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Srivastava PK, Singh S. Immobilization and applications of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: a review. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 43:376-84. [PMID: 23464920 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2012.738274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Immobilized enzymes have been used extensively in the fields of food industry, materials processing, textiles, detergents, biochemical and chemical industries, biotechnology, and pharmaceuticals. Studies on immobilization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase have been less extensive than those for other industrially applicable enzymes. Immobilization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase has been carried out for the formation of biosensors for the estimation of glucose, ATP, phosphate, and so on. The present review deals with the attempts made for immobilization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and its applications for various purposes.
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Mark SS, Stolper SI, Baratti C, Park JY, Kricka LJ. Biofunctionalization of aqueous dispersed, alumina membrane-templated polymer nanorods for use in enzymatic chemiluminescence assays. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 65:230-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 04/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mark SS, Stolper SI, Baratti C, Park JY, Taku MA, Santiago-Avilés JJ, Kricka LJ. Bioconjugation of Alkaline Phosphatase to Mechanically Processed, Aqueous Suspendible Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers for Use in Chemiluminescent Detection Assays. Macromol Biosci 2008; 8:484-98. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200800016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Field G, Royer P. Immobilized Enzymes Catalysis Reviews. 1978. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/03602458008066529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Everse J, Ginsburgh CL, Kaplan NO. Immobilized enzymes in biochemical analysis. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2006; 25:135-201. [PMID: 372734 DOI: 10.1002/9780470110454.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Jogie S, Narinesingh D, Ngo TT. Aza-Arenophilic Gels as Supports for the Reversible Immobilization of Enzymes—Bioanalytical Applications. ANAL LETT 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719808001860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
The principal problems associated with the application of immobilized coenzymcdependent enzymes in biotechnology are discussed. Particular emphasis is laid on the problems encountered in the covalent immobilization of the nicotinamide nucleotide oxidoreductases and on the special problems posed by the freely dissociable coenzyme. Thus the influence of the immobilization regime on the specific activity and stability of such enzymes and the techniques available for the immobilization, retention and regeneration of the coenzyme moiety are discussed. The solution of the dual problem of retention and regeneration by co-immobilized enzyme-coenzyme systems and the applications of enzyme-coenzyme systems in industry, medicine and analysis are also given. Finally, this report speculates on the future prospects for enzyme-coenzyme systems in biotechnology, how some of the problems may be resolved and how, in some cases, quasi-biological or non-biological systems may represent useful alternatives.
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Van Ness J, Kalbfleisch S, Petrie CR, Reed MW, Tabone JC, Vermeulen NM. A versatile solid support system for oligodeoxynucleotide probe-based hybridization assays. Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19:3345-50. [PMID: 2062652 PMCID: PMC328333 DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.12.3345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A procedure for immobilization of well-defined quantities of oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) to a versatile nylon support is described. The solid support, a nylon-6/6 bead, is covalently coated with poly(ethyleneimine) to provide a reactive spacer-arm for attachment of ODNs. 5'-Aminohexyl-tailed ODNs are selectively activated using 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (cyanuric chloride) and then covalently attached to the bead via the triazine moiety. The modified nylon support has a low level of binding of nonspecific nucleic acid and efficiently captures both RNA and DNA targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Van Ness
- MicroProbe Corporation, Bothell, WA 98021
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Coughlan MP, Kierstan MP, Border PM, Turner AP. Analytical applications of immobilised proteins and cells. J Microbiol Methods 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-7012(88)90039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jain P, Wilkins ES. Cellulase immobilized on modified nylon for saccharification of cellulose. Biotechnol Bioeng 1987; 30:1057-62. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260300908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lobarzewski J, Paszczynski A, Wolski T, Fiedurek J. Keratin and polyamide-coated inorganic matrices as supports for glucoamylase immobilization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1984; 121:220-8. [PMID: 6203529 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)90710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previously solubilized feather keratin and polyamide were used for coating sand, glass beads and silica gel. These new seven supports were employed for comparative studies on pure glucoamylase / EC 3.2.1.3 / immobilization. The immobilization yield of glucoamylase on keratin and polyamide coated supports was comparable with conventional matrices used earlier. The highest activity per 1 g of support was shown by the enzyme bound to polyamide-coated CPG, and the bests operational stability by the enzyme immobilized on polyamide-coated CPG with keratin subsequently deposited on it.
