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Mohammadzadeh kakhki R, Assadi H. Capillary electrophoresis analysis based on crown ethers. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-014-0419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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2
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Using capillary electrophoresis to separate trivalent f-elements based on their speciation when complexed with simple organic ligands. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-009-0324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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3
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Separation and determination of inorganic cations in beverages by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection. OPEN CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-008-0051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA rapid, simple and reliable capillary electrophoresis method for the separation and quantitation of inorganic cations with indirect UV detection at 214 nm was developed. The electrolyte was: 12 mM imidazole as background absorbance provider; 5 mM malic acid and 1.0 mM 18-crown-6 ether as complexing agents; and 20% D2O (v/v) to improve ion mobility. The pH was 4.25. The applied voltage was 22 kV at 22°C. Nine ions were completely separated and determined with correlation coefficients of 0.9979-0.9992. The relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 0.5% for migration time and less than 5.2% for peak area (n=8). The detection limits (S/N=3) were from 0.08 mg L−1 (for Na+) to 0.51 mg L−1 (for Cu2+). To assess the reliability atomic absorption (AA) was also used to determine the same samples. Satisfactory results were obtained for real samples of jasmine tea drink and coconut milk.
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Sekar R, Azhaguvel S. Indirect Photometric Detection and Determination of Some Inorganic Cations in Anti-Asthmatic Homeopathic Pharmaceuticals by CE. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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5
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Fukushi K, Minami S, Kitakata M, Nishijima M, Yokota K, Takeda S, Wakida SI. Determination of Ammonium Cations and Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Cations in Jellyfish by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. ANAL SCI 2006; 22:1129-33. [PMID: 16896256 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.22.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We developed a capillary zone electrophoresis method with indirect UV detection for determination of ammonium cations and alkali and alkaline earth metal cations in jellyfish. As the background electrolyte, a mixture of N-methylbenzylamine, citrate, and 18-crown-6 was used for the complete separation of all analyte cations. The limits of detection were 0.13 - 0.34 mg l(-1) at a signal-to-noise ratio of three. The values of the relative standard deviation of peak area were 3.2 - 4.9%. The proposed method successfully determined the above analyte cations in jellyfish for approximately 4 min.
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Qu F, Lin JM. Separation of transition metals in nonaqueous media with capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1068:169-74. [PMID: 15844555 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The separation of transition metal Ni2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Fe3+ in methanol was investigated by using different types of organic acids as complexing agents. In pure methanol, the weaker and simpler acetic, propionic, butyric and valeric acids could enhance metal ions selectivity by increasing acid concentration and metal ions could be separated with high efficiency. However, hydroxycarboxylic acids obviously made separation efficiency worse. The effect of mixed organic acids, mixture solvent (methanol-acetonitrile, methanol-water) on metal ions separation was discussed further. The advantages of using nonaqueous solvent over aqueous for metal ions separation were shown finally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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Yücel Y, Demir C. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis for the characterisation of marbles by capillary electrophoresis. Talanta 2004; 63:451-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2003.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2003] [Revised: 11/04/2003] [Accepted: 11/07/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Janos P. Determination of equilibrium constants from chromatographic and electrophoretic measurements. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1037:15-28. [PMID: 15214658 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemical interactions, such as acid-base, complex-forming, ion association and other equilibria, are widely exploited to improve the separation efficiency in liquid chromatography as well as in electrophoresis. On the other hand, these techniques can be advantageously used to study the chemical equilibria affecting the separations. If the equilibium is sufficiently fast in comparison with the separation process, then the retention characteristics in chromatography (retention factors) or the migration characteristics in electrophoresis (effective mobilities) may be expressed as functions of the composition of mobile phase or background electrolyte (BGE), respectively. Using a proper experimental arrangement, the dependencies of retention (migration) characteristics on the mobile phase (background electrolyte) composition can be measured and utilized to calculate the equilibrium constants for equlibria taking place in the mobile phase (background electrolyte). Although principles of these measurements have been known for a long time, only more recent studies utilizing HPLC and capillary electrophoretic techniques are reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Janos
- Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Jan Evangelista Purkynĕ, Králova Výsina 7, 400 96 Ustí nod Labem, Czech Republic.
