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Conley AJ, Berger T, Del Razo RA, Cotterman RF, Sahagún E, Goetze LR, Jacob S, Weinstein TAR, Dufek ME, Mendoza SP, Bales KL. The onset of puberty in colony-housed male and female titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus): Possible effects of oxytocin treatment during peri-adolescent development. Horm Behav 2022; 142:105157. [PMID: 35338890 PMCID: PMC9250660 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin has been used to treat neurodevelopmental conditions in adolescent patients but possible effects on reproductive development have not been well investigated. The effects of daily intra-nasal oxytocin treatment (12-18 months of age) on puberty and fertility were studied in colony-housed, male and female titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus). Body weight, urinary conjugated pregnanes and estrogens (defining cyclicity) in females, and androgens and sperm in urine of in males, were measured from 1 to 3 years of age to detect puberty. Serum testosterone was also measured in males at 13, 23 and 33 months of age and hemi-castration at 3 years of age enabled assessment of testicular morphometry and oxytocin receptor expression. An oxytocin treatment*time interaction suggested a minor, transient suppression in weight gain after treatment ended. Note that females weighed 10% less across all ages. Oxytocin-treated females exhibited early, spurious ovulations but neither regular cyclicity (≈30 months) nor pregnancies were affected by treatment. Oxytocin did not affect the pubertal increase in urinary androgen or the first appearance of sperm, which occurred as early as 15 months of age. Treatment did delay the puberty-associated rise in serum testosterone in males. All males were pubertal by 22 months and all females by 32 months of age. Although no major male or female fertility outcome was observed, oxytocin demonstrated some physiological effects through a delay of testosterone secretion in males, induction of precocious ovulation in females, and a suppression of general weight gain for the months following treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Conley
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America.
| | - T Berger
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - R Arias Del Razo
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - R F Cotterman
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - E Sahagún
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - L R Goetze
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - S Jacob
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - T A R Weinstein
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - M E Dufek
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - S P Mendoza
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - K L Bales
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America; Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America.
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Abondano LA, Ziegler TE, Di Fiore A. Reproductive endocrinology of wild female woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii) during puberty, ovarian cyclicity, and pregnancy. Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23303. [PMID: 34255870 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral observations can provide clues about female reproductive status. However, the study of the endocrine dynamics that underlie processes such as puberty, ovulation, conception, and gestation, may help increase our understanding of female reproductive biology. We used noninvasive methods to study female reproductive endocrinology in wild woolly monkeys (genus Lagothrix). We extracted ovarian steroid hormones from fecal samples collected non-invasively to examine changes in the concentrations of progesterone and estrogen metabolites (pregnanediol-3-glucuronide and estrone-3-glucuronide, respectively) during periods of female puberty, ovarian cyclicity, and pregnancy. The two subadult females in our study showed significant increases in ovarian hormone concentrations before disappearing and presumably dispersing, suggesting that they might reach the onset of puberty before emigrating from their natal groups. Ovarian cycle length in adult females was, on average, ~22 days (N = 21). Of the 10 cycling females, five conceived and four gave birth to offspring, with an average gestation period of ~214 days, but the infant born to the female with the shortest estimated gestation period (182 days) disappeared within a month after parturition. The fact that less than half of all cycling females conceived, and that only three out of five of those females gave birth to offspring that survived past the first month, suggests that reproduction is energetically costly for female woolly monkeys. Ovarian cycle length and gestation period among woolly monkeys are similar to those in their closest relatives, spider monkeys and muriquis suggesting that reproductive physiology may be highly conserved among females within the Tribe Atelini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Abondano
- Department of Anthropology and Primate Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Toni E Ziegler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology and Primate Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de, Quito, Cumbayá, Ecuador
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Chen Z, Pan X, Kong Y, Jiang Y, Zhong Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Yuan X, Li J. Pituitary-Derived Circular RNAs Expression and Regulatory Network Prediction During the Onset of Puberty in Landrace × Yorkshire Crossbred Pigs. Front Genet 2020; 11:135. [PMID: 32180798 PMCID: PMC7059797 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Being the center of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axis, the pituitary plays a key role in the onset of puberty. Recent studies show that circular RNAs (circRNAs) can perform as miRNA sponges to regulate development in animals. However, the function of pituitary-derived circRNAs in first estrus remains unclear in pigs. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification and characterization of circRNAs using pituitaries from Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred pigs at three stages: pre-, in-, and post-puberty, to describe such pituitary-derived circRNAs in pigs. A total of 5148 circRNAs were found in the gilts' pituitaries, averaging 18 682 bp in genomic distance, which consisted of approximately 91% exonic, 6% intergenic, and 3% intronic circRNAs. Furthermore, 158 novel circRNAs were identified for the first time and classified as putative pituitary-specific circRNAs. Their expression levels during the onset of puberty, significantly exceeded those of the other circRNAs, and the parental genes of these putative pituitary-specific circRNAs were enriched in "ssc04917: prolactin signaling pathway," "ssc04080: neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction," and "ssc04728: dopaminergic synapse" pathways, all of which were consistent with pituitary functioning. Additionally, 17 differentially regulated circRNAs were found and investigated for their potential interaction with miRNAs, along with genes, by constructing a circRNA-targeted miRNA-gene network. Taken together, these results provide new insight into the circRNA-mediated timing of puberty in gilts at the pituitary level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitao Chen
