1
|
Wu H, Gao P, Jia H, Zou L, Zhang L, Cao X, Engelhard MH, Bowden ME, Ding MS, Hu J, Hu D, Burton SD, Xu K, Wang C, Zhang JG, Xu W. A Polymer-in-Salt Electrolyte with Enhanced Oxidative Stability for Lithium Metal Polymer Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31583-31593. [PMID: 34170663 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The lithium (Li) metal polymer battery (LMPB) is a promising candidate for solid-state batteries with high safety. However, high voltage stability of such a battery has been hindered by the use of polyethylene oxide (PEO), which oxidizes at a potential lower than 4 V versus Li. Herein, we adopt the polymer-in-salt electrolyte (PISE) strategy to circumvent the disadvantage of the PEO-lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) system with EO/Li ≤ 8 through a dry ball-milling process to avoid the contamination of the residual solvent. The obtained solid-state PISEs exhibit distinctly different morphologies and coordination structures which lead to significant improvement in oxidative stability. P(EO)1LiFSI has a low melting temperature, a high ionic conductivity at 60 °C, and an oxidative stability of ∼4.5 V versus Li/Li+. With an effective interphase rich in inorganic species and a good stability of the hybrid polymer electrolyte toward Li metal, the LMPB constructed with Li||LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 can retain 74.4% of capacity after 186 cycles at 60 °C under the cutoff charge voltage of 4.3 V. The findings offer a promising pathway toward high-voltage stable polymer electrolytes for high-energy-density and safe LMPBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Wu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Peiyuan Gao
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Hao Jia
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Lianfeng Zou
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Linchao Zhang
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Xia Cao
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Mark H Engelhard
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Mark E Bowden
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Michael S Ding
- Battery Science Branch, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Jiangtao Hu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Dehong Hu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Sarah D Burton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Kang Xu
- Battery Science Branch, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Ji-Guang Zhang
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Wu Xu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng J, Wang L, Chen Y, Wang P, Zhang H, He X. PEO based polymer-ceramic hybrid solid electrolytes: a review. NANO CONVERGENCE 2021; 8:2. [PMID: 33426600 PMCID: PMC7797403 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-020-00252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Compared with traditional lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are much more environmentally friendly and much higher energy density. Besides, LIBs own the characteristics of no memory effect, high charging and discharging rate, long cycle life and high energy conversion rate. Therefore, LIBs have been widely considered as the most promising power source for mobile devices. Commonly used LIBs contain carbonate based liquid electrolytes. Such electrolytes own high ionic conductivity and excellent wetting ability. However, the use of highly flammable and volatile organic solvents in them may lead to problems like leakage, thermo runaway and parasitic interface reactions, which limit their application. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) can solve these problems, while they also bring new challenges such as poor interfacial contact with electrodes and low ionic conductivity at room temperature. Many approaches have been tried to solve these problems. This article is divided into three parts to introduce polyethylene oxide (PEO) based polymer-ceramic hybrid solid electrolyte, which is one of the most efficient way to improve the performance of SPEs. The first part focuses on polymer-lithium salt (LiX) matrices, including their ionic conduction mechanism and impact factors for their ionic conductivity. In the second part, the influence of both active and passive ceramic fillers on SPEs are reviewed. In the third part, composite SPEs' preparation methods, including solvent casting and thermocompression, are introduced and compared. Finally, we propose five key points on how to make composite SPEs with high ionic conductivity for reference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Feng
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Peiyu Wang
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Xiangming He
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ilhwan Yu
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeyoung Jeon
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Bryan Boudouris
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Yongho Joo
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gannett CN, Peterson BM, Shen L, Seok J, Fors BP, Abruña HD. Cross-linking Effects on Performance Metrics of Phenazine-Based Polymer Cathodes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2428-2435. [PMID: 31975561 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Developing cathodes that can support high charge-discharge rates would improve the power density of lithium-ion batteries. Herein, the development of high-power cathodes without sacrificing energy density is reported. N,N'-diphenylphenazine was identified as a promising charge-storage center by electrochemical studies due to its reversible, fast electron transfer at high potentials. By incorporating the phenazine redox units in a cross-linked network, a high-capacity (223 mA h g-1 ), high-voltage (3.45 V vs. Li/Li+ ) cathode material was achieved. Optimized cross-linked materials are able to deliver reversible capacities as high as 220 mA h g-1 at 120 C with minimal degradation over 1000 cycles. The work presented herein highlights the fast ionic transport and rate capabilities of amorphous organic materials and demonstrates their potential as materials with high energy and power density for next-generation electrical energy-storage technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara N Gannett
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1301, USA
| | - Brian M Peterson
