1
|
Savchenko T, Degtyaryov E, Radzyukevich Y, Buryak V. Therapeutic Potential of Plant Oxylipins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314627. [PMID: 36498955 PMCID: PMC9741157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For immobile plants, the main means of protection against adverse environmental factors is the biosynthesis of various secondary (specialized) metabolites. The extreme diversity and high biological activity of these metabolites determine the researchers' interest in plants as a source of therapeutic agents. Oxylipins, oxygenated derivatives of fatty acids, are particularly promising in this regard. Plant oxylipins, which are characterized by a diversity of chemical structures, can exert protective and therapeutic properties in animal cells. While the therapeutic potential of some classes of plant oxylipins, such as jasmonates and acetylenic oxylipins, has been analyzed thoroughly, other oxylipins are barely studied in this regard. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic potential of all major classes of plant oxylipins, including derivatives of acetylenic fatty acids, jasmonates, six- and nine-carbon aldehydes, oxy-, epoxy-, and hydroxy-derivatives of fatty acids, as well as spontaneously formed phytoprostanes and phytofurans. The presented analysis will provide an impetus for further research investigating the beneficial properties of these secondary metabolites and bringing them closer to practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Savchenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Evgeny Degtyaryov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Puschchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Prospect Nauki st., 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Yaroslav Radzyukevich
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vlada Buryak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, str. 51, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Biocatalytic Synthesis of Natural Green Leaf Volatiles Using the Lipoxygenase Metabolic Pathway. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In higher plants, the lipoxygenase enzymatic pathway combined actions of several enzymes to convert lipid substrates into signaling and defense molecules called phytooxylipins including short chain volatile aldehydes, alcohols, and esters, known as green leaf volatiles (GLVs). GLVs are synthesized from C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids that are oxygenated by lipoxygenase (LOX) to form corresponding hydroperoxides, then the action of hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) produces C6 or C9 aldehydes that can undergo isomerization, dehydrogenation, and esterification. GLVs are commonly used as flavors to confer a fresh green odor of vegetable to perfumes, cosmetics, and food products. Given the increasing demand in these natural flavors, biocatalytic processes using the LOX pathway reactions constitute an interesting application. Vegetable oils, chosen for their lipid profile are converted in natural GLVs with high added value. This review describes the enzymatic reactions of GLVs biosynthesis in the plant, as well as the structural and functional properties of the enzymes involved. The various stages of the biocatalytic production processes are approached from the lipid substrate to the corresponding aldehyde or alcoholic aromas, as well as the biotechnological improvements to enhance the production potential of the enzymatic catalysts.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ogorodnikova AV, Mukhitova FK, Chechetkin IR, Khairutdinov BI, Grechkin AN. Detection of Divinyl Ether Synthase Activity and a Novel Oxylipin (1'Z)–Colneleic Acid in Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.). RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
4
|
Ciaramella A, Minerdi D, Gilardi G. Catalytically self-sufficient cytochromes P450 for green production of fine chemicals. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-016-0581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
5
|
Savchenko TV, Zastrijnaja OM, Klimov VV. Oxylipins and plant abiotic stress resistance. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:362-75. [PMID: 24910209 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxylipins are signaling molecules formed enzymatically or spontaneously from unsaturated fatty acids in all aerobic organisms. Oxylipins regulate growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli of organisms. The oxylipin biosynthesis pathway in plants includes a few parallel branches named after first enzyme of the corresponding branch as allene oxide synthase, hydroperoxide lyase, divinyl ether synthase, peroxygenase, epoxy alcohol synthase, and others in which various biologically active metabolites are produced. Oxylipins can be formed non-enzymatically as a result of oxygenation of fatty acids by free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Spontaneously formed oxylipins are called phytoprostanes. The role of oxylipins in biotic stress responses has been described in many published works. The role of oxylipins in plant adaptation to abiotic stress conditions is less studied; there is also obvious lack of available data compilation and analysis in this area