- National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangchun Pan
- National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaru Kong
- National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyi Zhong
- National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Yuan
- National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- National Engineering Research Centre for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Yuan X, Li Z, Ye S, Chen Z, Huang S, Zhong Y, Zhang H, Li J, Zhang Z. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of pituitaries during the initiation of puberty in gilts. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212630. [PMID: 30845225 PMCID: PMC6405085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been widely recognized that the early or delayed puberty appears to display harmful effects on adult health outcomes. During the timing of puberty, pituitaries responds to the hypothalamus and then introduce the following response of ovaries in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. DNA methylation has been recently suggested to regulate the onset of puberty in female mammals. However, to date, the changes of DNA methylation in pituitaries have not been investigated during pubertal transition. In this study, using gilts as the pubertal model, the genome-scale DNA methylation of pituitaries was profiled and compared across Pre-, In- and Post-puberty by using the reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. We found that average methylation levels of each genomic feature in Post- were lower than Pre- and In-pubertal stage in CpG context, but they were higher in In- than that in Pre- and Post-pubertal stage in CpH (where H = A, T, or C) context. The methylation patterns of CpHs were more dynamic than that of CpGs at the location of high CpG content, low CpG content promoter genes, and differently genomic CGIs. Furthermore, the differently genomic CGIs were likely to show in a similar manner in CpG context but display in a stage-specific manner in the CpH context across the Pre-, In- and Post-pubertal stage. Among these pubertal stages, 5 kb upstream regions of the transcription start sites were protected from both CpG and CpH methylation changes. 12.65% of detected CpGs were identified as the differentially methylated CpGs, regarding 4301 genes which were involved in the fundamental functions of pituitaries. 0.35% of detected CpHs were identified as differentially methylated CpHs, regarding 3691 genes which were involved in the biological functions of releasing gonadotropin hormones. These observations and analyses would provide valuable insights into epigenetic mechanism of the initiation of puberty in pituitary level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhonghui Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaopan Ye
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zitao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuwen Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyi Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (JL)
| | - Zhe Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (JL)
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Coe CL, Levine S. Psychoendocrine Relationships Underlying Reproductive Behavior in the Squirrel Monkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.1981.11448885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Weltring A, Schaebs FS, Perry SE, Deschner T. Simultaneous measurement of endogenous steroid hormones and their metabolites with LC-MS/MS in faeces of a New World primate species, Cebus capucinus. Physiol Behav 2011; 105:510-21. [PMID: 21945370 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We developed and validated a method to measure steroid hormones with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in faecal samples of white-faced capuchins. The method includes the measurement of adrenal and gonadal hormones such as cortisol, testosterone, estrone, progesterone and a number of their faecal metabolites. This method can be used for simultaneous routine measurements of steroids in faecal samples and provides a reference method for the validation of new immunoassays in this matrix. The optimised method consists of an extraction of the dried faecal samples with 80% methanol followed by purification of the extracts by solid phase extraction, solvolytic cleavage of conjugates and liquid-liquid extraction. Extracts were measured by LC-MS/MS with an electrospray interface in positive ionisation mode. Out of 19 steroids spiked into methanol extracts, 14 showed a recovery of 79.8-118.5% with an intra-day precision of 2.5-13.0% and an inter-day precision of 7.2-15.1%. Detection limits for these steroids ranged from 0.3 to 27.0 ng/mL of extract. Five steroids did not fulfil our requirements concerning precision and accuracy and we therefore considered these to not be reliably measurable with this method. While there was no indication of considerable amounts of conjugated forms for most metabolites, 87% of the testosterone was found in the solvolysis fraction, which indicates that the majority of testosterone was conjugated. Therefore, solvolysis turned out to be crucial, especially for the quantification of the total amount of testosterone. The physiological validation of this LC-MS/MS method confirmed known physiologically caused differences in faecal steroid concentrations. This indicates the usefulness of the method in investigating variation in the levels of major steroid hormones in faeces of white-faced capuchins. The possibility to simultaneously measure hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis makes this method suitable for dealing with questions concerning the cross talk between those axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Weltring
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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8
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Kabitzke PA, Wiedenmayer CP. Effects of the stimulus and chamber size on unlearned fear across development. Behav Processes 2011; 86:257-62. [PMID: 21216279 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Predator odors have been found to induce unconditioned fear in adult animals and provide the opportunity to study the mechanisms underlying unlearned and learned fear. Predator threats change across an animal's lifetime, as do abilities that enable the animal to learn or engage in different defensive behaviors. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the combination of factors that successfully induce unlearned fear to predator odor across development. Infant, juvenile, adolescent, and adult rats were exposed to one of the three odor stimuli (control odor, cat urine, or cat fur) in either a small or large chamber. Though all ages displayed fear-related behavior to cat odors, differences were reflected only in freezing behavior and not, as expected, risk-assessment. Infant and juvenile animals also increased freezing to cat urine compared to the control odor, possibly because these age groups possess limited defensive options to cope with threat and so may respond with freezing to all predator stimuli. Unexpectedly, chamber size had no effect on either freezing or risk-assessment in this study. Once the parameters of unconditioned fear are understood, they can be exploited to develop a learning paradigm to predator odors that could be used in early life.
