1
|
Irahara M, Maejima Y, Shinbo N, Yamauchi Y, Mizunuma H. Ulipristal acetate for Japanese women with symptomatic uterine fibroids: A double-blind, randomized, phase II dose-finding study. Reprod Med Biol 2020; 19:65-74. [PMID: 31956287 PMCID: PMC6955589 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and appropriate dose of ulipristal acetate (UPA) in Japanese women with symptomatic uterine fibroids (UFs). METHODS A total of 121 premenopausal women with UFs were enrolled to receive either placebo, UPA-2.5 mg, UPA-5 mg, UPA-10 mg, or leuprorelin acetate (LEU), a reference drug, for 12 weeks. The primary end point was the rate of patients having achieved amenorrhea for 35 days at Week 12. RESULTS The rates for amenorrhea were 4.5%, 60.0%, 72.7%, 88.0%, and 76.2% in the placebo, UPA-2.5 mg, UPA-5 mg, UPA-10 mg, and LEU groups, respectively. The median times to amenorrhea were 20.0, 5.0, 5.0, and 23.0 days for treatment with UPA-2.5 mg, UPA-5 mg, UPA-10 mg, and LEU, respectively. A significant dose-response of UPA for the rate of amenorrhea was observed. The overall incidence rates of adverse events were 45.8% in the placebo group, 56.5%-80.0% in the UPA groups, and 100.0% in the LEU group. There were no notable safety issues with UPA. CONCLUSIONS Ulipristal acetate was effective and well tolerated in Japanese women with UFs. The recommended dose of UPA is considered to be 10 mg.
Collapse
|
2
|
A 3D-QSAR Study on the Antitrypanosomal and Cytotoxic Activities of Steroid Alkaloids by Comparative Molecular Field Analysis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051113. [PMID: 29738470 PMCID: PMC6100617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of our research for new leads against human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), we report on a 3D-QSAR study for antitrypanosomal activity and cytotoxicity of aminosteroid-type alkaloids recently isolated from the African medicinal plant Holarrhena africana A. DC. (Apocynaceae), some of which are strong trypanocides against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Tbr), with low toxicity against mammalian cells. Fully optimized 3D molecular models of seventeen congeneric Holarrhena alkaloids were subjected to a comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). CoMFA models were obtained for both, the anti-Tbr and cytotoxic activity data. Model performance was assessed in terms of statistical characteristics (R², Q², and P² for partial least squares (PLS) regression, internal cross-validation (leave-one-out), and external predictions (test set), respectively, as well as the corresponding standard deviation error in prediction (SDEP) and F-values). With R² = 0.99, Q² = 0.83 and P² = 0.79 for anti-Tbr activity and R² = 0.94, Q² = 0.64, P² = 0.59 for cytotoxicity against L6 rat skeletal myoblasts, both models were of good internal and external predictive power. The regression coefficients of the models representing the most prominent steric and electrostatic effects on anti-Tbr and for L6 cytotoxic activity were translated into contour maps and analyzed visually, allowing suggestions for possible modification of the aminosteroids to further increase the antitrypanosomal potency and selectivity. Very interestingly, the 3D-QSAR model established with the Holarrhena alkaloids also applied to the antitrypanosomal activity of two aminocycloartane-type compounds recently isolated by our group from Buxus sempervirens L. (Buxaceae), which indicates that these structurally similar natural products share a common structure⁻activity relationship (SAR) and, possibly, mechanism of action with the Holarrhena steroids. This 3D-QSAR study has thus resulted in plausible structural explanations of the antitrypanosomal activity and selectivity of aminosteroid- and aminocycloartane-type alkaloids as an interesting new class of trypanocides and may represent a starting point for lead optimization.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hysteroscopic Patterns in Women on Treatment With Ulipristal Acetate 5 mg/day: A Preliminary Study. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2016; 23:664-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
4
|
Brache V, Sitruk-Ware R, Williams A, Blithe D, Croxatto H, Kumar N, Kumar S, Tsong YY, Sivin I, Nath A, Sussman H, Cochon L, Miranda MJ, Reyes V, Faundes A, Mishell D. Effects of a novel estrogen-free, progesterone receptor modulator contraceptive vaginal ring on inhibition of ovulation, bleeding patterns and endometrium in normal women. Contraception 2011; 85:480-8. [PMID: 22176795 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progesterone receptor modulators (PRMs) delivered by contraceptive vaginal rings provide an opportunity for development of an estrogen-free contraceptive that does not require daily oral intake of steroids. The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to determine whether continuous delivery of 600-800 mcg of ulipristal acetate (UPA) from a contraceptive vaginal ring could achieve 80% to 90% inhibition of ovulation. