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García-Castro M, García-Iriepa C, Del Horno E, Martín A, Mena M, Pérez-Redondo A, Temprado M, Yélamos C. The Puzzling Monopentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium(III) Dichloride Reagent: Structure and Properties. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:5314-5324. [PMID: 30943022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Following the track of the useful titanocene [Ti(η5-C5H5)2Cl] reagent in organic synthesis, the related half-sandwich titanium(III) derivatives [Ti(η5-C5R5)Cl2] are receiving increasing attention in radical chemistry of many catalyzed transformations. However, the structure of the active titanium(III) species remains unknown in the literature. Herein, we describe the synthesis, crystal structure, and electronic structure of titanium(III) aggregates of composition [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)Cl2} n]. The thermolysis of [Ti(η5-C5Me5)Cl2Me] (1) in benzene or hexane at 180 °C results in the clean formation of [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)Cl(μ-Cl)}2] (2), methane, and ethene. The treatment of 1 with excess pinacolborane in hexane at 65 °C leads to a mixture of 2 and the paramagnetic trimer [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)(μ-Cl)2}3] (3). The X-ray crystal structures of compounds 2 and 3 show Ti-Ti distances of 3.267(1) and 3.219(12) Å, respectively. Computational studies (CASPT2//CASSCF and BS DFT methods) for dimer 2 reveal a singlet ground state and a relatively large singlet-triplet energy gap. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of 2 in aromatic hydrocarbon solutions and DFT calculations for several [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)Cl2} n] aggregates are consistent with the existence of an equilibrium between the diamagnetic dimer [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)Cl(μ-Cl)}2] and a paramagnetic tetramer [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)(μ-Cl)2}4] in solution. In contrast, complex 2 readily dissolves in tetrahydrofuran to give a green-blue solution from which blue crystals of the mononuclear adduct [Ti(η5-C5Me5)Cl2(thf)] (4) were grown.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Castro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain
| | - Cristina García-Iriepa
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain.,Departamento de Química , Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ) , 26006 Logroño , Spain
| | - Estefanía Del Horno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain
| | - Avelino Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain
| | - Miguel Mena
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain
| | - Adrián Pérez-Redondo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain
| | - Manuel Temprado
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain
| | - Carlos Yélamos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain
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Kaleta K, Arndt P, Spannenberg A, Rosenthal U. Unusual bond activation processes in the reaction of group 4 cyclopentadienyl alkyne complexes with azobenzene. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Theilmann O, Ruhmann M, Villinger A, Schulz A, Seidel WW, Kaleta K, Beweries T, Arndt P, Rosenthal U. [Cp2TiIII(NCy)2CTiIIICp2]: A Transient Titanocene Carbene Complex? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:9282-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Theilmann O, Ruhmann M, Villinger A, Schulz A, Seidel WW, Kaleta K, Beweries T, Arndt P, Rosenthal U. [Cp2TiIII(NCy)2C-TiIIICp2]: ein transienter Titanocen-Carbenkomplex? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201004145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Carbó JJ, González‐del Moral O, Martín A, Mena M, Poblet J, Santamaría C. Hydron‐Transfer Processes Involving an Organotitanium Oxide and Alcohols. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200801072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J. Carbó
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, c/ Marcel.lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Fax: +349‐7‐75‐59‐563
| | - Octavio González‐del Moral
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, c/ Marcel.lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Fax: +349‐7‐75‐59‐563
| | - Avelino Martín
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain, Fax: +34‐91‐885‐4683
| | - Miguel Mena
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain, Fax: +34‐91‐885‐4683
| | - J.‐M. Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, c/ Marcel.lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Fax: +349‐7‐75‐59‐563
| | - Cristina Santamaría
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain, Fax: +34‐91‐885‐4683
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Andrés R, Galakhov MV, Gómez-Sal MP, Martín A, Mena M, del Carmen Morales-Varela M, Santamaría C. Transfer hydrogenation processes to mu(3)-alkylidyne groups on the organotitanium oxide [Ti(3)Cp*O(3)]. Chemistry 2002; 8:805-11. [PMID: 11857695 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20020215)8:4<805::aid-chem805>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The photochemical treatment of mu(3)-alkylidyne complexes [[TiCp*(mu-O)](3)(mu(3)-CR)] (R=H (1), Me (2), Cp*=eta(5)-C(5)Me(5)) with the amines (2,6-Me(2)C(6)H(3))NH(2), Et(2)NH, and Ph(2)NH and the imine Ph(2)C=NH leads to the partial hydrogenation of the alkylidyne moiety that is supported on the organometallic oxide, [Ti(3)Cp*O(3)], and the formation of new oxoderivatives [[TiCp*(3)(mu-CHR)(R'NR")] (R"=2,6-Me(2)C(6)H(3), R'=H, R=H (3), Me (4); R'=R"=Et, R=H (5), Me (6); R'=R"=Ph, R=H (7), Me (8)) and [[TiCp*(mu-O)](3)(mu-CHR)(N=CPh(2))] (R=H (9), R=Me (10)), respectively. A sequential transfer hydrogenation process occurs when complex 1 is treated with tBuNH(2), which initially gives the mu-methylene [[TiCp*(mu-O)](3)(mu-CH(2))(HNtBu)] (11) complex and finally, the alkyl derivative [[TiCp*(mu-O)](3)(mu-NtBu)Me] (12). Furthermore, irradiation of solutions of the mu(3)-alkylidyne complexes 1 or 2 in the presence of diamines o-C(6)H(4)(NH(2))(2) and H(2)NCH(2)CH(2)NH(2) (en) affords [[TiCp*(mu-O)](3)(mu(3)-eta(2)-NC(6)H(4)NH)] (13) and [[TiCp*(mu-O)](3)(mu(3)-eta(2)-NC(2)H(4)NH)] (14) by either methane or ethane elimination, respectively. In the reaction of 1 with en, an intermediate complex [[TiCp*(mu-O)](3)(mu-CH(2))(NHCH(2)CH(2)NH(2))] (15) is detected by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Thermal treatment of the complexes 4-10 quantitatively regenerates the starting mu(3)-alkylidyne compounds and the amine R'(2)NH or the imine Ph(2)C=NH; however, heating of solutions of 3 or 4 in [D(6)]benzene or a equimolecular mixture of both at 170 degrees C produces methane, ethane, or both, and the complex [[TiCp*(mu-O)](3)[mu(3)-eta(2)-NC(6)H(3)(Me)CH(2)]] (16). The molecular structure of 8 has been established by single-crystal X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román Andrés
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario 28 871, Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain
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Molecular structures of tris(dimethylamido)-pentamethy-1-cyclopentadienyl-titanium and -zirconium, (η-C 5 Me 5 )M(NMe 2 ) 3 , M=Ti or Zr, by gas electron diffraction; DFT calculations on the model compound (η-C 5 H 5 )Ti(NMe 2 ) 3. J Mol Struct 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(01)00561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abarca A, Gómez-Sal P, Martín A, Mena M, Poblet JM, Yélamos C. Ammonolysis of mono(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) titanium(IV) derivatives. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:642-51. [PMID: 11272557 DOI: 10.1021/ic9907718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ammonolyses of mono(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) titanium(IV) derivatives [Ti(eta5-C5Me5)X3] (X = NMe2, Me, Cl) have been carried out in solution to give polynuclear nitrido complexes. Reaction of the tris(dimethylamido) derivative [Ti(eta5-C5Me5)(NMe2)3] with excess of ammonia at 80-100 degrees C gives the cubane complex [[Ti(eta5-C5Me5)]4(mu3-N)4] (1). Treatment of the trimethyl derivative [Ti(eta5-C5Me5)Me3] with NH3 at room temperature leads to the trinuclear imido-nitrido complex [[Ti(eta/5-CsMes)(mu-NH)]3(mu3-N)] (2) via the intermediate [[Ti(eta5-C5Me5)Me]2(mu-NH)2] (3). The analogous reaction of [Ti(eta5-C5Me5)Me3] with 2,4,6-trimethylaniline (ArNH2) gives the dinuclear imido complex [[Ti(eta5-C5Me5)Me])2(mu-NAr)2] (4) which reacts with ammonia to afford [[Ti(eta5-C5Me5)(NH2)]2(mu-NAr)2] (5). Complex 2 has been used, by treatments with the tris(dimethylamido) derivatives [Ti(eta5-C5H5-nRn)(NMe2)3], as precursor of the cubane nitrido systems [[Ti4(eta5-C5Me5)3(eta5-C5H5-nRn)](mu3-N)4] [R = Me n = 5 (1), R = H n = 0 (6), R = SiMe3 n = 1 (7), R = Me n = 1 (8)] via dimethylamine elimination. Reaction of [Ti(eta5-C5Me5)Cl3] or [Ti(eta5-C5Me5)(NMe2)Cl2] with excess of ammonia at room temperature gives the dinuclear complex [[Ti2(eta5-C5Me5)2Cl3(NH3)](mu-N)] (9) where an intramolecular hydrogen bonding and a nonlineal nitrido ligand bridge the "Ti(eta5-C5Me5)Cl(NH3)" and "Ti(eta5-C5Me5)Cl2" moieties. The molecular structures of [[Ti(eta5-C5Me5)Me]2 (mu-NAr)2] (4) and [[Ti2(eta5-C5Me5)2Cl3(NH3)](mu-N)] (9) have been determined by X-ray crystallographic studies. Density functional theory calculations also have been conducted on complex 9 to confirm the existence of an intramolecular N-H...Cl hydrogen bond and to evaluate different aspects of its molecular disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abarca
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Andrés R, Gómez-Sal P, De Jesús E, Martín A, Mena M, Yélamos C. Thermische Zersetzung von [(η5-C5Me5)TiMe3]: Synthese und Struktur des Methylidincubans [{(ν5-C5Me5)Ti}4(μ3-CH)4]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19971090117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Andrés R, Galakhov M, Gómez-Sal M, Martín A, Mena M, Santamaría C. Allyl derivatives of [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)(μ-O)Cl)}3]: X-ray crystal structure of [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)(μ-O)(CH2CH=CHMe)}3]. J Organomet Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(96)06546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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McGrady GS, Downs AJ, McKean DC, Haaland A, Scherer W, Verne HP, Volden HV. Molecular Structure of Dimethyldichlorotitanium(IV) by Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction, IR and NMR Spectroscopies, and Density Functional Theory Calculations. Unexpected Distortion from Tetrahedral Coordination Geometry. Inorg Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ic960177n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donald C. McKean
- Department of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
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Green MLH, Hughes AK, Popham NA, Stephens AHH, Wong LL. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on partially deuteriated transition metal–methyl derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1039/dt9920003077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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