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9
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Perret M. Influence of Social Factors on Seasonal Variations in Plasma Testosterone Levels ofMicrocebus murinus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1985.tb00152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Walker ML, Anderson DC, Herndon JG, Walker LC. Ovarian aging in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). Reproduction 2009; 138:793-9. [PMID: 19656956 DOI: 10.1530/rep-08-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In female squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), the reproductive period normally extends from approximately 2.5 years to the mid-teens. In the present study, we examined the age-associated cytological changes in the ovaries of 24 squirrel monkeys ranging in age from newborn to approximately 20 years. We found a significant, age-related decline in the number of primordial follicles, with the most pronounced loss occurring between birth and 5 years. After approximately 8 years of age, relatively few primordial follicles were evident in the ovarian sections examined. An unusual feature of the aging squirrel monkey ovary is the emergence of highly differentiated, encapsulated clusters of granulosa cells that increase in size and number, particularly after the age of 8 years. Many of these cells express anti-Müllerian hormone, and, histologically, the clusters resemble granulosa cell tumors in humans. However, granulosa cell clusters (GCCs) are present in both ovaries of all older squirrel monkeys, and they display no obvious signs of malignancy, suggesting that they are a normal feature of ovarian aging in this species. Our findings indicate that reproductive senescence in female squirrel monkeys, as in other primates, involves the inexorable depletion of ovarian follicles. In addition, the consistent appearance of abundant, well-differentiated clusters of granulosa cells in older squirrel monkeys, prior to the cessation of reproduction, suggests that these structures may influence the later stages of reproductive potential in this species. Analysis of GCCs in older squirrel monkeys also could yield insights into the pathophysiology of granulosa cell tumors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Walker
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.
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11
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Goldschmidt B, Mota-Marinho A, Araújo-Lopes C, Brück-Gonçalves MA, Matos-Fasano D, Ribeiro-Andrade MC, Ferreira-Nascimento LW, Simmer-Bravin J, Monnerat-Nogueira D. Sexual dimorphism in the squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Saimiri ustus (I. Geoffroy, 1844) (Primates, Cebidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2009; 69:171-4. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842009000100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Causes and implications of sexual dimorphism have been studied in several different primates using a variety of morphological characters such as body weight, canine length, coat color and ornamentation. Here we describe a peculiar coat color characteristic in the squirrel monkey that is present only in adult females over five years old and which increases with age. Neither males nor young animals manifest this phenomenon, which is characterized by a spot of black hairs located anteriorly to the external ear (pinna). This characteristic could be used to discriminate adult females of Saimiri sciureus in the wild without the need of capture techniques.
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12
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Abstract
The guinea pig is highly developed at birth and requires little active maternal care. Yet the mother and other social figures markedly influence biobehavioral processes of the offspring. Here, responses of guinea pigs and nonhuman primates to maternal and other social separation procedures are compared, and influences of social partners on endocrine responses and behavior in periadolescent guinea pigs are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Hennessy
- Department of Psychology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA.