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Kuenzel S, Strehlow D, Poppitz W, Willbold S, Seyfarth L, Keutel H, Reissmann S. Estimation of pseudopeptide metal ion complexation tendencies by special MS methods, HPCE and circular dichroism. Int J Pept Res Ther 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02447551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Determination of accuracy characteristics, modeling and optimization of capillary electrophoresis for the separation of inorganic cations. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)01343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Quantitative capillary electrophoretic analysis for calcium and magnesium in sodium–matrix waters. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Tagliaro F, Manetto G, Cittadini F, Marchetti D, Bortolotti F, Marigo M. Capillary zone electrophoresis of potassium in human vitreous humour: validation of a new method. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1999; 733:273-9. [PMID: 10572986 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of potassium in the vitreous humour has long been regarded as an important tool in medicolegal and forensic toxicological investigation, particularly for the determination of the post-mortem interval. The present work was aimed at the optimisation and validation of a reliable, simple and fast capillary electrophoresis method for potassium analysis in the human vitreous humour with indirect UV detection at a wavelength of 214 nm. Electrophoretic separations were carried out in a running buffer comprising 5 mM imidazole, 5 mM 18-crown-6 ether and 6 mM D,L alpha-hydroxybutyric acid (HIBA), adjusted to pH 4.5. Constant voltage runs were carried out by applying a voltage of 500 V/cm at 25 degrees C. The samples were injected in the hydrodynamic mode at the anodic end of the capillary (0.5 p.s.i. for 10 s; 1 p.s.i. = 6894.76 Pa). The method showed good linearity in the concentration range from 6.5 mM to 16.25 microM, with an r2 value of 0.9994. The limit of detection, based on a signal-to-noise ratio of three, was 9.0 microM. Absolute intra-day RSDs of migration times were <0.40%, while the day-to-day values were < or =1.72%. Absolute peak area reproducibility was always better than 2.50%. A comparison of capillary electrophoresis with flame photometry on twelve real autopsy samples showed an excellent correlation with an r2 value of 0.9333. A preliminary application to real cases (20 subjects) was carried out plotting vitreous humour potassium vs. post-mortem interval with a resulting r2 of 0.904 and a Y-intercept of 4.75 mM, in agreement with the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tagliaro
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico, Italy
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Yokoyama T, Nakano K, Zenki M. Specific separation of nickel ion with bathophenanthroline disulfonic acid by capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Liu W, Lee HK. Chemical modification of analytes in speciation analysis by capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1999; 834:45-63. [PMID: 10189690 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of target analytes is widely used in modern analytical methods. This review focuses on the application of chemical modification techniques is the simultaneous analysis of metallic species by capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Emphasis is placed on the procedures relating to analyses carried out by capillary electrophoresis. The development of this topic in the past five years is evaluated for liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. The advantages, performance and application in real samples are compared for the three techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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16
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Janoš P. Role of chemical equilibria in the capillary electrophoresis of inorganic substances. J Chromatogr A 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Motellier S, Charles Y. Characterization of acid–base and complexation properties of cellulose degradation products using capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu W, Lee HK. Use of Triethylenetetraminehexaacetic Acid Combined with Field-Amplified Sample Injection in Speciation Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 1998; 70:2666-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ac971368q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wuping Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| | - Hian Kee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
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Enhancement of selectivity in capillary electrophoretic separations of metals and ligands through complex formation. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Simultaneous analysis of inorganic and organic lead, mercury and selenium by capillary electrophoresis with nitrilotriacetic acid as derivatization agent. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)01012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Timerbaev AR. Strategies for selectivity control in capillary electrophoresis of metal species. J Chromatogr A 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The increasing use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) in all areas of analytical chemistry has been reflected in the appearance since 1990 of significant numbers of fundamental studies and applications of CE in the area of separations of metal ions. In this article all aspects of separations of metal ions by CE are reviewed and discussed, including general concepts and approaches, sample introduction, complex formation and sample stacking, separation selectivity, the role of kinetics, capillary wall chemistry, detection techniques, method validation, and applications to metal determinations in various matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Macka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Zhang H, Hu Z, Yang G, Shi Z, Sun H. Separation and Determination of Magnolol and Honokiol in Crude and Burn-FriedMagnolia officinalis. ANAL LETT 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719708001745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Haddad PR. Comparison of ion chromatography and capillary electrophoresis for the determination of inorganic ions. J Chromatogr A 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(96)01085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Capillary electrophoretic separation of metal ions using complex forming equilibria of different stabilities. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(96)00268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Havel J, Janoš P, Jandik P. Capillary electrophoretic estimation of sulfate stability constants of metal ions and determination of alkali and alkaline earth metals in waters. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(96)00276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Ito K, Hirokawa T. Separation of alkali and alkaline-earth metal and ammonium cations by capillary electrophoresis using poly(ethylene glycol) and tartaric acid. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(96)00224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Billiet HA, Andersson PE, Haddad PR. Computer optimization of background electrolyte composition in the separation of metal ions by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 1996; 17:1367-72. [PMID: 8874064 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150170815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The iterative regression design developed earlier for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been applied successfully to the optimization of the separation of 11 metal ions by capillary electrophoresis. The parameters used for optimization were pH (over the range 3.5-5.0) and the concentration of 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIBA) (2-20 mM) used as the complex-forming ligand added to the background electrolyte. Five initial experiments were performed and the response surface was calculated using the relative resolution product as criterion. Three additional experiments were sufficient to establish a stable optimum, with which all 11 metal ions were separated and well spread in the electropherogram. The total analysis time was less than 5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Billiet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Buchberger W, Winna K. Optimization of the separation of polycarboxylic acids by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(96)00056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. St. Claire
- Division of Analytical Sciences, GlaxoWellcome Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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Yang Q, Hartmann C, Smeyers-Verbeke J, Massart D. Method development and validation for the determination of mineral elements in food and botanical materials by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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