadav RT, Briere TM, Kondow T. Electronic states of the manganese dimer ion probed by photodissociation spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1330210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Ignatyev IS, Schaefer HF, King RB, Brown ST. Binuclear Homoleptic Nickel Carbonyls: Incorporation of Ni−Ni Single, Double, and Triple Bonds, Ni2(CO)x (x = 5, 6, 7). J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9914083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor S. Ignatyev
- Contribution from the Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Contribution from the Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - R. Bruce King
- Contribution from the Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Shawn T. Brown
- Contribution from the Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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Wang H, Haouari H, Craig R, Lombardi JR, Lindsay DM. Raman spectra of mass‐selected nickel dimers in argon matrices. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.471049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Pinegar JC, Langenberg JD, Arrington CA, Spain EM, Morse MD. Ni2 revisited: Reassignment of the ground electronic state. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.469562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Noro T, Ballard C, Palmer MH, Tatewaki H. The ground state of the Fe2 molecule. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.466959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ho J, Polak ML, Ervin KM, Lineberger WC. Photoelectron spectroscopy of nickel group dimers: Ni−2, Pd−2, and Pt−2. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.465577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Graham RG, Grinter R. Magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy and magnetization studies of iron atoms isolated in xenon matrices. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.457335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bier KD, Haslett TL, Kirkwood AD, Moskovits M. The resonance Raman and visible absorbance spectra of matrix isolated Mn2 and Mn3. J Chem Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1063/1.455461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Nour EM, Alfaro‐Franco C, Gingerich KA, Laane J. Spectroscopic studies of nickel and iron clusters at 12 K. J Chem Phys 1987. [DOI: 10.1063/1.452699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kelires PC, Mishra KC, Duff KJ, Das TP. Determination of the electronic configuration of the ground state of iron dimer through analysis of 57mFe Mössbauer data. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1986; 34:4529-4536. [PMID: 9940242 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.34.4529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Tomonari M, Tatewaki H, Nakamura T. The electronic structure of small nickel clusters. J Chem Phys 1986. [DOI: 10.1063/1.451047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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von Niessen W. Ionization energies of the transition metal diatomics Cu2, Ag2, Cr2, and Mo2: A Green’s function investigation. J Chem Phys 1986. [DOI: 10.1063/1.451607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Brucat PJ, Zheng L, Pettiette CL, Yang S, Smalley RE. Metal cluster ion photofragmentation. J Chem Phys 1986. [DOI: 10.1063/1.450289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chapter 7 Dispersed Metal Clusters from Metal Vapor Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(08)65378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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29
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Morse MD, Hansen GP, Langridge‐Smith PRR, Zheng L, Geusic ME, Michalopoulos DL, Smalley RE. Spectroscopic studies of the jet‐cooled nickel dimer. J Chem Phys 1984. [DOI: 10.1063/1.446646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Moskovits M, DiLella DP, Limm W. Diatomic and triatomic scandium and diatomic manganese: A resonance Raman study. J Chem Phys 1984. [DOI: 10.1063/1.446773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Tomonari M, Tatewaki H, Nakamura T. The electronic structure of small zinc clusters. Resemblance of the clusters to bulk Zn. J Chem Phys 1984. [DOI: 10.1063/1.446453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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32
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Miyoshi E, Tatewaki H, Nakamura T. Electronic structure of small copper clusters. II. Localized d hole in excited states and ionized states of Cu2 and Cu3. J Chem Phys 1983. [DOI: 10.1063/1.444781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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33
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Baumann CA, Van Zee RJ, Bhat SV, Weltner W. ESR of Mn2and Mn5molecules in rare‐gas matricesa). J Chem Phys 1983. [DOI: 10.1063/1.444540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Shim I, Gingerich KA. Ab initio HF–CI calculations of the electronic ‘‘band structure’’ in the Fe2 molecule. J Chem Phys 1982. [DOI: 10.1063/1.444120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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36
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Guenzburger D. Comments on the electronic structure of dimeric copper, as calculated with the hartree—fock—slater method. Chem Phys Lett 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(82)80213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Dietz TG, Duncan MA, Powers DE, Smalley RE. Laser production of supersonic metal cluster beams. J Chem Phys 1981. [DOI: 10.1063/1.440991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 698] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Pellin MJ, Foosnaes T, Gruen DM. Fluorescence spectrum of Mo2in argon and krypton matrices. J Chem Phys 1981. [DOI: 10.1063/1.440917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cossé C, Fouassier M, Mejean T, Tranquille M, DiLella DP, Moskovits M. Dititanium and divanadium. J Chem Phys 1980. [DOI: 10.1063/1.440143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Noell JO, Newton MD, Hay PJ, Martin RL, Bobrowicz FW. An ab initio study of the bonding in diatomic nickel. J Chem Phys 1980. [DOI: 10.1063/1.440386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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