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Alwael H, Connolly D, Paull B. Liquid chromatographic profiling of monosaccharide concentrations in complex cell-culture media and fermentation broths. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2011; 3:62-69. [PMID: 32938111 DOI: 10.1039/c0ay00516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A solid phase extraction, liquid chromatography and fluorescence (SPE-RPLC-FL) based protocol for the determination of free monosaccharides in highly complex raw material powders and formulated fermentation feedstocks and broths has been developed. Monosaccharides within sample extracts were derivatised pre-column with anthranilic acid and the derivatives separated using reversed-phase LC with fluorescence detection. Using a 2.1 mm × 50 mm 1.8 µm Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column, a flow rate of 0.4 mL min-1 and an acetonitrile gradient in a sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.3; 50 mmol L-1) the baseline resolution of glucosamine, mannosamine, galactosamine, galactose, mannose, glucose, ribose, xylose, fucose and sialic acid within 20 minutes was achieved. Pre-column derivatisation involved combining a 30 mg mL-1 solution of anthranilic acid in a 1 : 1 ratio with an aqueous standard prior to injection. Standard analytical performance criteria were used for evaluation purposes, with the method found to exhibit LOD's as low as 10 fmol, and be linear and precise (%RSD < 2.2% (n = 7). The method was applied to the analysis of a range of highly complex biopharmaceutical production samples, including yeastolate powders, chemically defined media and in-process fermentation broth samples. Sample preparation involved passing an aqueous sample through a C18 solid phase extraction cartridge to trap hydrophobic peptides and vitamins, with recovery of all test sugars exceeding 90%. Finally, standard statistical analysis was performed on samples taken from different lots in order to estimate lot-to-lot variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alwael
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | - Damian Connolly
- Irish Separation Science Cluster, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, 9, Ireland.
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | - Brett Paull
- Irish Separation Science Cluster, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, 9, Ireland.
- Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, 9, Ireland
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Cai Y, Liu J, Shi Y, Liang L, Mou S. Determination of several sugars in serum by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1085:98-103. [PMID: 16106854 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a sensitive, simple and direct method for simultaneous determination of glucose, ribose, isomaltose and maltose in serum sample by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with integrated pulsed amperometric detection was developed. The four target analytes were easily and completely separated on an anion-exchange column at a flow-rate of 0.25 mL/min by binary step gradient elution in about 16 min and the two eluents were deionized water and 500 mM sodium hydroxide, respectively. The separated four analytes were detected directly by using a gold electrode and quadruple-potential waveform integrated pulsed amperometry without derivatization. Under the optimized conditions, when the injection volume was 25 microL, the detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio equal to 3) for glucose, ribose, isomaltose and maltose were 0.92, 7.50, 12.9 and 10.3 ng/mL, respectively. The calibration graphs of peak area for the four analytes were linear over two to three orders of magnitude with correlation coefficients greater than 0.998. R.S.D. of peak areas of the four analytes for five determinations were no more than 5.6%. The analytical method had been applied to the determination of glucose, ribose, isomaltose and maltose in real serum samples and good results with low relative standard deviation not more than 5.3% were obtained. The accuracy of the proposed method was tested by recovery measurements on spiked samples and good recovery results (98.1-107.9%) were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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Marko-Varga GA, Nilsson J, Laurell T. New directions of miniaturization within the biomarker research area. Electrophoresis 2004; 25:3479-91. [PMID: 15565715 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200406109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An overview of the current trends within protein expression profiling is given where multidimensional separation of both gel and liquid phase techniques linked to mass spectrometry is viewed as a major route in the global proteome mapping. A clear trend in these biochemical developments is the effort to sequence and identify low-abundant protein expressions where assay miniaturization and integrated sample processing play a central role. Two areas of miniaturization within the proteomics field are addressed: (i) sample cleanup and enrichment, and (ii) silicon microstructure developments for protein chip microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- György A Marko-Varga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University, Sweden.
