Interceptive periodontics with electrosurgery

Electrosurgery and wound healing: a review of the literature

This literature review and discussion has presented evidence that some additional research needs to be done in this area. Particular attention should be paid to control certain variables: kind and type of waveform, shape and size of electrode, and speed of the electrode through the tissue so that meaningful results may be given to the dental profession. The evaluation of the literature seems to show that when the variables are controlled, untoward results of wound healing after electrosurgery seem unwarranted.

The destructive potential of electrosurgery on the periodontium

Three cases have been presented illustrating the complications which may arise from the use of electrosurgery. These cases provide clinical evidence of the potential for severe periodontal destruction, a potential that must be weighed carefully by any practitioner who uses an electrosurgical instrument. It is suggested that new scientific studies be initiated to establish basic principles that will eliminate the hazards that now exist in the routine use of electrosurgery.

A histologic comparison of effects of electrosurgical resection using different electrodes

Electrosurgery is a helpful adjunct to restorative dentistry, yet there often is damage to underlying connective tissue. In this study, small loop electrodes demonstrated a wider area of coagulation necrosis than was found with needle electrodes. In all instances, coagulation necrosis as a result of heat was noted. To help minimize tissue damage, very fine wire electrodes should be used, and entry into deep tissue layers should be avoided.

Effects of electrosurgery on the gingival attachment in rhesus monkeys

A biometric and histometric study of electrosurgical gingival "troughing" with a fully rectified current was accomplished in four Rhesus monkeys. The operation resulted in a statistically significant recession of the free gingival margin and loss of connective tissue attachment associated with apical migration of the junctional epithelium. Burn marks from contacts with the electrodes were observed on the cemental surfaces and in the dentin under the enamel close to the cemento-enamel junction. The cemental burn marks usually were covered by epithelium, which may explain the apical migration of the junctional epithelium observed in the experiemtal teeth. A slight loss of crestal alveolar bone occurred in the experimental areas and a bone sequestrum formed in one instance. Secondary dentin was found in response to electrosurgical contact of the cemental surface.

A histologic and electronic evaluation of electrosurgical currents: nonfiltered full-wave modulated vs. filtered current

A controlled system for examining the tissue alteration and healing of electrosurgically produced wounds was established. Standardization of width, depth, stroke, amperage, average voltage, and wave form was achieved. A histologic comparison of tissue alteration and healing produced by a conventional blade and two electrosurgical currents was carried out. The need for standarization of instrumentation and clinical procedures is discussed.