1
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Thick target yields of proton induced reactions on natural molybdenum. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 190:110474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2
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Tatari M, Dehghan Manshadi Z, Naik H. A theoretical study for the production of 32P radioisotope using neutrons from the 68Zn(p,n)68Ga reaction in a medical cyclotron. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 188:110347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Anwer M, Naz A, Ahmad I, Usman M, Hussain J, Ilyas SZ, Shahid M. Ion beam activation of natCu, natTi, natNi and measurement of product formation cross sections at low energy (<10 MeV). RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2021-1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study we investigated the production cross sections of natCu(p, x)63,65Zn, natTi(p, x)48V, natNi(p, x)55Co,61Cu and natCu(α, x)66,67,68Ga, natTi(α, x)49,51Cr, natNi(α, x)63,65Zn reactions in the low energy range using the foil activation technique. The samples were activated in vacuum at 5 MV tandem (Pelletron) accelerator installed at National Centre for Physics (NCP), Islamabad, Pakistan. The reaction products were identified with the help of off-line gamma ray spectroscopy system connected with Genie 2000 software. The data analysis revealed the production of different radioisotopes that have valuable importance in monitoring charged-particle beams and medical applications. The measured results were verified by comparing them with earlier evaluated data as well as with the theoretical values given in the TENDL-library based on TALYS-1.9 code calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahwish Anwer
- Experimental Physics Directorate , National Centre for Physics , Shahdra Valley Road, P.O. Box No.2141 , Islamabad , 44000 , Pakistan
- Department of Physics , Allama Iqbal Open University , 2 Ashfaq Ahmed Rd, H-8 , Islamabad 44000 , Pakistan
| | - Anam Naz
- Experimental Physics Directorate , National Centre for Physics , Shahdra Valley Road, P.O. Box No.2141 , Islamabad , 44000 , Pakistan
- Department of Physics , Allama Iqbal Open University , 2 Ashfaq Ahmed Rd, H-8 , Islamabad 44000 , Pakistan
| | - Ishaq Ahmad
- Experimental Physics Directorate , National Centre for Physics , Shahdra Valley Road, P.O. Box No.2141 , Islamabad , 44000 , Pakistan
- Joint International Research Institute of Nuclear Radiation Physics , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Experimental Physics Directorate , National Centre for Physics , Shahdra Valley Road, P.O. Box No.2141 , Islamabad , 44000 , Pakistan
| | - Javed Hussain
- Experimental Physics Directorate , National Centre for Physics , Shahdra Valley Road, P.O. Box No.2141 , Islamabad , 44000 , Pakistan
| | - Syed Zafar Ilyas
- Department of Physics , Allama Iqbal Open University , 2 Ashfaq Ahmed Rd, H-8 , Islamabad 44000 , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- National Institute of Safety and Security , Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority , G-8/1, P.O. Box No. 1912 , Islamabad , 44080 , Pakistan
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4
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Uddin MS, Hossain SM, Shariff MA, Rakib-uz-Zaman M. An overview of activation cross-section measurements of some neutron and charged-particle induced reactions in Bangladesh. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2021-1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Over the last several decades, our research group has been working on nuclear data measurements using a J-25 Neutron Generator, a TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor and a Tandem Accelerator at Savar, as well as an Am/Be neutron source at Rajshahi. The spectrum of fast neutrons having energies from 0.5 to 20 MeV in the core of the TRIGA reactor as well as from 1.5 to 11 MeV of the Am/Be source was well characterized for validation of evaluated data of neutron threshold reactions. Spectrum-averaged cross sections were determined by integral measurements. The integral values measured at both the reactor and the Am/Be source were compared with the integrated data deduced from measured and evaluated excitation functions of some nuclear reactions given in some data libraries. As example, the details on the integral and integrated cross sections of the 64Zn(n,p)64Cu and 60Ni(n,p)60Co reactions are discussed. In both cases, integral test shows that further improvement of the evaluated excitation function reported in data libraries is needed. The use of a newly developed facility at the 3 MV Tandem Accelerator in measurement of proton induced reaction cross sections in the energy region below 5 MeV is outlined, and new results on the 64Ni(p,n)64Cu and natNi(p,x)61Cu processes below 3 MeV are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Shuza Uddin
- Tandem Accelerator Facilities, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment , Savar , Dhaka , Bangladesh
| | - Syed M. Hossain
- Planning and Development Division , Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission , Agargaon , Dhaka , Bangladesh
| | - M. Asad Shariff
- Tandem Accelerator Facilities, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment , Savar , Dhaka , Bangladesh
| | - M. Rakib-uz-Zaman
- Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Rajshahi University , Rajshahi 6205 , Bangladesh
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5
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Ali W, Zeeshan M, Hussain M, Zaneb H. Evaluation of nuclear reaction cross sections data for the production of 65Zn via proton and deuteron induced reactions on natCu. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Colombi A, Carante MP, Barbaro F, Canton L, Fontana A. Production of High-Purity 52gMn from natV Targets with Alpha Beams at Cyclotrons. NUCL TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2021.1947122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Colombi
