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Yu Z, Hu P, Xu Y, Bao Q, Ni D, Wei C, Shi J. Efficient Gene Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer via a Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA)-Loaded Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) Nanoplatform. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907233. [PMID: 32406198 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignant tumors with extremely poor prognosis due to the later stage diagnosis when surgical resection is no longer applicable. Alternatively, the traditional gene therapy which drives pancreatic cancer cells into an inactive state and inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis, presents potentials to safely inhibit pancreatic cancer progression, but unfortunately has received limited success to date. Here, an efficient gene therapy of pancreatic cancer is shown via a peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-loaded layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanoplatform. Compared with the traditional DNA- or RNA-based gene therapies, the gene therapy using PNA features great advantages in recognizing and hybridizing with the target mutant sequences to form PNA-DNA hybrids with significantly enhanced stability due to the absence of electrostatic repulsion, and the constrained flexibility of the polyamide backbone. Moreover, ultrasmall LDHs are engineered to load PNA and the obtained PNA-loaded LDH platform (LDHs/PNA) is capable of efficiently and selectively targeting the intranuclear mutant sequences thanks to the proton sponge effect. Treatments with LDHs/PNA demonstrate markedly inhibited growth of pancreatic cancer xenografts via a cancer cell proliferation suppression mechanism. The results demonstrate the great potentials of LDHs/PNA as a highly promising gene therapy agent for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding-Xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding-Xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding-Xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Qunqun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding-Xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Dalong Ni
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding-Xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding-Xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding-Xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
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Abstract
The unique ability of homopyrimidine peptide nucleic acid (PNA) to strand invade homopurine sites of duplex DNA offers a potential alternative to existing techniques for rapid detection of PCR products. From gel shift studies, PNA was found to specifically strand invade homopurine sites that had been incorporated into an amplicon during the PCR cycle. This was achieved by adding a homopyrimidine sequence to the 5'-terminus of a PCR primer. The position of the strand invasion sites at the termini of the DNA duplex offers kinetic advantages for PNA strand invasion, since the termini of DNA duplexes are known to be unwound. This unwound state was demonstrated using a novel assay that determined single-stranded regions within the amplicon. The presence of the PNA moiety in strand invasion complexes was confirmed by a novel electroblot, an Enzyme Linked Nucleic Acid assay and by an increase in stability as demonstrated by T(m)studies with the Idaho RapidCycler. Since the strand invasion sites can be controlled through selection of the homopurine sequence there is great flexibility for designing strand invasion motifs unique to a particular PCR amplicon, thus providing a huge potential for differentiating and detecting multiplex PCR products.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Drewe
- DERA CBD Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JQ, UK.
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Armitage B, Ly D, Koch T, Frydenlund H, Orum H, Schuster GB. Hairpin-forming peptide nucleic acid oligomers. Biochemistry 1998; 37:9417-25. [PMID: 9649324 DOI: 10.1021/bi9729458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of partially self-complementary peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers was prepared. Examination of their melting behavior, circular dichroism spectra, and fluorescence properties reveals that these PNA oligomers exist as stem-loop ("hairpin") structures. Fluorescence is readily observed in hairpins containing a covalently linked, emissive acridine derivative which is, at least partially, intercalated in the duplex region of the PNA hairpin. The acridine fluorescence is quenched when an anthraquinone derivative is covalently attached to the PNA so that it is bound near the acridine in the hairpin structure. Acridine fluorescence is restored in hairpins containing both the anthraquinone and the acridine by increasing the temperature and melting the structure to its linear form or by opening the hairpin through formation of a hybrid duplex with complementary DNA. The latter process may form the basis for development of selective and sensitive DNA assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Armitage
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332-0400, USA
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