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Geerdink RB, Niessen WMA, Brinkman UAT. Trace-level determination of pesticides in water by means of liquid and gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2002; 970:65-93. [PMID: 12350103 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The trace-level determination of pesticides and their transformation products (TPs) in water by means of liquid and gas chromatography (LC and GC) is reviewed. Special attention is given to the use of (tandem) mass spectrometry for identification and confirmation purposes. The complementarity of LC- and GC-based techniques and the potential of comprehensive GCXGC are discussed, and also the impressive performance of time-of-flight mass spectrometry. It is also indicated that, in the near future, the TPs rather than the parent compounds should receive most attention--with a better understanding of matrix effects and eluent composition on the ionization efficiency of analytes being urgently required. Finally, the merits of using much shorter LC columns, or even no column at all (flow-injection analysis) in target analysis are shown, and a more cost-efficient and sophisticated strategy for monitoring programmes is briefly introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Geerdink
- Institute for Inland Water Management and Waste Water Treatment, RIZA, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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Chapter 29 Enzyme reactors and enzyme electrodes for the liquid chromatographic determination of carbohydrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(02)80054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Tkáč J, Gemeiner P, Švitel J, Benikovský T, Šturdı́k E, Vala V, Petruš L, Hrabárová E. Determination of total sugars in lignocellulose hydrolysate by a mediated Gluconobacter oxydans biosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)01001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hanko VP, Rohrer JS. Determination of carbohydrates, sugar alcohols, and glycols in cell cultures and fermentation broths using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Anal Biochem 2000; 283:192-9. [PMID: 10906239 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2000.4653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell cultures and fermentation broths are complex mixtures of organic and inorganic compounds. Many of these compounds are synthesized or metabolized by microorganisms, and their concentrations can impact the yields of desired products. Carbohydrates serve as carbon sources for many microorganisms, while sugar alcohols (alditols), glycols (glycerol), and alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are metabolic products. We used high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) to simultaneously analyze for carbohydrates, alditols, and glycerol in growing yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cultures and their final fermentation broths. Both cultures were grown on complex undefined media, aliquots centrifuged to remove particulates, and the supernatants diluted and directly injected for analysis. Pulsed amperometry allowed a direct detection of the carbohydrates, alditols, and glycols present in the cultures and fermentation broths with very little interference from other matrix components. The broad linear range of three to four orders of magnitude allowed samples to be analyzed without multiple dilutions. Peak area RSDs were 2-7% for 2, 3-butanediol, ethanol, glycerol, erythritol, rhamnose, arabitol, sorbitol, galactitol, mannitol, arabinose, glucose, galactose, lactose, ribose, raffinose, and maltose spiked into a heat-inactivated yeast culture broth supernatant that was analyzed repetitively for 48 h. This method is useful for directly monitoring culture changes during fermentation. The carbohydrates in yeast cultures were monitored over 1 day. A yeast culture with medium consisting primarily of glucose and trace levels of trehalose and arabinose showed a drop in sugar concentration over time and an increase in glycerol. Yeast growing on a modified culture medium consisting of multiple carbohydrates and alditols showed preference for specific carbon sources and showed the ability to regulate pathways leading to catalysis of alternative carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Hanko
- Dionex Corporation, 500 Mercury Drive, Sunnyvale, California, 94088-3603, USA.