- INFN - Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università di Pavia,Dipartimento di Fisica, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - F. Barbaro
- INFN - Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - L. Canton
- INFN - Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A. Fontana
- INFN - Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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7
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Barrett KE, Houson HA, Lin W, Lapi SE, Engle JW. Production, Purification, and Applications of a Potential Theranostic Pair: Cobalt-55 and Cobalt-58m. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11071235. [PMID: 34359318 PMCID: PMC8306844 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging success of [68Ga/177Lu]Ga/Lu-DOTATATE as a theranostic pair has spurred interest in other isotopes as potential theranostic combinations. Here, we review cobalt-55 and cobalt-58m as a potential theranostic pair. Radionuclidically pure cobalt-55 and cobalt-58m have been produced on small cyclotrons with high molar activity. In vitro, DOTATOC labeled with cobalt has shown greater affinity for SSTR2 than DOTATOC labeled with gallium and yttrium. Similarly, [58mCo]Co-DOTATATE has shown improved cell-killing capabilities as compared to DOTATATE labeled with either indium-111 or lutetium-177. Finally, PET imaging with an isotope such as cobalt-55 allows for image acquisition at much later timepoints than gallium, allowing for an increased degree of biological clearance of non-bound radiotracer. We discuss the accelerator targetry and radiochemistry used to produce cobalt-55,58m, emphasizing the implications of these techniques to downstream radiotracers being developed for imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall E. Barrett
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53711, USA; (K.E.B.); (W.L.)
| | - Hailey A. Houson
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.A.H.); (S.E.L.)
| | - Wilson Lin
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53711, USA; (K.E.B.); (W.L.)
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.A.H.); (S.E.L.)
| | - Jonathan W. Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53711, USA; (K.E.B.); (W.L.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Correspondence:
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8
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Liu B, Han R, Yuan C, Sun H, Chen Z, Tian G, Shi F, Zhang X, Luo P, Jia H. Excitation functions of proton induced reactions on titanium and copper. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 173:109713. [PMID: 33865051 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Excitation functions of the Tnati(p,x)S43,47c, V48 and Cnatu(p,x)64Cu, Z62,65n reactions were measured in the energy range of 8.8-18.4 MeV by using the stacked-foil activation technique and off-line gamma spectroscopy. The irradiation was carried out at the superconducting linac of the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Besides, the reliability and effectiveness of theoretical data from the TALYS code, recommended data of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and evaluated nuclear data of the ENDF/B-VIII.0, JENDL-4.0/HE and PADF-2007 libraries were evaluated and verified by comparing with experimental data. Our experimental results agree with most of the available literature data. TALYS-1.95 code could not reproduce, in most cases, the experimental data. Evaluated nuclear data from the ENDF/B-VIII.0, JENDL-4.0/HE and PADF-2007 libraries are able to reproduce, in most cases, the experimental data trend. Recommended data of the IAEA are in good consistent with our work and most of the available literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - R Han
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - C Yuan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - H Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Z Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - G Tian
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - F Shi
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - P Luo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - H Jia
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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9
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Aslam MT, Ali W, Hussain M. Nuclear model analysis of the 65Cu(α, n) 68Ga reaction for the production of 68Ga up to 40 MeV. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 170:109590. [PMID: 33493791 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The charge particle (α) induced reactions on enriched copper (65Cu) are investigated for the production of 68Ga. The data sets of experimental cross sections are compiled, normalized and nuclear model analysis is done using calculational codes namely, ALICE-IPPE, TALYS 1.95 and EMPIRE 3.2. The theoretical production cross sections via alpha particle induced reactions are calculated to present a set of recommended cross sections. The calculated cross sections are utilized to deduce thick target yield (TTY) for the 65Cu (α, n) 68Ga reaction. The range of energy for production of 68Ga is suggested up to 40 MeV having least contribution of radio-impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waris Ali
- Department of Physics, Government Islamia College, Civil Lines, Lahore, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Hussain
- Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
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10
