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Monte TCDC, Braga BV, Vasconcellos MCD, Jurberg AD, Mota EM, Barbosa HS, Garcia JS, Maldonado Júnior A. Morphological effects on helminth parasites caused by herbicide under experimental conditions. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2018; 27:42-51. [PMID: 29641790 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612017074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Helminth parasites have been studied as potential accumulators for different pollutants. Echinostoma paraensei is a foodborne trematode whose vertebrate host, the rodent Nectomys squamipes, is naturally exposed to environmental pesticides. However, little information exists regarding the pesticide's effects on helminths. This study investigated the morphological effects on the trematode, E. paraensei, after experimental Roundup® herbicide exposure, in concentrations below those recommended for agricultural use. After two hours of exposure, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed changes to the tegument, such as furrowing, shrinkage, peeling, spines loss on the peristomic collar, and histopathological evidence of altered cells in the cecum and acinus vitelline glands with vacuoles and structural changes to the muscular layers. Glycidic content was decreased, primarily in the connective tissue. As E. paraensei is an intestinal parasite of the semi-aquatic wild rodent, N. squamipes, it is predisposed to pesticide exposure resulting from agricultural practices. Therefore, we emphasize the need to evaluate its impact on helminth parasites, due to their pivotal role in regulating host populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá Carneiro de Castro Monte
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Brunna Vianna Braga
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Arnon Dias Jurberg
- Laboratório de Pesquisas sobre o Timo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ester Maria Mota
- Laboratório de Patologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Helene Santos Barbosa
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Juberlan Silva Garcia
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Arnaldo Maldonado Júnior
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Keiser J, Utzinger J, Xiao SH, Odermatt P, Tesana S. Opisthorchis viverrini: efficacy and tegumental alterations following administration of tribendimidine in vivo and in vitro. Parasitol Res 2008; 102:771-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Das B, Tandon V, Saha N. Effect of isoflavone from Flemingia vestita (Fabaceae) on the Ca2+ homeostasis in Raillietina echinobothrida, the cestode of domestic fowl. Parasitol Int 2006; 55:17-21. [PMID: 16198617 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2005.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 08/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The alcoholic crude root-peel extract of Flemingia vestita and its major isoflavone, genistein, have been shown to have a vermifugal/vermicidal effect by causing a flaccid paralysis accompanied by alterations in the structural architecture of the tegumental interface and metabolic activity in Raillietina echinobothrida, the cestode of domestic fowl. In the present study, the crude root-peel extract and pure genistein were tested in vitro with respect to Ca2+ homeostasis and the occurrence of some metal ions was detected in the parasite. Live cestodes were incubated in pre-defined concentrations of the crude root-peel extract, genistein and praziquantel (as reference drug), till the paralysis time with simultaneous maintenance of respective controls. In the parasite tissue, a significant amount of Ca2+ (approximately 400 microg/g dry tissue wt) was found to be present besides magnesium, iron, zinc, lead and chromium, whilst manganese, cadmium and nickel were below the level of detection. The Ca2+ concentration was decreased significantly by 39%-49%, in the parasite tissue exposed to the test materials in comparison to the respective controls. There was also an increase in Ca2+ efflux by 91%-160% into the culture medium under similar treatments. The changes in Ca2+ homeostasis may be related to the rapid muscular contraction and consequent paralysis in the parasite due to the anthelmintic stress caused by the phytochemicals of F. vestita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidyadhar Das
- Department of Zoology, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793 022, India
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Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini is a human liver fluke endemic in Thailand, Lao PDR and Cambodia. Three subspecies of Bithynia siamensis and 18 species of cyprinoid fish are susceptible first and second intermediate hosts, respectively. The differentiation between the adult worm of O. viverrini and that of the closely related species, Opisthorchis felineus and Clonorchis sinensis, is mainly based on the shape and position of the testes and the arrangement of the vitellaria. Eggs of these flukes are morphologically similar and problematic in identification. However, the differentiation between opisthorchid and lecithodendrid eggs is possible. Morphology and biology of each stage are comparatively reviewed. Biological aspects of snail and fish hosts are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasithorn Kaewkes
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Apinhasmit W, Sobhon P, Saitongdee P, Upatham ES. Opisthorchis viverrini: changes of the tegumental surface in newly excysted juvenile, first-week and adult flukes. Int J Parasitol 1993; 23:829-39. [PMID: 8314365 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(93)90046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The tegumental surface of the newly excysted juvenile, first-week and adult stages of a human liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The surface of the newly excysted juvenile is characterized by circumferentially arranged ridges alternated with troughs which bear rows of spines encircling the body. These spines are characterized by the shapes of their edges: the first type with serrated edge appears on the anterior part, and the second type with single sharp edge appears on the middle part. There are no spines on the posterior part of the body. Three types of presumed sensory papillae are present: type A is a single small cone-shaped ciliated papilla; type B is a group of ciliated papillae on a common dome-shaped base; and type C is a large papilla with nonciliated bulb. Type A papillae are scattered evenly on the surface but are more concentrated around the oral and ventral suckers, as well as the excretory pore. Pairs of both type A and B papillae are located in rows along the lateral surfaces of the body. Type C papillae are located solely on the lip of the ventral sucker. In the first-week fluke the tegumental surface appears corrugated and covered with short developing microvilli, and spines are mostly lost. In the fully-grown adult fluke the surface appears highly corrugated with wave-like folds encircling the body which are covered in turn with closely packed stubby microvilli. Microvilli are more numerous and are taller on the ventral than on the dorsal surface. Among microvilli on the surface of both older stages three types of sensory papillae as in the newly excysted juvenile were observed, but they are of larger sizes. The number of type A papilla increases whereas that of type B papilla decreases during maturation. The distribution of papillae in both stages is similar to the newly excysted stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Apinhasmit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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