Efficacy of organometallic-containing screen-printed carbon strips as catalysts for the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide: a voltammetric and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic investigation

Metallophthalocyanines and metalloporphyrins as electrocatalysts: a case of hydrogen peroxide and glucose detection

This review summarizes the applications of metallophthalocyanine (MPc) and metallo-porphyrin (MP) complexes as electrocatalysts immobilized onto various electrodes for the detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose. The uses of MPc and MP complexes as electron mediators for the detection of glucose at glucose oxidase modified surfaces are discussed.

The Phthalocyanines — Molecules of Enduring Value; a Two-dimensional Analysis of Redox Potentials

The sensor applications of MPc derivatives on carbon-type electrodes are briefly reviewed. The electrochemical properties of metallophthalocyanines in solution and on a surface are reviewed with emphasis on predicting redox potentials using Hammett substituent constants and using ligand electrochemical parameters. Design requirements for a two-electron redox process at a metallophthalocyanine center are discussed. A two-dimensional approach using both Hammett parameters and ligand electrochemical parameters is introduced. Some preliminary test examples are presented.

The Phthalocyanines — Molecules of Enduring Value; a Two-dimensional Analysis of Redox Potentials

The sensor applications of MPc derivatives on carbon-type electrodes are briefly reviewed. The electrochemical properties of metallophthalocyanines in solution and on a surface are reviewed with emphasis on predicting redox potentials using Hammett substituent constants and using ligand electrochemical parameters. Design requirements for a two-electron redox process at a metallophthalocyanine center are discussed. A two-dimensional approach using both Hammett parameters and ligand electrochemical parameters is introduced. Some preliminary test examples are presented.

Applications of polymerized metal tetra-amino phthalocyanines towards hydrogen peroxide detection

This work reports the use of metallo tetra-amino phthalocyanines ( MTAPc, M = Co and Mn ) polymer thin films on gold and glassy carbon electrode surfaces for the detection and monitoring of hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2 ). The polymer-modified electrodes were characterized using electrochemical and microscopic-based methods. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the bare and polymer-modified ITO surfaces. The electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 with glassy carbon polymer-modified electrodes gave higher current densities compared to their gold counterparts. The electroanalytical properties of H2O2 were obtained using a real-time calibration curve of the amperometric determination in pH 7.4 aqueous solution. The limits of detection (LoD) of the polymer-modified electrodes towards electroreduction of H2O2 were of the order of 10–7 M, with high sensitivity ranging from 6.0–15.4 mA.mM-1.cm-2.

Electrocatalytic oxidation and flow amperometric detection of hydrazine on a dinuclear ruthenium phthalocyanine-modified electrode

Electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine on a dinuclear ruthenium phthalocyanine ((RuPc)2) modified electrode was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disc electrode (RDE) techniques. At pH = 13, a four-electron oxidation of hydrazine to N2 was observed. A suitable mechanism was proposed by analyzing the rate equation and the Tafel slope. The flow injection analysis was performed to characterize the (RuPc)2-modified electrode as an amperometric sensor for the detection of hydrazine. The electrode displays an excellent accuracy and precision in phosphate solution at pH 12 and 13. The linearity range was from 30 nM to 1 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998.Key words: ruthenium phthalocyanine, electrocatalysis, surface-modified electrode, hydrazine, amperometric sensor.