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Naik H, Suryanarayana SV, Murali MS, Kapote Noy R. Excitation function of 68Zn(p,n)68Ga reaction for the production of 68Ga. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Adel D, Mohamed GY, Yousef Z, El Wahab MA, Ditrói F, Takács S, Al-Abyad M. Experimental investigation and theoretical evaluation of proton induced nuclear reactions on nickel. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 159:109094. [PMID: 32250768 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cross-sections for proton-induced nuclear reactions on natural nickel were experimentally measured for the natNi(p,x)60,61,64Cu, natNi(p,x)55,57,58Co and natNi(p,x)57Ni reactions from their respective thresholds up to 17 MeV proton energy. The stacked-foil technique in combination with HPGe γ-ray spectroscopy was used. Three codes were used in the theoretical calculations namely ALICE-IPPE, EMPIRE-3.2.2 and TENDL-2017. Comparison of the present results with the earlier reported experimental data and with the code results were carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Adel
- Physics Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Gehan Y Mohamed
- Nuclear Physics Department (Cyclotron Facility), Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt.
| | - Zeinab Yousef
- Physics Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Magda Abd El Wahab
- Physics Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - F Ditrói
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, H4026, Hungary
| | - S Takács
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, H4026, Hungary
| | - M Al-Abyad
- Nuclear Physics Department (Cyclotron Facility), Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
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12
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Sitarz M, Cussonneau JP, Matulewicz T, Haddad F. Radionuclide candidates for β+γ coincidence PET: An overview. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 155:108898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Excitation functions and yield measurements for Proton Induced Reactions in Stainless Steel: Special relevance to Proton Activation Analysis. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 151:166-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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El Sayed R, Massicano AV, Queern SL, Loveless CS, Lapi SE. Manganese-52 production cross-section measurements via irradiation of natural chromium targets up to 20 MeV. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 147:165-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Tárkányi FT, Ignatyuk AV, Hermanne A, Capote R, Carlson BV, Engle JW, Kellett MA, Kibédi T, Kim GN, Kondev FG, Hussain M, Lebeda O, Luca A, Nagai Y, Naik H, Nichols AL, Nortier FM, Suryanarayana SV, Takács S, Verpelli M. Recommended nuclear data for medical radioisotope production: diagnostic positron emitters. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Lawriniang B, Ghosh R, Badwar S, Yerraguntla SS, Jyrwa B, Naik H, Naik YP, Suryanarayana SV. Measurements of 60Ni(p,n)60Cu reaction cross-sections and covariance analysis of the uncertainty. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Measurement of excitation functions of residual radionuclides from natTi(p,x) reactions up to 44 MeV. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Recommended nuclear data for medical radioisotope production: diagnostic gamma emitters. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Excitation functions of proton induced nuclear reactions on natFe up to 16 MeV, with emphasis on radiochemical determination of low cross sections. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2017-2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractExcitation functions for the formation of the radionuclides
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20
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Khandaker MU, Ali SK, Kassim HA, Yusof N. Evaluated cross-sections of 55 Co radionuclide, a non-standard positron emitter for clinical applications. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Evaluation of excitation functions of the 68,67, 66 Zn(p,xn) 68,67, 66 Ga and 67 Zn(p,α) 64 Cu reactions: Validation of evaluated data through comparison with experimental excitation functions of the nat Zn(p,x) 66, 67 Ga and nat Zn(p,x) 64 Cu processes. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 96:102-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Kakavand T, Mirzaii M, Eslami M, Valizadeh S. Cyclotron production of 52Mn and Monte Carlo benchmarking. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Cross-sections for (p,x) reactions on natural chromium for the production of (52,52m,54)Mn radioisotopes. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 96:154-161. [PMID: 25497324 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The production of positron-emitting isotopes of manganese is potentially important for developing contrast agents for dual-modality positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging, as well as for in vivo imaging of the biodistribution and toxicity of manganese. The decay properties of (52)Mn make it an excellent candidate for these applications, and it can easily be produced by bombardment of a chromium target with protons or deuterons from a low-energy biomedical cyclotron. Several parameters that are essential to this mode of production—target thickness, beam energy, beam current, and bombardment time—depend heavily on the availability of reliable, reproducible cross-section data. This work contributes to the routine production of (52g)Mn for biomedical research by contributing experimental cross-sections for natural chromium ((nat)Cr) targets for the (nat)Cr(p,x)(52g)Mn reaction, as well as for the production of the radiocontaminants (52m,54)Mn.