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Smits HP, Cohen A, Buttler T, Nielsen J, Olsson L. Cleanup and analysis of sugar phosphates in biological extracts by using solid-phase extraction and anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Anal Biochem 1998; 261:36-42. [PMID: 9683509 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1998.2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A cleanup method based on anion-exchange solid-phase extraction (SPE) was developed to render biological extracts suitable for the analysis of hexose phosphates with a modified anion-exchange chromatography method and pulsed amperometric detection. The method was applied to cell extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae obtained by using cold methanol as quenching agent and chloroform as extraction solvent. It was shown that pretreatment of the cell extract with SPE markedly improved the quality of the liquid chromatography analysis with recoveries of the sugar phosphates close to 100%. Furthermore, the method allowed for sample enrichment and the original extraction procedure could be simplified by implementing SPE early in the extraction protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Smits
- Department of Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 223, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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Evaluation of detection and sample clean-up techniques for on- and off-line fermentation monitoring systems. Anal Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(96)00024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Torto N, Buttler T, Gorton L, Marko-Varga G, Stålbrand H, Tjerneld F. Monitoring of enzymatic hydrolysis of ivory nut mannan using on-line microdialysis sampling and anion-exchange chromatography with integrated pulsed electrochemical detection. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ortega F, Domínguez E, Burestedt E, Emnéus J, Gorton L, Marko-Varga G. Phenol oxidase-based biosensors as selective detection units in column liquid chromatography for the determination of phenolic compounds. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)85261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sullivan J, Douek M. Determination of carbohydrates in wood, pulp and process liquor samples by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Abstract
It is generally recognized that sample treatment often is the bottleneck in trace-level organic analysis. As far as column liquid chromatography (LC) is concerned, the design, and commercialization, of on-line and fully automated precolumn/analytical column LC systems with diode-array UV or mass spectrometric detection is a distinct step towards solving the existing problems. Small precolumns that can be packed with sorbents of divergent selectivity, and also on-line (electro)dialysis modules, have been shown to perform well in many environmental and biomedical applications. In addition, it is noteworthy that LC or rather, LC-type, trace enrichment and clean-up on such precolumns are increasingly being used as an on-line treatment step for aqueous samples prior to capillary gas chromatographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U A Brinkman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Free University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Marko-Varga G, Buttler T, Gorton L, Olsson L, Durand G, Barceló D. Qualitative and quantitative carbohydrate analysis of fermentation substrates and broths by liquid chromatographic techniques. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)85061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Johansson K, Jönsson-Pettersson G, Gorton L, Marko-Varga G, Csöregi E. A reagentless amperometric biosensor for alcohol detection in column liquid chromatography based on co-immobilized peroxidase and alcohol oxidase in carbon paste. J Biotechnol 1993; 31:301-16. [PMID: 7764440 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(93)90076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A reagentless carbon paste electrode chemically modified with covalently bound alcohol oxidase and horse-radish peroxidase was examined as a selective sensor in flow injection and column liquid chromatography. A combination of carbodiimide, glutaraldehyde, and polyethyleneimine was used for immobilizing the enzymes in the paste. The surface of the electrodes was protected by first forming a layer of electropolymerized ortho-phenylenediamine followed by deposition of a cation exchange membrane (Eastman AQ 29D). The electrodes were used for detection of hydrogen peroxide, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, and butanol. Preliminary investigations of the use of this sensor for bioprocess control are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Johansson
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Lund, Sweden
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Marko-Varga G, Gorton L, Domínguez E, Barceló D. Enzyme based detection systems in column liquid chromatography — Extension of selectivity and sensitivity. Chromatographia 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02263897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Maes P, Nagels L. Characterization of an immobilized hexose oxidase reactor for mono- and oligosaccharide determination by liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(93)85312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Buttler T, Gorton L, Marko-Varga G. Characterization of a sampling unit based on tangential flow filtration for on-line bioprocess monitoring. Anal Chim Acta 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(93)85063-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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A study of the use of microdialysis probes as a sampling unit in on-line bioprocess monitoring in conjunction with column liquid chromatography. Chromatographia 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02277511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Marko-Varga GA. Chapter 7 Liquid Chromatographic Determination Of Phenols And Substituted Derivatives In Water Samples. TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9244(08)70127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Barceló D, Marko-Varga G. Evaluation of gel permeation chromatographic techniques and diode-array UV detection for the characterization of biotechnological fermentation substrates and broths. Anal Chim Acta 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(92)80092-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Marko-Varga GA. Column Liquid Chromatography in combination with immobilized enzymes and electrochemical detection and its applications in some industrial processes. ELECTROANAL 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140040407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ortega F. Selective determination of dextrins by liquid chromatography with postcolumn enzymic reaction, using co-immobilized enzymes. Anal Chim Acta 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(92)80153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gorton L, Csöregi E, Domínguez E, Emnéus J, Jönsson-Pettersson G, Marko-Varga G, Persson B. Selective detection in flow analysis based on the combination of immobilized enzymes and chemically modified electrodes. Anal Chim Acta 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(91)85072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Domínguez E, Marko-Varga G, Hahn-Hägerdal B, Gorton L. Activity of immobilized yeast aldehyde dehydrogenase in a flow-injection system. Anal Chim Acta 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(91)87017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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