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Lerebours A, Regini J, Quinlan RA, Wada T, Pierscionek B, Devonshire M, Kalligeraki AA, Uwineza A, Young L, Girkin JM, Warwick P, Smith K, Hoshino M, Uesugi K, Yagi N, Terrill N, Shebanova O, Snow T, Smith JT. Evaluation of cataract formation in fish exposed to environmental radiation at Chernobyl and Fukushima. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:165957. [PMID: 37543314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies apparently finding deleterious effects of radiation exposure on cataract formation in birds and voles living near Chernobyl represent a major challenge to current radiation protection regulations. This study conducted an integrated assessment of radiation exposure on cataractogenesis using the most advanced technologies available to assess the cataract status of lenses extracted from fish caught at both Chernobyl in Ukraine and Fukushima in Japan. It was hypothesised that these novel data would reveal positive correlations between radiation dose and early indicators of cataract formation. The structure, function and optical properties of lenses were analysed from atomic to millimetre length scales. We measured the short-range order of the lens crystallin proteins using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) at both the SPring-8 and DIAMOND synchrotrons, the profile of the graded refractive index generated by these proteins, the epithelial cell density and organisation and finally the focal length of each lens. The results showed no evidence of a difference between the focal length, the epithelial cell densities, the refractive indices, the interference functions and the short-range order of crystallin proteins (X-ray diffraction patterns) in lens from fish exposed to different radiation doses. It could be argued that animals in the natural environment which developed cataract would be more likely, for example, to suffer predation leading to survivor bias. But the cross-length scale study presented here, by evaluating small scale molecular and cellular changes in the lens (pre-cataract formation) significantly mitigates against this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélaïde Lerebours
- School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, United Kingdom; School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, United Kingdom
| | - Justyn Regini
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff CA10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Roy A Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Toshihiro Wada
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Barbara Pierscionek
- Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Bishop Hall Lane, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Devonshire
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, United Kingdom
| | - Alexia A Kalligeraki
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Uwineza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Young
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - John M Girkin
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Phil Warwick
- GAU-Radioanalytical, University of Southampton, NOCS, European way, SO14 6HT Southampton,United Kingdom
| | - Kurt Smith
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Masato Hoshino
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (Spring-8), 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uesugi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (Spring-8), 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Naoto Yagi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (Spring-8), 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Nick Terrill
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Olga Shebanova
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Tim Snow
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Jim T Smith
- School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, United Kingdom.
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Söderberg PG. Mass alteration in the lens after exposure to radiation in the 300 nm wavelength region. Acta Ophthalmol 1989; 67:633-44. [PMID: 2618631 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1989.tb04395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present investigation was to elucidate whether radiation in the 300 nm wavelength region (300 nm UVR) induces an alteration of lens mass. Lenses from 12 rabbits were incubated in vitro and the relative wet mass gain was recorded sequentially. The wet mas gain, at 30-40 h postictal interval, was greater in lenses exposed to 3.0-6.0 kJ/m2 300 nm UVR than in non-exposed contralaterals. The coefficients of variation were between 6-10% in determinations of wet mass, dry mass, and mass of lens water in Sprague Dawley rat lenses, the variation among animals being the largest source of inprecision. One eye in each of 80 rats was exposed in vivo to 30 kJ/m2 300 nm UVR, and the rats were sacrificed in groups at consecutive postictal intervals. The in vivo exposure of a lens to 300 nm UVR induced a water accumulation after around 24 h and a reduced increase of dry mass, as compared to in the contralateral non-exposed lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Söderberg
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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