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24
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Excitation functions of nat Zn(p,x) nuclear reactions with proton beam energy below 18 MeV. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 94:67-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Aslam M, Qaim S. Nuclear model analysis of excitation functions of proton and deuteron induced reactions on 64 Zn and 3 He- and α-particle induced reactions on 59 Co leading to the formation of copper-61: Comparison of major production routes. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 94:131-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Aslam M, Qaim S. Nuclear model analysis of excitation functions of proton, deuteron and α-particle induced reactions on nickel isotopes for production of the medically interesting copper-61. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 89:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Activation cross-sections of proton induced reactions on natural Ni up to 65MeV. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 92:73-84. [PMID: 25014547 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Production cross-sections of the (nat)Ni(p,x)(60,61)Cu, (56,57)Ni, (55,56,57,58)Co nuclear reactions were measured in five experiments up to 65MeV by using a stacked foil activation technique. The results were compared with the available literature values, predictions of the nuclear reaction model codes ALICE-IPPE, TALYS-1.4, and extracted data from the TENDL-2012 library. Spline fits were made on the basis of selected data, from which physical yields were calculated and compared with the literature values. The applicability of the (nat)Ni(p,x)(57)Ni, (57)Co reactions for thin layer activation (TLA) was investigated. The production rate for (55)Co was compared for proton and deuteron induced reactions on Ni.
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28
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29
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Buchholz M, Spahn I, Scholten B, Coenen HH. Cross-section measurements for the formation of manganese-52 and its isolation with a non-hazardous eluent. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2013.2083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Summary
With respect to the production of no-carrieradded 52Mn nuclear reactions on natural chromium were investigated. Cross sections of the reactions natCr(p, x)48V, 48,49,51Cr, 52g,mMn were determined in the proton energy range of 7.6 to 45MeV. Additionally, production yields of 52g,mMn and 51Cr were measured in the energy range from 8.2 to 16.9MeV and therefrom the calculated saturation thick target yields were obtained as (2.55±0.31), (6.96±0.57), and (1.53±0.15) GBq/μA, respectively. For in vivo applications like PET, low toxicity is critical and sufficient activity of a radiolabelled compound mandatory. Thus, additional purification steps after separation of radionuclides and target materials have to be avoided. However, no isolation procedure has been reported in the literature so far where radiomanganese is directly obtained in a nonhazardous solution. Therefore a new separation procedure was developed utilizing the cation-exchange resin DOWEX 50W×8 (H+-form). 52gMn was quantitatively isolated from “bulk” chromium after 3 to 4 h in non-hazardous 0.067M ammonium citrate solution. Up to 99% of 52gMn activity was harvested within 10 to 15 mL eluent solution with no measureable 51Cr impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Buchholz
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - I. Spahn
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - B. Scholten
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - H. H. Coenen
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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Sadeghi M, Zandi N, Bakhtiari M. Nuclear model calculation for cyclotron production of 61Cu as a PET imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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31
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Alharbi AA, Azzam A. Theoretical calculations of the reaction cross-sections for proton-induced reactions on natural copper using ALICE-IPPE code. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 70:88-98. [PMID: 21996672 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical study of the nuclear-reaction cross sections for proton-induced reactions on (63)Cu and (65)Cu was performed in the proton energy range from threshold values up to 50MeV. The produced nuclei were different isotopes of Zn, Cu, Ni, Co and Mn, some of which have important applications. The reaction cross-section calculations were performed using the ALICE-IPPE code, which depends on the pre-equilibrium compound nucleus model. This code is suitable for the studied energy and isotopic mass ranges. Approximately 14 excitation functions for the different reactions have been constructed from the calculated cross-section values. The excitation function curves for the proton reactions with natural copper targets have been constructed from those for enriched targets using the natural abundance of the copper isotopes. Comparisons between the calculated excitation functions with those previously experimentally measured are given whenever the experimental values were available. Some statistical parameters were introduced to control the quality of the fitting between both the experimental and the theoretical calculated cross-section values.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Alharbi
