1
|
Tang T, Liu X, Yuan Y, Zhang T, Kiya R, Yang Y, Suzuki K, Tanaka Y, Li M, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y. Assessment of the electrical penetration of cell membranes using four-frequency impedance cytometry. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:68. [PMID: 35757522 PMCID: PMC9226050 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The electrical penetration of the cell membrane is vital for determining the cell interior via impedance cytometry. Herein, we propose a method for determining the conductivity of the cell membrane through the tilting levels of impedance pulses. When electrical penetration occurs, a high-frequency current freely passes through the cell membrane; thus, the intracellular distribution can directly act on the high-frequency impedance pulses. Numerical simulation shows that an uneven intracellular component distribution can affect the tilting levels of impedance pulses, and the tilting levels start increasing when the cell membrane is electrically penetrated. Experimental evidence shows that higher detection frequencies (>7 MHz) lead to a wider distribution of the tilting levels of impedance pulses when measuring cell populations with four-frequency impedance cytometry. This finding allows us to determine that a detection frequency of 7 MHz is able to pass through the membrane of Euglena gracilis (E. gracilis) cells. Additionally, we provide a possible application of four-frequency impedance cytometry in the biomass monitoring of single E. gracilis cells. High-frequency impedance (≥7 MHz) can be applied to monitor these biomass changes, and low-frequency impedance (<7 MHz) can be applied to track the corresponding biovolume changes. Overall, this work demonstrates an easy determination method for the electrical penetration of the cell membrane, and the proposed platform is applicable for the multiparameter assessment of the cell state during cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Xun Liu
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Yapeng Yuan
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tianlong Zhang
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109 NSW Australia
| | - Ryota Kiya
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000 P. R. China
| | | | - Yo Tanaka
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109 NSW Australia
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ebenezer TE, Carrington M, Lebert M, Kelly S, Field MC. Euglena gracilis Genome and Transcriptome: Organelles, Nuclear Genome Assembly Strategies and Initial Features. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 979:125-140. [PMID: 28429320 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54910-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Euglena gracilis is a major component of the aquatic ecosystem and together with closely related species, is ubiquitous worldwide. Euglenoids are an important group of protists, possessing a secondarily acquired plastid and are relatives to the Kinetoplastidae, which themselves have global impact as disease agents. To understand the biology of E. gracilis, as well as to provide further insight into the evolution and origins of the Kinetoplastidae, we embarked on sequencing the nuclear genome; the plastid and mitochondrial genomes are already in the public domain. Earlier studies suggested an extensive nuclear DNA content, with likely a high degree of repetitive sequence, together with significant extrachromosomal elements. To produce a list of coding sequences we have combined transcriptome data from both published and new sources, as well as embarked on de novo sequencing using a combination of 454, Illumina paired end libraries and long PacBio reads. Preliminary analysis suggests a surprisingly large genome approaching 2 Gbp, with a highly fragmented architecture and extensive repeat composition. Over 80% of the RNAseq reads from E. gracilis maps to the assembled genome sequence, which is comparable with the well assembled genomes of T. brucei and T. cruzi. In order to achieve this level of assembly we employed multiple informatics pipelines, which are discussed here. Finally, as a preliminary view of the genome architecture, we discuss the tubulin and calmodulin genes, which highlight potential novel splicing mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ThankGod Echezona Ebenezer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Mark Carrington
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Michael Lebert
- Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraβe 5, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Steven Kelly
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.
| | - Mark C Field
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Induced and Spontaneous Polyploidization in Large Aniebas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
|
7
|
Estève J, Nicolas P, Nigon V. Fitting survival curves with theoretical models; goodness-of-fit tests and parameter estimation. application to the clonal survival of Chlorella and the chloroplastic survival of Euglena gracilis after irradiation. Math Biosci 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0025-5564(78)90101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Nigon V, Heizmann P. Morphology, Biochemistry, and Genetics of Plastid Development in Euglena gracilis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|