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective, controlled, open-labeled, multicenter international trial to examine the effectiveness and safety of this prototype vaginal ring. Thirty-nine healthy women, 21-40 years old and not at risk of pregnancy, were enrolled at three clinic sites. Volunteers participated in a control cycle, a 12-week treatment period and a post-treatment cycle. Pharmacodynamic effects on follicular function and inhibition of ovulation, effects on endometrium, bleeding patterns and serum UPA levels were evaluated. RESULTS Mean UPA levels during treatment were nearly constant, approximately 5.1 ng/mL throughout the study. Ovulation was documented in 32% of 111 "4-week treatment cycles." A correlation was observed between serum UPA and degree of inhibition of ovarian activity. There was no evidence of hyperplasia of endometrium, but PRM-associated endometrial changes were frequently observed (41%). CONCLUSION In this study, the minimum effective contraceptive dose was not established. Further studies are required testing higher doses of UPA to attain ovulation suppression in a higher percentage of subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Brache
- Biomedical Research Department, Profamilia, Santo Domingo 10401, Dominican Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jin C, Burgess JP, Kepler JA, Cook CE. Copper-Catalyzed Cyclization of Steroidal Acylaminoacetylenes: Syntheses of Novel 11β-Aryl-17,17- spiro[(4‘H,5‘-methylene)oxazol]-Substituted Steroids. Org Lett 2007; 9:1887-90. [PMID: 17439133 DOI: 10.1021/ol070447d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A variety of novel 11beta-aryl-17,17-spiro[(4'H,5'-methylene)oxazol]-substituted steroids have been synthesized in moderate to good yields via copper-catalyzed cyclization of acylaminoacetylenes. The best result was obtained with a catalytic amount of CuI in 1:1 benzene-Et3N at 90 degrees C for 30 min (Ar = 3,4-difluorophenyl; R = ethyl; 97% yield).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Jin
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Science and Engineering Group, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen H, Li Q, Yao X, Fan B, Yuan S, Panaye A, Doucet J. 3D-QSAR and Docking Study of the Binding Mode of Steroids to Progesterone Receptor in Active Site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200330820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
7
|
Sathya G, Jansen MS, Nagel SC, Cook CE, McDonnell DP. Identification and characterization of novel estrogen receptor-beta-sparing antiprogestins. Endocrinology 2002; 143:3071-82. [PMID: 12130573 DOI: 10.1210/endo.143.8.8942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone together regulate the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system. The actions of these two hormones are mediated by their respective nuclear receptors located within overlapping cell populations in target organs. The molecular mechanism of action of these two hormones has been defined to a large extent using estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) antagonists. In the case of ER, the available antagonists are highly receptor selective. With respect to PR, however, the available antiprogestins also interact with the receptors for glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens. Whereas these cross-reactivities can usually be managed in studies of female reproductive function, it is the recent demonstration that RU486 is an effective antagonist of the beta-isoform of ER that suggested the need for more selective antiprogestins. In this study, we used cell-based transcriptional assays combined with screens using coactivator peptide analogs to identify two novel classes of antiprogestins that distinguish themselves from the antiprogestin RU486 in the manner they interact with PR. One class exhibits the characteristics of a pure antiprogestin in that its members bind to the receptor and induce a conformational change that prevents the presentation of two potential coactivator binding surfaces on the protein. The second class of compounds distinguish themselves from RU486 in that they are ERbeta sparing. When tested in vivo the ER-sparing antiprogestins were as effective as RU486 in suppressing superovulation. It is anticipated that the availability of these new antiprogestins will advance the studies of PR pharmacology in a manner similar to how the availability of selective ER modulators has helped the study of ER action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Sathya
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cook CE, Raje P, Lee DYW, Kepler JA. Effect of a 17α-(3-Hydroxypropyl)-17β-acetyl Substituent Pattern on the Glucocorticoid and Progestin Receptor Binding of 11β-Arylestra-4,9-dien-3-ones. Org Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ol007067b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Edgar Cook
- Chemistry and Life Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194
| | - Prasad Raje
- Chemistry and Life Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194
| | - David Y.-W. Lee
- Chemistry and Life Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194
| | - John A. Kepler
- Chemistry and Life Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhi L, Tegley CM, Marschke KB, Jones TK. Switching androgen receptor antagonists to agonists by modifying C-ring substituents on piperidino[3,2-g]quinolinone. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:1009-12. [PMID: 10230629 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