- Faculty of Sciences, Physics Department, Princess Nora University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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32
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Electrodeposition iron target for the cyclotron production of 55Co in labeling proteins. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Alharbi AA, Alzahrani J, Azzam A. Activation cross-section measurements of some proton induced reactions on Ni, Co and Mo for proton activation analysis (PAA) purposes. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2011. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2011.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The experimental proton induced reaction cross sections on some elements of the Havar alloy were measured using the activation method and the well established stacked-foil technique combined with high resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy. They included the reactions natNi(p,x)57Ni, natCo(p,x)58(m+g)Co and natMo(p,x)94g,95g,96(m+g)Tc, the aim being to obtain reliable data in the proton energy range up to 26 MeV for some important reactions to be used in the proton activation analysis of steel or other alloys. Irradiations were performed using the CS-30 Cyclotron at KFSH and RC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The activity measurements were carried out in PNU laboratories, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The experimental excitation functions for the investigated reactions were constructed and compared with the performed computed theoretical nuclear model calculations using two different codes: ALICE-IPPE and TALYS. A comparison between our measured cross-section values and the available published data is also presented, with a view to checking the consistency of the reported experimental work from various laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Alzahrani
- Princess Nora Bint Abdul Rahman University, Faculty of Sciences, Physics Department, Riyadh 11324, Saudi-Arabien
| | - A. Azzam
- Nuclear Recearch Center , A.E.A ,, Nuclear Physics Department, Cairo, Ägypten
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34
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Klein A, Rösch F, Qaim SM. Investigation of 50Cr(d,n)51Mn and natCr(p,x)51Mn processes with respect to the production of the positron emitter 51Mn. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2000.88.5.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The positron emitter 51Mn (t1/2 = 46.2 min, Iβ+
= 97%) is of potential interest in positron emission tomography (PET). With a view to optimizing its production route, excitation functions for deuteron induced nuclear reactions on isotopically enriched (~95%) 50Cr were determined radiochemically over the energy range of 3 to 13 MeV and for proton induced nuclear reactions on natCr in the range of 18 to 38 MeV. Cross sections are presented for the reactions: 50Cr(d,2n) 50mMn, 50Cr(d,n) 51Mn, 50Cr(d,t)49Cr, 50Cr(d,p)51Cr, 50Cr(d,a)48V, 52Cr(d,2p)52V, natCr(p,x) 51Mn, natCr(p,x)52Mn, natCr(p,x)52mMn, natCr(p,x)54Mn, natCr(p,x)48Cr, natCr(p,x)49Cr, natCr(p,x) 51Cr, natCr(p,x)48V and natCr(p,x)45Ti. In the case of proton induced reactions on natCr, the isomeric cross section ratio for the isomeric pair 52m,gMn was also determined. The results are interpreted in terms of the spins of the two isomers concerned. Theoretical thick target yields were derived from the corresponding excitation functions. The maximum achievable thick target yield of 51Mn is 1.1 GBq/μAh in the case of the 50Cr(d,n) 51Mn reaction at Ed = 14 → 3 MeV, and 3.2 GBq/μAh in the case of the natCr(p,x)51Mn process for Ep = 40 → 20 MeV. The 50Cr(d,n) 51Mn process is the favourable production route for 51Mn, since the radioisotopic purity is high and a small-sized medical cyclotron is adequate to produce this positron emitter in sufficient quantities.
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35
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Zarie K, Al-Hammad N, Azzam A. Experimental study of excitation functions of some proton induced reactions on natTi for beam monitoring purposes. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2006.94.12.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Excitation functions of proton induced reactions on natTi, leading to the formation of 43,44m,44g,47Sc and 48V, were measured using the stacked-foil technique over the proton energies starting from the respective reaction threshold up to 27.5 MeV. The new experimental values were compared with earlier reported data. In general good agreement was found. Also in the case of 48V the results were compared with the cross-section values recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency. A good agreement was observed.