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13
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Abstract
To successfully negotiate the developmental transition between youth and adulthood, adolescents must maneuver this often stressful period while acquiring skills necessary for independence. Certain behavioral features, including age-related increases in social behavior and risk-taking/novelty-seeking, are common among adolescents of diverse mammalian species and may aid in this process. Reduced positive incentive values from stimuli may lead adolescents to pursue new appetitive reinforcers through drug use and other risk-taking behaviors, with their relative insensitivity to drugs supporting comparatively greater per occasion use. Pubertal increases in gonadal hormones are a hallmark of adolescence, although there is little evidence for a simple association of these hormones with behavioral change during adolescence. Prominent developmental transformations are seen in prefrontal cortex and limbic brain regions of adolescents across a variety of species, alterations that include an apparent shift in the balance between mesocortical and mesolimbic dopamine systems. Developmental changes in these stressor-sensitive regions, which are critical for attributing incentive salience to drugs and other stimuli, likely contribute to the unique characteristics of adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Spear
- Department of Psychology and Center for Developmental Psychobiology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
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Weindruch R, Marriott BM, Conway J, Knapka JJ, Lane MA, Cutler RG, Roth GS, Ingram DK. Measures of body size and growth in rhesus and squirrel monkeys subjected to long-term dietary restriction. Am J Primatol 1995; 35:207-228. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350350304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/1993] [Revised: 06/30/1994] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Wiebe JP, Barr KJ, Buckingham KD. Sustained azoospermia in squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus, resulting from a single intratesticular glycerol injection. Contraception 1989; 39:447-57. [PMID: 2721196 DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(89)90122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies in rats had shown that a single intratesticular injection of glycerol resulted in long-term suppression of spermatogenesis without marked alterations in hormone levels. Studies were undertaken to determine the effect of similar treatment in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). Ten monkeys received an intratesticular injection of saline (controls) and ten of glycerol solution (treated). Semen and blood samples were obtained on a weekly or bi-weekly basis one month prior to, during the 8 months following and at 22 months after the injection. Sperm numbers in the semen samples of controls remained at 160-435 x 10(6) per ml throughout the experiment. Sperm numbers in treated animals declined to near zero within two months and remained at zero. Serum testosterone and progesterone levels were not significantly different between control and treated animals. Serum LH and FSH levels were not significantly different between control and treated animals except during months 6-8 after the injection, when levels in the treated were higher. At termination (22 months), the weights and sperm contents of epididymides of the glycerol-treated animals were highly significantly reduced. Steroidogenesis (based on amounts and kinds of steroids formed from 14C-progesterone) by testicular tissue was not altered by the glycerol treatment when measured on a per testis basis. This is the first evidence that a single intratesticular injection of glycerol results in long-term suppression of spermatogenesis in primates, without altering testicular steroidogenesis and serum hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Wiebe
- Department of Zoology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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16
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Yeoman RR, Aksel S, Hazelton JM, Williams LE, Abee CR. In vitro bioactive luteinizing hormone assay shows cyclical, seasonal hormonal changes and response to luteinizing-hormone releasing hormone in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis). Am J Primatol 1988; 14:167-175. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350140207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/1986] [Revised: 09/20/1987] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Ellis L. Evidence of neuroandrogenic etiology of sex roles from a combined analysis of human, nonhuman primate and nonprimate mammalian studies. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0191-8869(86)90131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Nieuwenhuijsen K, Lammers AJJC, de Neef KJ, Slob AK. Reproduction and social rank in female stumptail Macaques (Macaca arctoides). INT J PRIMATOL 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02693697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Coe CL, Franklin D, Smith ER, Levine S. Hormonal responses accompanying fear and agitation in the squirrel monkey. Physiol Behav 1982; 29:1051-7. [PMID: 6298843 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(82)90297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The adrenocortical and gonadal responses of 14 male monkeys were evaluated during four experimental conditions in order to evaluate the influence of social interactions on endocrine responsiveness. Plasma hormone levels were determined during the establishment of social relations, after 60-min exposures to a novel environment, after 60-min exposures to a snake, and 60 min after ACTH administration. Both adrenal and gonadal secretion changed significantly during the first day after social relations were established, although only dominant males showed increases in testosterone, whereas cortisol levels rose in all subjects. Increases in cortisol, but not testosterone, were also observed following exposure to novelty or a snake. The presence of a social partner reduced signs of behavioral disturbance during these test conditions, although the adrenal responses were equivalent or greater than when tested alone. This finding qualifies earlier research which indicated that social support was beneficial for reducing stress when squirrel monkeys were tested in larger groups in their home environment.
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Siiteri PK, Murai JT, Hammond GL, Nisker JA, Raymoure WJ, Kuhn RW. The serum transport of steroid hormones. RECENT PROGRESS IN HORMONE RESEARCH 1982; 38:457-510. [PMID: 6750727 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-571138-8.50016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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