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Abstract
A potential application of plant proteins could be a replacement of animal proteins now in use in the food industry on the basis of certain specific functional properties plant proteins have. Modification of the chemical structure of selected plant proteins is needed to replace more expensive animal proteins as food ingredients that have specific functional characteristics. Structure modification may be achieved by physical, chemical, or microbiological methods, or by a combination of these. Immobilized enzyme techniques offer significant advantages for protein modification. Knowledge of the molecular properties of plant proteins is essential to understand the basis of protein functionality, to modify proteins so that they acquire desirable functional properties, and to predict potential applications of modified plant proteins. This paper reviews all the above mentioned aspects of plant protein chemistry and potential utilization.
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Hammons JL, Coleman GN. Stability studies of immobilized enzyme stir rods. Biotechnol Bioeng 1982; 24:1773-88. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260240805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Guesdon JL, Avrameas S. Solid Phase Enzyme Immunoassays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-041103-0.50011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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16
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Open Tubular Heterogeneous Enzyme Reactors in Continuous-Flow Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-041103-0.50007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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17
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Mazid MA, Laidler KJ. Flow kinetics of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase attached to nylon tubing. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 614:225-36. [PMID: 6996730 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(80)90212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1) was attached covalently to the inner surface of nylon tubing, and the immobilized enzyme retained its activity over a period of months. A study was made of the flow kinetics for the reaction between ethanol and NAD. With the ethanol held at saturating concentrations there was partial diffusion control, the extent decreasing with increasing flow rate and increasing NAD concentration. With the NAD at saturating concentrations there was no appreciable diffusion control. The apparent Michaelis constants varied with flow rate vf, being linear in vf-1/3, and extrapolation to infinite flow rate (vf-1/3 = 0) gave the intrinsic Michaelis constants. The inhibition by products was also studied. The results for both NADH and acetaldehyde showed mixed competitive and non-competitive inhibition, with a preponderance of the former. Acetaldehyde is the stronger inhibitor, and this is consistent with the lack of dissusion control with variable ethanol. Inhibition by acetaldehyde is not affected by flow rate, but inhibition by NADH is affected, presumably because of the greater degree of diffusion control with variable NAD.
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Campbell J, Chawla AS, Chang TM. The use of immobilized enzyme-membranes sandwich reactors in automated analysis. Anal Biochem 1977; 83:330-5. [PMID: 920951 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(77)90545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Bisse E, Vonderschmitt DJ. The preparation of immobilized glucose dehydrogenase and its use in automated analysis. FEBS Lett 1977; 81:326-30. [PMID: 923803 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Miller JN, Rocks BF, Burns DT. Preparation and properties of horseradish peroxidase bound covalently to polystyrene beads. Application in the semi-automatic determination of hydrogen peroxide with homovanillic acid as substrate. Anal Chim Acta 1976; 86:93-101. [PMID: 973687 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)83022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Campbell J, Hornby WE. Immobilized glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase. Steady state kinetic analysis and stability studies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 403:79-88. [PMID: 1174551 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(75)90010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
1. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1) was immobilized on amino ethyl cellulose using the bifunctional reagent diethyl adipimidate. 2. The steady state kinetic analysis was performed for the particulate and the free enzyme, and the Michaelis constants measured for the amino ethyl cellulose derivative were not greatly different from those measured for the free glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, while the latter were in good agreement with values in the literature. 3. The amino ethyl cellulose-glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase was slightly more stable than the free enzyme at 65 degrees C, but was stabilised less by polyethylene glycol than the free enzyme.