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36
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Al-Saleh FS, Al-Harbi AA, Azzam A. Excitation functions of proton induced nuclear reactions on natural copper using a medium-sized cyclotron. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2006.94.8.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Activation techniques have been used to measure the excitation functions of proton induced nuclear reactions on natural copper from their thresholds up to 27.5 MeV. The beam current was measured using a Faraday cup with secondary electron suppression, and the radioactivity of the products was determined via high-resolution gamma ray spectrometry. The data were compared with the data recommended by the IAEA wherever it was possible. A comparison of the new excitation functions with the theoretical calculations reported in the literature was undertaken to check the order of agreement between them. Good agreement was found for the results of 63Zn while the theoretical calculations overestimate the cross sections for 61Cu and 62Zn. The excitation function for the reaction natCu(p, x) 61Co was measured for the first time during this work. The integral yields of the radionuclides 62,63,65Zn, 61Cu and 61Co were calculated. 63Zn and 65Zn are produced over the whole energy range of 3 to 27.5 MeV and the yield gets saturated above 20 MeV. 62Zn, 61Cu and 61Co are produced at relatively high energies and have integral yield values between those of 63Zn and 65Zn. The relatively high yield of 62Zn is useful for the production of 62Zn/62Cu generator system.
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37
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Investigations of the natTi(p,x)43,44m,44g,46,47,48Sc,48V nuclear processes up to 40MeV. Appl Radiat Isot 2009; 67:1348-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Al-Abyad M, Comsan MNH, Qaim SM. Excitation functions of proton-induced reactions on natFe and enriched 57Fe with particular reference to the production of 57Co. Appl Radiat Isot 2008; 67:122-8. [PMID: 18755594 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Excitation functions of the reactions (nat)Fe(p,xn)(55,56,57,58)Co, (nat)Fe(p,x)(51)Cr, (nat)Fe(p,x)(54)Mn, (57)Fe(p,n)(57)Co and (57)Fe(p,alpha)(54)Mn were measured from their respective thresholds up to 18.5MeV, with particular emphasis on data for the production of the radionuclide (57)Co (T(1/2)=271.8d). The conventional stacked-foil technique was used, and the samples for irradiation were prepared by an electroplating or sedimentation process. The measured excitation curves were compared with the data available in the literature as well as with results of nuclear model calculations. From the experimental data, the theoretical yields of the investigated radionuclides were calculated as a function of the proton energy. Over the energy range E(p)=15-->5MeV the calculated yield of (57)Co from the (57)Fe(p,n)(57)Co process amounts to 1.2MBq/microAh and from the (nat)Fe(p,xn)(57)Co reaction to 0.025MBq/microAh. The radionuclidic impurity levels are discussed. Use of highly enriched (57)Fe as target material would lead to formation of high-purity (57)Co.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al-Abyad
- Institut für Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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39
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Al-Saleh FS, Al Mugren KS, Azzam A. Excitation function measurements and integral yields estimation for natZnp,x reactions at low energies. Appl Radiat Isot 2007; 65:1101-7. [PMID: 17600723 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 05/05/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Excitation functions have been measured for a number of proton-induced nuclear reactions on natural zinc in the energy range from 27.5 MeV down to their threshold energy, using the activation method on stacked foils. Excitation functions and thick target yield for the reactions leading to the formation of (67)Ga,(66)Ga,(68)Ga,(62)Zn and (65)Zn are presented and compared with earlier reported experimental data. The experimental cross-sections and the production yields are tabulated; the excitation functions and the thick target yield curves are plotted in graphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Al-Saleh
- Physics Department, Girls College of Education in Riyadh, PO Box 27329, Riyadh 11417, Saudi Arabia.
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40
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Al Saleh FS, Al Mugren KS, Azzam A. Excitation functions of (p,x) reactions on natural nickel between proton energies of 2.7 and 27.5MeV. Appl Radiat Isot 2007; 65:104-13. [PMID: 17015019 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2005] [Revised: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 06/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Excitation functions have been measured for a number of proton induced nuclear reactions on natural nickel in the energy range from 27.5 MeV down to their threshold energy, using the activation method on stacked foils. Excitation functions for the reactions leading to the formation of (60)Cu, (61)Cu, (56)Ni, (57)Ni, (55)Co, (56)Co, (57)Co and (58)Co are presented and compared with earlier reported experimental data. Comparison with the recommended data reported by the International Atomic Energy Agency [Gul et al., 2001. Charged particle cross section database for medical radioisotope production. IAEA-TECDOC-1211, IAEA Vienna, Austria] is also presented when possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Al Saleh
- Physics Department Girls College of Education in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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41
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Szelecsényi F, Steyn GF, Kovács Z, van der Walt TN, Suzuki K. Comments on the feasibility of 61Cu production by proton irradiation of (nat)Zn on a medical cyclotron. Appl Radiat Isot 2006; 64:789-91. [PMID: 16545571 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Revised: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Feasibility of 61Cu production in high radionuclidic purity form via (nat)Zn(p,x) 61Cu nuclear process is discussed. Based on the experimentally available cross-sections of the (nat)Zn(p,x) 61Cu, (nat)Zn(p,x) 60Cu and (nat)Zn(p,x) 64Cu nuclear processes the usefulness of the (nat)Zn(p,x) 61Cu process for high-scale production is questionable in the 22 --> 12 MeV energy range.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Szelecsényi
- Cyclotron Department, Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI), H-4026, Bem tér 18/C, Debrecen, Hungary.