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1301, USA
| | - Luxi Shen
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1301, USA
| | - Jeesoo Seok
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1301, USA
| | - Brett P Fors
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1301, USA
| | - Héctor D Abruña
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1301, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Recent Advancements in Polymer-Based Composite Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-018-0011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
6
|
Chen T, Majumdar BS. Synthesis and reactivity of asymmetric bis(sulfonyl) imides. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-160220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhaskar S. Majumdar
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, NM, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abroshan H, Dhumal NR, Shim Y, Kim HJ. Theoretical study of interactions of a Li+(CF3SO2)2N− ion pair with CR3(OCR2CR2)nOCR3 (R = H or F). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:6754-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00139d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of a lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (Li+Tf2N−) ion pair with oligoethers are investigated via density functional theory (DFT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Abroshan
- Department of Chemistry
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | | | | | - Hyung J. Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
- School of Computational Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ishibe S, Anzai K, Nakamura J, Konosu Y, Ashizawa M, Matsumoto H, Tominaga Y. Ion-conductive and mechanical properties of polyether/silica thin fiber composite electrolytes. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
9
|
Khurana R, Schaefer JL, Archer LA, Coates GW. Suppression of Lithium Dendrite Growth Using Cross-Linked Polyethylene/Poly(ethylene oxide) Electrolytes: A New Approach for Practical Lithium-Metal Polymer Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7395-402. [DOI: 10.1021/ja502133j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 624] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Khurana
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Schaefer
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lynden A. Archer
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Geoffrey W. Coates
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nguyen CA, Xiong S, Ma J, Lu X, Lee PS. High ionic conductivity P(VDF-TrFE)/PEO blended polymer electrolytes for solid electrochromic devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:13319-26. [PMID: 21706071 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01505a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solid polymer electrolytes with excellent ionic conductivity (above 10(-4) S cm(-1)), which result in high optical modulation for solid electrochromic (EC) devices are presented. The combination of a polar host matrix poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) P(VDF-TrFE) and a solid plasticized of a low molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) (M(w)≤ 20,000) blended polymer electrolyte serves to enhance both the dissolution of lithium salt and the ionic transport. Calorimetric measurement shows a reduced crystallization due to a better intermixing of the polymers with small molecular weight PEO. Vibrational spectroscopy identifies the presence of free ions and ion pairs in the electrolytes with PEO of M(w)≤ 8000. The ionic dissolution is improved using PEO as a plasticizer when compared to liquid propylene carbonate, evidently shown in the transference number analysis. Ionic transport follows the Arrhenius equation with a low activation energy (0.16-0.2 eV), leading to high ionic conductivities. Solid electrochromic devices fabricated with the blended P(VDF-TrFE)/PEO electrolytes and polyaniline show good spectroelectrochemical performance in the visible (300-800 nm) and near-infrared (0.9-2.4 μm) regions with a modulation up to 60% and fast switching speed of below 20 seconds. The successful introduction of the solid polymer electrolytes with its best harnessed qualities helps to expedite the application of various electrochemical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien A Nguyen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Geiculescu OE, Rajagopal RV, Mladin EC, Creager SE, Desmarteau DD. Solid Polymer Electrolytes from Crosslinked PEG and Dilithium N,N'-Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)perfluoroalkane-1,ω-disulfonamide and Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Salts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20081777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present work consists of a series of studies with regard to the structure and charge transport in solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) prepared using various new bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI)-based dianionic dilithium salts in crosslinked low-molecular-weight poly(ethylene glycol). Some of the thermal properties (glass transition temperature, differential molar heat capacity) and ionic conductivities were determined for both diluted (EO/Li = 30:1) and concentrated (EO/Li = 10:1) SPEs. Trends in ionic conductivity of the new SPEs with respect to anion structure revealed that while for the dilute electrolytes ionic conductivity is generally rising with increased length of the perfluoroalkylene linking group in the dianions, for the concentrated electrolytes the trend is reversed with respect to dianion length. This behavior could be the result of a combination of two factors: on one hand a decrease in dianion basicity that results in diminished ion pairing and an enhancement in the number of charge carriers with increasing fluorine anion content, thereby increasing ionic conductivity while on the other hand the increasing anion size and concentration produce an increase in the friction/entanglements of the polymeric segments which lowers even more the reduced segmental motion of the crosslinked polymer and decrease the dianion contribution to the overall ionic conductivity. DFT modeling of the same TFSI-based dianionic dilithium salts reveals that the reason for the trend observed is due to the variation in ion dissociation enthalpy, derived from minimum-energy structures, with respect to perfluoroalkylene chain length.