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C-AMPBELL J, Chang TM. Epnzymatric recycling of coenzymes by a multi-enzyme system immobilized within semipermeable collodion microcapsules. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 397:101-9. [PMID: 1148255 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(75)90183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hexokinase (ATP:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase EC 2.7.1.2) and pyruvate kinase (ATP:pyruvate 2-0-phosphotransferase EC 2.7.1.40) were co-immobilized within semipermeable collodion microcapsules. The resulting microcapsules displayed excellent hexokinase and pyruvate kinase activities, with the measured pyruvate kinase activity considerably greater than that measured for hexokinase. The co-immobilized enzymes, when used sequentially were capable of recycling both ATP and ADP when exposed to the appropriate conditions. Furthermore, when exposed to limiting amounts of coenzyme, the cycles were capable of reusing the total amount of coenzyme supplied at least three times in 90 min. The use of microencapsulation to produce partially "self sufficient" enzyme systems is discussed.
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Morris DL, Campbell J, Hornby WE. The preparation of nylon-tube-supported hexokinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the use of the co-immobilized enzymes in the automated determination of glucose. Biochem J 1975; 147:593-603. [PMID: 1167161 PMCID: PMC1165487 DOI: 10.1042/bj1470593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate was used to O-alkylate nylon-tube thus producing the imidate salt of the nylon which was further made to react with 1,6-diaminohexane. 2. Hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) were immobilized on the amino-substituted nylon tube through glutaraldeyde and bisimidates. 3. The effect of varying the conditions of O-alkylation and the amount of enzyme immobilized on the activity of nylon tube-hexokinase derivatives was determined. 4. The effect of varying the amount of enzyme immobilized on the activity of nylon-tube-glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase derivatives was determined. 5. The thermal stability of nylon-tube-hexokinase and nylon-tube-glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase derivatives was studied. 6. Different ratios of hexokinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were co-immobilized on nylon tube, and the rate of conversion of glucose into 6-phosphogluconolactone was compared with the individual activities of the immobilized enzymes. 7. Hexokinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase co-immobilized on nylon tube were used in the automated analysis of glucose.
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Campbell J, Hornby WE, Morris DL. The preparation of several new nylon tube-glucose oxidase derivatives and their incorporation into the "reagentless" automated analysis of glucose. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 384:307-16. [PMID: 1125254 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(75)90032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nylon tube was activated by alkylation with dimethyl sulfate and used for the immobilization of glucose oxidase. Lysine, hexamethylene diamine and polyethylene imine were also attached to activated nylon tube, and these nylon tube-spacer derivatives were reactivated with either glutaraldehyde or ethyl adipimidate for the subsequent coupling of glucose oxidase. The activities of all of the different nylon tube-glucose oxidase derivatives were compared by their incorporation into standard Technicon automated analysis systems. Activities were measured either spectrophotometrically, by following the production of hydrogen peroxide using an acid/KI assay, or polarographically by following the decrease in the oxygen concentration using a flow-through oxygen electrode assembly. The activity and stability of all of the nylon tube-glucose oxidase derivatives was such that their use in the routine estimation of glucose levels was an attractive proposition.
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Inman DJ, Hornby WE. Preparation of some immobilized linked enzyme systems and their use in the automated determination of disaccharides. Biochem J 1974; 137:25-32. [PMID: 4206908 PMCID: PMC1166076 DOI: 10.1042/bj1370025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
1. Glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4), amyloglucosidase (EC 3.2.1.3), invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) and beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) were covalently attached via glutaraldehyde to the inside surface of nylon tube. 2. The linked enzyme system, comprising invertase immobilized within a nylon tube acting in series with glucose oxidase immobilized in a similar way, was used for the automated determination of sucrose. 3. The linked enzyme system, comprising beta-galactosidase immobilized within a nylon tube acting in series with glucose oxidase immobilized in a similar way, was used for the automated determination of lactose. 4. The linked enzyme system, comprising amyloglucosidase immobilized within a nylon tube acting in series with glucose oxidase immobilized in a similar way, was used for the automated determination of maltose. 5. Mixtures of glucose oxidase and amyloglucosidase were immobilized within the same piece of nylon tube and used for the automated determination of maltose. 6. Mixtures of glucose oxidase and invertase were immobilized within the same piece of nylon tube and used for the automated determination of sucrose.
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Newirth TL, Diegelman MA, Pye EK, Kallen RG. Multiple immobilized enzyme reactors: determination of pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate concentrations using immobilized lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase. Biotechnol Bioeng 1973; 15:1089-100. [PMID: 4358260 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260150608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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