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42
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Rowshanfarzad P, Sabet M, Jalilian AR, Kamalidehghan M. An overview of copper radionuclides and production of 61Cu by proton irradiation of (nat)Zn at a medical cyclotron. Appl Radiat Isot 2005; 64:1563-73. [PMID: 16377202 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2005] [Revised: 10/09/2005] [Accepted: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this article, production methods and applications of copper radionuclides are overviewed with special attention toward (61)Cu, due to its interesting nuclear properties. Selection of production parameters for (61)Cu including: appropriate nuclear reaction, proton beam energy, target thickness and targetry method are discussed for NRCAM 30MeV medical cyclotron. (64)Zn(p,alpha)(61)Cu was selected as the best reaction and (61)Cu was produced by 22MeV proton bombardment of a 80 microm thick natural zinc target. After 180microAh irradiation, the resultant activity of (61)Cu was 6.006Ci (12.015mCi/microAh). The chemical separation method was easy, quick and efficient (>95%) and yielded a no carrier added product with high chemical and radionuclidic purity (>99%). Detailed comparison with previous production methods confirms that our results are superior to other reports published to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Rowshanfarzad
- Cyclotron and Nuclear Medicine Department, Nuclear Research Center for Agriculture and Medicine (NRCAM), Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, P.O. Box: 31485-498, Moazzen Blvd., Rajaeeshahr, Karaj, Iran.
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43
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Gul K. Calculations for the excitation functions of 3-26 MeV proton reactions on 66Zn, 67Zn and 68Zn. Appl Radiat Isot 2001; 54:311-8. [PMID: 11200894 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(00)00289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Calculation of excitation functions of 66Zn(p,n)66Ga, 66Zn(p,n + p)65Zn, 66Zn(p,2n)65Ga, 67Zn(p,2n)66Ga, 68Zn(p,n)68Ga, 68Zn(p,2n)67Ga natZn(p,xn)66Ga and natZn(p,xn)67Ga reactions has been carried out using the statistical and pre-equilibrium nuclear reaction models in the 3-26 MeV energy range. The calculational results are compared with the reported measurements and evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gul
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Islamabad.
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44
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Hermanne A, Szelecsényi F, Sonck M, Takács S, Tárkányi F, Van den Winkel P. New cross section data on68Zn(p, 2n)67Ga andnatZn(p,xn)67Ga nuclear reactions for the development of a reference data base. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02349423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Sonck M, Hermanne A, Szelecsényi F, Takács S, Tárkányi F. Study of the natNi(p,x)57Ni process up to 44MeV for monitor Purposes. Appl Radiat Isot 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(98)00060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Szelecsényi F, Boothe TE, Takács S, Tárkányi F, Tavano E. Evaluated cross section and thick target yield data bases of Zn+p processes for practical applications. Appl Radiat Isot 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(97)10103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Sudár S, Qaim SM. Excitation functions of proton and deuteron induced reactions on iron and alpha-particle induced reactions on manganese in the energy region up to 25 MeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1994; 50:2408-2419. [PMID: 9969929 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.50.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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48
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Szelecsényi F, Boothe TE, Tavano E, Plitnikas ME, Tárkányi F. Compilation of cross sections/thick target yields for 66Ga, 67Ga and 68Ga production using Zn targets up to 30 MeV proton energy. Appl Radiat Isot 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0969-8043(94)90114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Szelecsényi F, Blessing G, Qaim S. Excitation functions of proton induced nuclear reactions on enriched 61Ni and 64Ni: Possibility of production of no-carrier-added 61Cu and 64Cu at a small cyclotron. Appl Radiat Isot 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0969-8043(93)90172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Friedli C, Schweikert EA, Lerch P. Studies in heavy ion activation analysis trace determination possibilities with9Be bombardment. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02035784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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