Collapse
|
12
|
GONG YF, FU XK, ZHANG SP, JIANG QL. Preparation of a Star Network PEG-based Gel Polymer Electrolyte and Its Application to Electrochromic Devices. CHINESE J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200790322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
13
|
Synthesis of Li[sup +] Ion Conductive PEO-PSt Block Copolymer Electrolyte with Microphase Separation Structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1149/1.1940491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
14
|
Azizi Samir MAS, Alloin F, Sanchez JY, Dufresne A. Cross-Linked Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolytes Reinforced with Cellulose Whiskers. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma049504y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- My Ahmed Saïd Azizi Samir
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI-INPG), BP 75, F38402 St Martin d'Hères, France; and Ecole Française de Papeterie et des Industries Graphiques (EFPG-INPG), BP 65, F38402 St. Martin d'Hères Cedex, France
| | - Fannie Alloin
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI-INPG), BP 75, F38402 St Martin d'Hères, France; and Ecole Française de Papeterie et des Industries Graphiques (EFPG-INPG), BP 65, F38402 St. Martin d'Hères Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Yves Sanchez
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI-INPG), BP 75, F38402 St Martin d'Hères, France; and Ecole Française de Papeterie et des Industries Graphiques (EFPG-INPG), BP 65, F38402 St. Martin d'Hères Cedex, France
| | - Alain Dufresne
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI-INPG), BP 75, F38402 St Martin d'Hères, France; and Ecole Française de Papeterie et des Industries Graphiques (EFPG-INPG), BP 65, F38402 St. Martin d'Hères Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Role of plasticizer's dielectric constant on conductivity modification of PEO–NH4F polymer electrolytes. Eur Polym J 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-3057(01)00310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
16
|
Spiegel E, Adamic K, Williams B, Sammells A. Solvation of lithium salts within single-phase dimethyl siloxane bisphenol-A carbonate block copolymer. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
Carvalho L, Guégan P, Cheradame H, Gomes A. Variation of the mesh size of PEO-based networks filled with TFSILi: from an Arrhenius to WLF type conductivity behavior. Eur Polym J 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-3057(99)00057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
18
|
Xu K, Angell C. Effect of N-substituents on protonation chemistry of trichlorophosphazenes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(99)00385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
19
|
Regiani AM, Pawlicka A, Curvelo AAS, Gandini A, Le Nest JF. Hidroxietil celulose enxertada com poliéteres. POLIMEROS 1999. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-14281999000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Foram preparadas amostras de hidroxietil celulose (HEC) enxertada com poliéteres para aplicação como eletrólitos sólidos poliméricos. Amostras comerciais de HEC foram caracterizadas por ¹H e 13C RMN, FTIR e viscosimetria, visando a determinação dos respectivos graus de substituição molar (MS), grau de substituição (DS) e grau de polimerização (DP). Amostras comerciais de diaminas de poli(óxido de etileno) (POE) e poli(óxido de propileno) (POP) foram também caracterizadas antes de serem convertidas nos correspondentes diisocianatos. As redes foram obtidas através de reações de condensação das HEC com os diisocianatos e caracterizadas por FTIR, UV-Vis, difração de raios-X e análises térmicas, a fim de definir suas Tg.
Collapse
|
20
|
Furtado CA, Silva GG, Machado JC, Pimenta MA, Silva RA. Study of Correlations between Microstructure and Conductivity in a Thermoplastic Polyurethane Electrolyte. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp984601c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Furtado
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia NuclearCDTN/CNEN, CP 941, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xu K, Day ND, Austen Angell C. A new protonation chemistry of phosphazenes and the formation of bis(sulfonyl)imides. INORG CHEM COMMUN 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1387-7003(99)00060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
22
|
Cheng TT, Wen TC. Novel water-borne polyurethane based electrolytes for lithium batteries—(I) tailor-made polymer. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(98)00372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
23
|
Laik B, Legrand L, Chausse A, Messina R. Ion–ion interactions and lithium stability in a crosslinked PEO containing lithium salts. Electrochim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(98)00247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Velazquez-Morales P, Le Nest JF, Gandini A. Polymer electrolytes derived from chitosan/polyether networks. Electrochim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(97)10030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
26
|
Borghini M, Mastragostino M, Zanelli A. Reliability of lithium batteries with crosslinked polymer electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(96)00014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
27
|
|
28
|
|
29
|
Wright PV. Ionic conductivity and organisation of macromolecular polyether–alkali-metal salt complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/jm9950501275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|