Carbon-coated subperiosteal dental implants for fixed and movable prostheses

Digital Workflows for Restoring Patient-Specific Implants and Digitally Designed Subperiosteal Implants

Classic subperiosteal implants (CSI) have been around for decades in the implant dentistry helping patients and surgeons especially with atrophic ridges. Since its introduction, there has been significant amount of development and researches around this technique. With the implementation of digital technology in oral surgery, there has been growing interest in revisiting CSI and developing patient-specific implants (PSI). Our goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution of subperiosteal implants and to address the treatment planning, design principles, and the fundamentals required for successful practice of PSI placement and restoration.

Long-Term Survival of Subperiosteal Implants: Meta-Analysis and Current Status of Subperiosteal Implants for Dental Rehabilitation

Subperiosteal implants have experienced fluctuating popularity since their inception. Initially introduced in the mid-20th century, they were overshadowed by the development and success of endosteal implants, which are now the standard in dental implantology. Modern subperiosteal implants are typically custom-made using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing technologies, which ensure a precise fit to the patient's bone anatomy. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the success rates, complications, and patient satisfaction associated with subperiosteal implants. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, focusing on clinical trials and observational studies that reported on the long-term outcomes of subperiosteal implants.

The Evolution of Custom Subperiosteal Implants for Treatment of Partial or Complete Edentulism in Patients with Severe Alveolar Ridge Atrophy

Dental implants have always played an important role in dentistry and have been used to replace missing teeth since around 600 AD. They can be classified into three groups: endosteal, subperiosteal, and transosteal. Over time, different materials have been used to manufacture dental implants and these, in turn, can be divided into three groups: metals, ceramics, and polymers. Today, the most commonly used treatment for edentulism is the use of endosteal implants. However, such an approach cannot be used in patients with severe alveolar ridge atrophy and, in such cases, custom subperiosteal implants are an alternative. This review article focuses on historical developments and improvements that have been made over recent years in treatment options for patients suffering from edentulism and significant resorption of the alveolar ridge. These treatment options involve the utilization of custom subperiosteal implants. This paper looks at the historical evolution of these implants, the significance of diagnostic imaging, and the application of the contemporary methods of production, such as CAD-CAM and additive manufacturing. The research emphasizes the importance of accuracy and personalization provided by these emerging technologies that have rendered subperiosteal implants a more feasible and less intrusive alternative for patients suffering from significant bone loss.

Primary stability of implant placement and loading related to dental implant materials and designs: A literature review

A variety of implant placement and loading protocols are identified, ranging from immediate implant placement on the day of extraction to delayed placement for at least 6 months after complete healing. The method of assessment of implant placement and loading plays an important role in the implantation. The expected clinical outcomes depend largely on multiple factors, such as the macroscopic design of the implant, surgical technique, and the quality and quantity of local bone in contact with the implant, which would be described in detail. The purpose of this literature review was to explore the relationship between the factors influencing the implant placement stability and implant design. By understanding the original appearance of implant design and the stability requirements of implant placement, it is hoped that more research in the future can meet the needs of dentists and patients.

Titanium and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) patient-specific sub-periosteal implants: two novel approaches for rehabilitation of the severely atrophic anterior maxillary ridge

The aim of this study was to assess two new protocols for single-stage rehabilitation of the severely atrophic maxillary ridge using customized porous titanium or polyether ether ketone (PEEK) sub-periosteal implants. Ten patients with a severely atrophic anterior maxillary alveolar ridge were divided randomly into two groups (five patients in each) to receive customized sub-periosteal implants fabricated via CAD/CAM technology: group 1, porous titanium implants; group 2, PEEK implants. Prosthetic loading with fixed acrylic bridges was performed 1 month postoperative. The implants were followed-up for 12 months and evaluated for the presence of any sign of radiographic bone resorption, mobility, infection, prosthetic fracture, or implant exposure. The immediate postoperative period was uneventful except for one case complicated by wound dehiscence in group 1. At 12 months, all implants were functionally stable and the patients were comfortable with the prostheses. No signs of radiographic bone resorption, mobility, infection, or prosthetic fracture were observed. Within the limitations of this study, the application of customized porous titanium and PEEK sub-periosteal implants produced through CAD/CAM technology appears to be an acceptable method for single-stage prosthetic rehabilitation of the severely atrophic edentulous anterior maxilla. This study was awarded the best case study at the academy of osseintegration annual meeting 2017, Orlando, Florida.

Biomaterials for implanted closed loop insulin delivery system: a review

The potential of five different groups of materials--carbons, glass and ceramics, polymers, hydrogels and collagen--as biomaterials in artificial implant applications is examined. In addition to the physical and/or structural properties of these materials, the blood and tissue responses to implants made of these biomaterials for various applications are presented. Emphasis is placed on materials related to the intended application; as catheter tips and biosensors for glucose to be used in conjunction with an implantable insulin delivery system as a complete artificial pancreas.

The response of bone to carbon--carbon composites

A cloth-sandwich construction of a carbon-carbon composite material has been implanted in the femora of a series of rats and the response of the bone to this material compared to the response to titanium. It is shown that the carbon provides for excellent hard tissue biocompatibility. When the composite has a surface texture associated with fibre run out there is a degree of bony attachment, the interfacial shear strength for the composite-bone system being significantly greater than that for the titanium-bone system during the period 4-40 weeks post implantation.