Crystal structure of BIS(Betaine) hydrochloride monohydrate

Cobalt Deposition from Ionothermally Dissolved Cobalt Oxides

Owing to the environmental problems of numerous metal production processes, there is a growing need for more energy-efficient approaches. Cobalt is considered a strategic element that is extracted not only from ores but also from spent Li-ion batteries. One promising new approach is ionometallurgy, which is the extraction of metal oxides by ionic liquids (ILs). This study concerns new investigations into ionometallurgical processing of CoO, Co₃ O₄ , and LiCoO₂ in the IL betainium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [Hbet][NTf₂ ]. Three crystal structures of cobalt-betaine complex compounds and combined spectroscopic and diffraction studies provide insights into the dissolution process. In addition, an optimized dissolution procedure for metal oxides is presented, avoiding the previously reported decomposition of the IL. Subsequent cobalt electrodeposition is only possible from cationic complex species, highlighting the importance of a thorough understanding of the complex equilibria. The presented method is also compared to other recently reported approaches.

Synthesis, vibrational and quantum chemical investigations of hydrogen bonded complex betaine dihydrogen selenite

The molecular complex of betaine with selenious acid namely, betaine dihydrogen selenite (C(5)H(13)NO(5)Se, BDHSe) was synthesised by the reaction of betaine and SeO(2) in a 1:1:1 solution of isopropanol, methanol and water. Crystals were grown from this solution by cooling to 253 K for few days. The complex was formed without accompanying proton transfer from selenious acid molecule to betaine. The complete vibrational assignments and analysis of BDHSe have been performed by FTIR, FT-Raman and far-infrared spectral studies. More support on the experimental findings was added from the quantum chemical studies performed with DFT (B3LYP) method using 6-311++G(**), 6-31G(**), cc-pVDZ and 3-21G basis sets. The structural parameters, energies, thermodynamic parameters and the NBO charges of BDHSe were determined by the DFT method. The (1)H and (13)C isotropic chemical shifts (δ ppm) of BDHSe with respect to TMS were also calculated using the gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method and compared with the experimental data. SHG experiment was carried out using Kurtz-Perry powder technique. The efficiency of second harmonic generation for BDHSe was estimated relatively to KDP: d(eff)=0.97 d(eff) (KDP).

Beta-alanine-hydrochloride (2:1) crystal: structure, 13C NMR and vibrational properties, protonation character

The crystal structure of beta-alanine-hydrochloride (2:1) complex (2A-HCl) has been determined by X-ray diffraction method at 298 and 100 K as monoclinic, space group C2/c, Z=4. The crystal comprises chloride anions and protonated beta-alanine dimers: two beta-alanine zwitterions are joined by strong, symmetric (Ci) hydrogen bond with the O...O distance of 2.473 A at room temperature. Powder FT-IR and FT-Raman as well as solid state 13C NMR spectra provide insights into the solid structure of this complex, character of its hydrogen bonds and the beta-alanine protonation.