of research. In this work we analyze data on oxylipins functions in plant adaptation to abiotic stress conditions, such as wounding, suboptimal light and temperature, dehydration and osmotic stress, and effects of ozone and heavy metals. Modern research articles elucidating the molecular mechanisms of oxylipins action by the methods of biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetics are reviewed here. Data on the role of oxylipins in stress signal transduction, stress-inducible gene expression regulation, and interaction of these metabolites with other signal transduction pathways in cells are described. In this review the general oxylipin-mediated mechanisms that help plants to adjust to a broad spectrum of stress factors are considered, followed by analysis of more specific responses regulated by oxylipins only under certain stress conditions. New approaches to improvement of plant resistance to abiotic stresses based on the induction of oxylipin-mediated processes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T V Savchenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ogorodnikova AV, Mukhitova FK, Grechkin AN. Screening of divinyl ether synthase activity in nonphotosynthetic tissue of asparagales. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2013; 449:116-8. [DOI: 10.1134/s1607672913020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
7
|
Gogolev YV, Gorina SS, Gogoleva NE, Toporkova YY, Chechetkin IR, Grechkin AN. Green leaf divinyl ether synthase: gene detection, molecular cloning and identification of a unique CYP74B subfamily member. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1821:287-94. [PMID: 22155387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes of the CYP74 family (P450 superfamily) play a key role in the plant lipoxygenase signalling cascade. Recently we detected a pathogen inducible divinyl ether synthase (DES) in flax leaves [Chechetkin, Blufard, Hamberg, Grechkin, 2008]. This prompted us to examine the CYP74 genes in the flax leaf transcriptome. Since the flax genome is not sequenced, we used the PCR approach with degenerate primers related to the conserved domains of selected CYP74 genes; this revealed several CYP74 transcripts in flax leaves. One transcript belongs to the previously described allene oxide synthase (LuAOS, CYP74A, GenBank ID: U00428.1). Another one contains the ORF (1473 bp) of an unknown CYP74B16 gene. Three more nearly identical sequences, including one expressed pseudogene, were also identified. The recombinant CYP74B16 protein expressed in Escherichia coli had 491 amino acid residues and MW of 56 kDa. The preferred substrate of this enzyme is the 13-hydroperoxide of α-linolenic acid, and the reaction product was identified by mass spectrometry, NMR and UV spectroscopy as the divinyl ether (9Z,11E)-12-[(1'Z,3'Z)-hexadienyloxy]-9,11-dodecadienoic acid, (ω5Z)-etherolenic acid. All previously known CYP74B subfamily enzymes are hydroperoxide lyases. The novel flax enzyme CYP74B16 (LuDES) is an unprecedented DES member of the CYP74B subfamily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri V Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemisty and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Street 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bonaventure G, Schuck S, Baldwin IT. Revealing complexity and specificity in the activation of lipase-mediated oxylipin biosynthesis: a specific role of the Nicotiana attenuata GLA1 lipase in the activation of jasmonic acid biosynthesis in leaves and roots. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2011; 34:1507-20. [PMID: 21554327 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The activation of enzymatic oxylipin biosynthesis upon wounding, herbivory and pathogen attack depends on the biochemical activation of lipases that make polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) available to lipoxygenases (LOXs). The identity and number of the lipases involved in this process remain controversial and they probably differ among plant species. Analysis of transgenic Nicotiana attenuata plants (ir-gla1) stably reduced in the expression of the NaGLA1 gene showed that this plastidial glycerolipase is a major supplier of trienoic fatty acids for jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis in leaves and roots after wounding and simulated herbivory, but not during infection with the oomycete Phytophthora parasitica (var. nicotianae). NaGLA1 was not essential for the developmental control of JA biosynthesis in flowers and for the biosynthesis of C(6) volatiles by the hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) pathway; however, it affected the metabolism of divinyl ethers (DVEs) early during infection with P. parasitica (var. nicotianae) and the accumulation of NaDES1 and NaLOX1 mRNAs. Profiling of lysolipids by LC-MS/MS was consistent with a rapid activation of NaGLA1 and indicated that this lipase utilizes different lipid classes as substrates. The results revealed the complexity and specificity of the regulation of lipase-mediated oxylipin biosynthesis, highlighting the existence of pathway- and stimulus-specific lipases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Bonaventure
