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Zhang B, Xia W, Li Y, Bassig BA, Zhou A, Wang Y, Li Z, Yao Y, Hu J, Du X, Zhou Y, Liu J, Xue W, Ma Y, Pan X, Peng Y, Zheng T, Xu S. Prenatal exposure to lead in relation to risk of preterm low birth weight: A matched case-control study in China. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 57:190-195. [PMID: 26122562 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the association between prenatal exposure to lead (Pb) and the risk of preterm low birth weight (PLBW). Pb concentrations in maternal urine collected at birth from 408 subjects (102 cases and 306 matched controls) were analyzed and adjusted by creatinine. The median Pb concentration in the PLBW cases (10.60μgPb/g creatinine) was higher than that of the controls (7.28μgPb/g creatinine). An adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.96 (95% CI=1.49-5.87) for PLBW was observed when the highest tertile was compared to the lowest tertile of Pb levels. The association was more pronounced among female infants (adjusted OR=3.67 for the highest tertile; 95% CI=1.35-9.93) than male infants (adjusted OR=1.91 for the highest tertile; 95% CI=0.74-4.95). Our study suggests that prenatal exposure to levels of Pb encountered today in China is associated with an elevated risk of PLBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bryan A Bassig
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengkuan Li
- Macheng Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Macheng, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxiang Yao
- Ezhou Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Ezhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofu Du
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Tsai ML, Webb RC, Loch-Caruso R. Congener-specific effects of PCBs on contractions of pregnant rat uteri. Reprod Toxicol 1996; 10:21-8. [PMID: 8998381 DOI: 10.1016/0890-6238(95)02014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Both increased and decreased gestation lengths have been reported following exposures to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures and congeners. Because oscillatory uterine contractions are essential for parturition, we hypothesized that the disparate findings on gestation length may be the result of distinct PCB congener-specific actions on oscillatory uterine contractions. This study examined the acute effects of PCB congeners on isometric contractions of isolated pregnant uteri and the structure-activity relationship for individual congeners. After cumulative exposure to individual PCB congeners (0.5 microM to 150 microM), oscillatory contractions were: 1) not altered by 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl, 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl, or 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl; 2) significantly inhibited by 4-hydroxy-2',4',6'-trichlorobiphenyl; and 3) markedly increased by 2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl and 2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, when compared to solvent controls. The uteri were more sensitive to PCB congeners with ortho-substituted light chlorination than those highly chlorinated, or those interacting with the Ah-receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Tsai
- Department of Environmental and Industrial Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2029, USA
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Fagher U, Laudanski T, Schütz A, Sipowicz M, Akerlund M. The relationship between cadmium and lead burdens and preterm labor. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1993; 40:109-14. [PMID: 8094678 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7292(93)90368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the possible involvement of lead and cadmium in mechanisms of preterm labor. METHOD Estimations of lead and cadmium in blood, myometrium and placenta of Swedish and Polish women in preterm labor (n = 17) or delivered at term (n = 13). RESULT There was a positive correlation between pregnancy week and content of lead in blood. The mean blood concentration of cadmium in preterm delivered women, 2.0 micrograms/l, was significantly higher than that in term delivered patients, 0.6 microgram/l. In Polish patients the concentration of lead in blood, 37.9 micrograms/l, was higher than that in Swedish women of 11.2 micrograms/l. Cadmium concentrations in myometrium and placenta of Polish women, 0.2 and 0.3 microgram/g, respectively, were also significantly higher than the corresponding concentrations in Swedish patients, 0.04 and 0.1 microgram/g and this difference remained when only nonsmokers were compared. Smokers and nonsmokers did not have significantly different cadmium levels. CONCLUSION These results do not support the concept of lead causing increased myometrial activity in preterm labor, but indicate a higher uptake of lead and cadmium of Polish than of Swedish women. Further investigations are warranted to delineate the importance of the elevated concentration of cadmium in the blood of women with preterm labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Fagher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lund, Sweden
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Laudanski T, Sipowicz M, Modzelewski P, Bolinski J, Szamatowicz J, Razniewska G, Akerlund M. Influence of high lead and cadmium soil content on human reproductive outcome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1991; 36:309-15. [PMID: 1684764 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7292(91)90485-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The influence of lead and cadmium on human reproductive outcome was studied in areas of Eastern Poland with high specific soil contamination with these heavy metals. By personal interviews, information on socioeconomic background factors as well as obstetrical and gynecological histories were obtained from 136 women living in villages with high amounts of lead and cadmium and from 269 women of nearby villages with no increased content of these metals. Physical examination and estimations of blood concentrations of lead and cadmium were also performed in 89 and 175 women from these areas, respectively. In the contaminated areas, there were significantly fewer women with three or more pregnancies (39 vs. 52%) and deliveries at full term (35 vs. 44%) than in nearby villages with normal concentrations of these heavy metals, and the weight of preterm newborns was lower (1930 vs. 2225 g). Furthermore, hypertension was more common (15 vs. 22%) and of higher magnitude (mean blood pressure 140 vs. 129 mmHg) in the study group than in the control women. The mean blood concentrations of lead in the two groups. 675 and 621 micrograms/dl did not differ statistically, whereas the concentrations of cadmium of 29 and 25 micrograms/dl were significantly higher in the study than in the control group. There was a significant correlation between cadmium levels and number of preterm deliveries. These results suggest that cadmium and lead could be factors of importance in reproductive outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Laudanski
- Institutes of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academy of Medicine, Bialystok, Poland
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