New nonsteroidal human androgen receptor (hAR) agonists were developed from an hAR antagonist pharmacophore, 2(1H)-piperidino[3,2-g]quinolinone. (+/-)-trans-7,8-Diethyl-4-trifluoromethyl-2(H)-piperidino-[3,2-g]quinoli none was synthesized and demonstrated potent hAR agonist activity (EC50=3 nM) in the cell-based cotransfection assay and high binding affinity (Ki=16 nM) in the competitive receptor binding assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Zhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rao PN, Wang Z, Cessac JW, Rosenberg RS, Jenkins DJ, Diamandis EP. New 11 beta-aryl-substituted steroids exhibit both progestational and antiprogestational activity. Steroids 1998; 63:523-30. [PMID: 9800283 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(98)00060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of three 11 beta-aryl-19-norpregna-4,9-dien-3-one derivatives with 17-spirolactone and 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-cyanoethyl substitutions are described. The progesterone agonist/antagonist activities of the new compounds are investigated using a recently developed tissue culture system that relies on the progesterone agonist up-regulation of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene in female breast tumor cell lines. Two of the newly synthesized compounds exhibit mixed agonistic/antagonistic progestational activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P N Rao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas 78245-0549, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of several abeopregnane, steroidal heterocycles (A/B-transandrostano [2,3-d]isoxazole, and 17-spiroandrostano[2,3-c]furazan), and 6 alpha, 11 beta, 16 alpha-trisubstituted 19-norpregnadienedione on the influx of extracellular Ca2+ in human sperm. These steroidal compounds had minimal genomic progestational, androgenic, or estrogenic activity with the exception of 16 alpha-ethyl-6 alpha-methyl-11 beta-(4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-19- norpregna-4,9-diene-3,20-dione which was four times more progestational than progesterone. Some of the steroidal compounds, e.g., 16 alpha-ethyl-6 alpha-methyl-11 beta-(4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-19-nor- pregna-4,9-diene-3,20-dione and 2',3',4',5'-tetrahydrospiro[furan-2' beta, 17-androstano] [2,3-c]furazan produced an influx of Ca2+ into human spermatozoa. These studies indicate that high (10 microM) concentrations of certain steroidal compounds are selective for the sperm membrane progesterone receptor, since most of them have minimal genomic activity. The steroidal compounds that elicited an influx of Ca2+ caused an initial high influx but were not as potent as progesterone, since no effects were observed below 1 microM, whereas progesterone at 1 microM produced a maximum effect. Progesterone as well as the steroidal compounds caused a modest increase in the number of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. Molecular modeling revealed that 5 alpha-dihydro-2,3-fused and 4,4-dimethyl-5-ene-2,3-fused steroidal heterocycles possessing different conformations compared to that of progesterone are responsible for elevation of Ca2+. In conclusion, a unique non-genomic progesterone receptor is present on human spermatozoa and several steroidal compounds that do not have progestational effects may activate this sperm membrane receptor, resulting in Ca2+ influx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J Alexander
- Contraceptive Development Branch, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Teutsch G, Nique F, Lemoine G, Bouchoux F, Cérède E, Gofflo D, Philibert D. General structure-activity correlations of antihormones. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995; 761:5-28. [PMID: 7625749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb31365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Teutsch
- Centre de Recherches Roussel Uclaf 102, Romainville, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Poyser NL, Forcelledo ML. A comparison of the pregnancy-terminating potencies of three anti-progestins in guinea-pigs, and the effects of sulprostone. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994; 50:245-7. [PMID: 8066099 DOI: 10.1016/0952-3278(94)90161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The anti-progestins mifepristone, lilopristone (ZK 98734) and HRP 2000 were equipotent at terminating the pregnancy of guinea-pigs during mid-gestation, although mifepristone was more effective at low doses. Sulprostone administration on the day following anti-progestin treatment tended to increase the effectiveness of mifepristone and HRP 2000, without affecting the time interval between the start of the anti-progestin treatment and the day of abortion. It is concluded that, of the three afferent anti-progestins used, none is more potent than the other two at terminating pregnancy in the animal model used. The co-administration of a prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) analogue tends to increase the effectiveness of the anti-progestin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N L Poyser
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Scotland, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|