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Göbel C, Feussner I. Methods for the analysis of oxylipins in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:1485-503. [PMID: 19735927 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant oxylipins comprise a highly diverse and complex class of molecules that are derived from lipid oxidation. The initial oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids may either occur by enzymatic or chemical reactions. A large variety of oxylipin classes are generated by an array of alternative reactions further converting hydroperoxy fatty acids. The structural diversity of oxylipins is further increased by their occurrence either as free fatty acid derivatives or as esters in complex lipids. Lipid peroxidation is common to all biological systems, appearing in developmentally regulated processes and as a response to environmental changes. The oxylipins formed may perform various biological roles; some of them have signaling functions. In order to elucidate the roles of oxylipins in a given biological context, comprehensive analytical assays are available for determining the oxylipin profiles of plant tissues. This review summarizes indirect methods to estimate the general peroxidation state of a sample and more sophisticated techniques for the identification, structure determination and quantification of oxylipins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Göbel
- Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Science, Department of Plant Biochemistry, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chechetkin IR, Mukhitova FK, Blufard AS, Yarin AY, Antsygina LL, Grechkin AN. Unprecedented pathogen-inducible complex oxylipins from flax - linolipins A and B. FEBS J 2009; 276:4463-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
11
|
Ogorodnikova AV, Latypova LR, Mukhitova FK, Mukhtarova LS, Grechkin AN. Detection of divinyl ether synthase in Lily-of-the-Valley (Convallaria majalis) roots. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:2793-2798. [PMID: 18952245 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Incubations of linoleic acid with cell-free preparations from Lily-of-the-Valley (Convallaria majalis L., Ruscaceae) roots revealed the presence of 13-lipoxygenase and divinyl ether synthase (DES) activities. Exogenous linoleic acid was metabolized predominantly into (9Z,11E,1'E)-12-(1'-hexenyloxy)-9,11-dodecadienoic (etheroleic) acid. Its identification was confirmed by the data of ultraviolet spectroscopy, mass spectra, (1)H NMR, COSY, catalytic hydrogenation. The isomeric divinyl ether (8E,1'E,3'Z)-12-(1',3'-nonadienyloxy)-8-nonenoic (colneleic) acid was detected as a minor product. Incubations with linoleic acid hydroperoxides revealed that 13-hydroperoxide was a preferential substrate, while the 9-hydroperoxide was utilized with lesser efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Ogorodnikova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Street 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chechetkin IR, Blufard A, Hamberg M, Grechkin AN. A lipoxygenase-divinyl ether synthase pathway in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) leaves. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:2008-2015. [PMID: 18538807 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Incubation of linoleic acid with an enzyme preparation from leaves of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) led to the formation of a divinyl ether fatty acid, i.e. (9Z,11E,1'Z)-12-(1'-hexenyloxy)-9,11-dodecadienoic [(omega5Z)-etheroleic] acid, as well as smaller amounts of 13-hydroxy-9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid. The 13-hydroperoxide of linoleic acid afforded the same set of products, whereas incubations of alpha-linolenic acid and its 13-hydroperoxide afforded the divinyl ether (9Z,11E,1'Z,3'Z)-12-(1',3'-hexadienyloxy)-9,11-dodecadienoic [(omega5Z)-etherolenic] as the main product. Identification of both divinyl ethers was substantiated by their UV, mass-, (1)H NMR and COSY spectral data. In addition to the 13-lipoxygenase and divinyl ether synthase activities demonstrated by these results, flax leaves also contained allene oxide synthase activity as judged by the presence of endogenously formed (15Z)-cis-12-oxo-10,15-phytodienoic acid in all incubations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan R Chechetkin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yakovleva VG, Tarchevsky IA, Egorova AM. A salicylate-induced change in the protein composition and content in pea roots. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2007; 415:228-31. [PMID: 17933342 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672907040175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V G Yakovleva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
"Heterolytic" hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) and divinyl ether synthase (DES) are important enzymes of the plant lipoxygenase pathway. HPL cleaves fatty acid hydroperoxides into the aldehyde fragments. DES converts hydroperoxides into the divinyl ethers. The present paper is concerned with recent studies on HPL and DES including their occurrence, properties, mechanisms of action, the cloning of their cDNAs and physiological importance of the enzymes and their products.
Collapse
|
15
|
Noordermeer MA, Veldink GA, Vliegenthart JF. Fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase: a plant cytochrome p450 enzyme involved in wound healing and pest resistance. Chembiochem 2001; 2:494-504. [PMID: 11828481 DOI: 10.1002/1439-7633(20010803)2:7/8<494::aid-cbic494>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Plants continuously have to defend themselves against life-threatening events such as drought, mechanical damage, temperature stress, and potential pathogens. Nowadays, more and more similarities between the defense mechanism of plants and that of animals are being discovered. In both cases, the lipoxygenase pathway plays an important role. In plants, products of this pathway are involved in wound healing, pest resistance, and signaling, or they have antimicrobial and antifungal activity. The first step in the lipoxygenase pathway is the reaction of linoleic or linolenic acids with molecular oxygen, catalyzed by the enzyme lipoxygenase. The hydroperoxy fatty acids thus formed are highly reactive and dangerous for the plant and therefore further metabolized by other enzymes such as allene oxide synthase, hydroperoxide lyase, peroxygenase, or divinyl ether synthase. Recently, these enzymes have been characterized as a special class of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Hydroperoxide lyases cleave the lipoxygenase products, resulting in the formation of omega-oxo acids and volatile C6- and C9-aldehydes and -alcohols. These compounds are major contributors to the characteristic "fresh green" odor of fruit and vegetables. They are widely used as food flavors, for example, to restore the freshness of food after sterilization processes. The low abundance of these compounds in nature and the high demand make it necessary to synthesize them on a large scale. Lipoxygenase and hydroperoxide lyase are suitable biocatalysts for the production of "natural" food flavors. In contrast to lipoxygenase, which has been extensively studied, little is yet known about hydroperoxide lyase. Hydroperoxide lyases from different organisms have been isolated, and a few genes have been published lately. However, the structure and reaction mechanism of this enzyme are still unclear. The identification of this enzyme as a cytochrome P450 sheds new light on its structure and possible reaction mechanism, whereas recombinant expression brings a biocatalytic application into sight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Noordermeer
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Weichert H, Stenzel I, Berndt E, Wasternack C, Feussner I. Metabolic profiling of oxylipins upon salicylate treatment in barley leaves--preferential induction of the reductase pathway by salicylate(1). FEBS Lett 1999; 464:133-7. [PMID: 10618492 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In barley leaves, 13-lipoxygenases (13-LOXs) are induced by salicylate (SA) and jasmonate. Here, we show by metabolic profiling that upon SA treatment, free linolenic acid and linoleic acid accumulate in a 10:1 ratio reflecting their relative occurrence in leaf tissues. Furthermore, 13-LOX-derived products are formed and specifically directed into the reductase branch of the LOX pathway leading mainly to the accumulation of (13S,9Z,11E,15Z)-13-hydroxy-9, 11,15-octadecatrienoic acid (13-HOT). Under these conditions, no accumulation of other products of the LOX pathway has been found. Moreover, exogenously applied 13-HOT led to PR1b expression suggesting for the time a role of hydroxy polyenoic fatty acid derivatives in plant defense reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Weichert
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- A Grechkin
- Institute of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The germination process of oilseed plants is characterized by a mobilization of the storage lipids which constitute the major carbon source for the growing seedling. Despite the physiological importance of the lipid mobilization, the mechanism of this process is not well understood. Recently, it was found that a specific linoleate 13-lipoxygenase is induced during the stage of lipid mobilization in various oilseed plants and that this enzyme is translocated to the membranes of the lipid storage organelles, the so called lipid bodies. Lipoxygenase expression was paralleled by the occurrence of enantiospecific hydro(pero)xy polyenoic fatty acid derivatives in the storage lipids suggesting the in vivo action of the enzyme. Furthermore, it was reported that oxygenated polyenoic fatty acids, in particular as 13(S)-hydro(pero)xy-9(Z),11(E)-octadecanoic acid [13(S)-H(P)ODE], are cleaved preferentially from the storage lipids when compared with their non-oxygenated linoleate residues. These findings may suggest that 13(S)-H(P)ODE may constitute the endogenous substrate for beta-oxidation during lipid mobilization of oilseed plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Feussner
- Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Halle, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|