Computed tomography of the jaws in familial adenomatosis coli

Frontal peripheral osteomas: a retrospective study

BACKGROUND

Osteomas are benign, slow-growing bone tumors that can be classified as central, peripheral, or extraskeletal. Central osteomas arise from the endosteum, peripheral osteomas from the periosteum, and extraskeletal osteomas within the muscle. Frontal peripheral osteomas are mainly encountered in plastic surgery. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with frontal peripheral osteomas.

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who visited our hospital with frontal peripheral osteomas between January 2014 and June 2022. We analyzed the following variables: age, sex, tumor type (sessile or pedunculated), single or multiple, size, history of head trauma, operation, and recurrence.

RESULTS

A total of 39 patients and 41 osteomas were analyzed, of which 29 osteomas (71%) were sessile and 12 osteomas (29%) were pedunculated. The size of the osteomas ranged from 4 to 30 mm, with an average size of 10 mm. The age of patients ranged from 4 to 78 years with a mean age of 52 years. There were seven men (18%) and 32 women (82%), and the man-to-woman ratio was 1:4.6. Two patients (5%) had multiple masses, with two osteomas in each, while only two patients (5%) had a history of head trauma. Twenty-nine patients (74%) underwent ostectomy by a direct approach, and none of the patients experienced recurrence.

CONCLUSION

The epidemiologic data of our study will help plastic surgeons encounter frontal peripheral osteomas in the field to provide proper management for their patients.

The role of Cone beam CT in the evaluation and management of a family with Gardner's syndrome

Gardner's syndrome (GS) is a hereditary autosomal dominant disease of the colon that presents with extra-colonic manifestations such as osteomas, skin lesions and dental abnormalities. Osteomas are commonly found in the skull, jaws and the paranasal sinuses. We present a family of four sisters affected with GS with a wide range of anomalies. The role of Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the early detection and evaluation of osteomas and dental anomalies with precise assessment of their relationship to adjacent anatomic structures is described here in detail. The careful interpretation of CBCT may be of a great value in surgical and orthodontic treatment planning in the presence of jaw lesions. Management of dental problems in GS may be challenging due to the presence of odontomas and increased bone density. A multidisciplinary approach in the management of GS can achieve the best treatment results.

Oral and maxillofacial manifestations of familial adenomatous polyposis

Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) develop multiple premalignant colorectal adenomas. Untreated, one or more of these polyps will progress to colorectal carcinoma in middle-aged adults. Extra-intestinal manifestations of FAP are frequently observed and this combination has been called Gardner's syndrome. Oral and maxillofacial symptoms of FAP include an increased risk of jaw osteomas, odontomas and supernumerary or unerupted teeth. Early diagnosis of FAP is crucial and may be life saving. As oral signs usually precede gastrointestinal symptoms, the dentist may play an important role in the diagnosis of FAP.

Radiographic assessment of Gardner's syndrome

The detection of osteomas in the maxillofacial region may be the initial clinical finding in Gardner's syndrome (GS). The most common location of osteomas is in the skull, but the lesion can also occur in the jaws. We present a case of a 47 year old male patient with GS who was referred for radiological evaluation. Extraoral examination revealed an epidermoid cyst and the patient had a history of intestinal polyps. A panoramic radiograph demonstrated numerous osteomas and diffuse sclerosis of the mandible, and compound odontomas with impacted teeth. CT scan allowed the localization and extension of the osteomas, and showed other sites in the maxillofacial region as well. CT images also revealed a different behaviour of osteoma, invading the mandibular canal.

Peripheral osteoma of the maxilla: report of an unusual case

Peripheral osteomas of the maxilla are relatively rare. A case of a solitary peripheral osteoma of the anterior right maxilla in a 16-year-old girl is presented. The tumor was asymptomatic and was removed via an intraoral approach without any complications. Both hamartomatous and neoplastic factors have been advocated concerning the pathogenesis of such lesions, but no definite conclusion has been reported. Certain features of the case, such as obstruction of the eruption of the permanent canine, displacement of an adjacent tooth, intraoperatively noted infiltration of the interdental bone, and clearly abnormal histological bone structure might support the neoplastic nature of this lesion.

Idiopathic osteosclerosis of the jaws: panoramic radiographic and computed tomographic findings

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and anatomic location of idiopathic osteosclerosis in the jawbones and to present computed tomographic findings of this lesion in Japanese patients.

STUDY DESIGN

Panoramic radiographs of 1047 patients were examined for the presence of idiopathic osteosclerosis in the jawbones. Computed tomography was performed in 11 patients of this series.

RESULTS

A total of 64 patients (6.1%) showed this radiopacity. The highest occurrence was in the mandibular first molar region. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of idiopathic osteosclerosis between males and females. On computed tomography images, these radiopaque areas were divisible into two types: enostosis (five cases) and central sclerosis (six cases).

CONCLUSION

This is the first report of computed tomographic findings on idiopathic osteosclerosis in the jawbones, although the results on panoramic radiographs are similar to other investigators.

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia. Radiographic study with special emphasis on computed tomography

This article describes the computed tomographic and conventional radiographic findings for florid cemento-osseous dysplasia. A low-density thin layer or cystlike area was observed around the high-density masses in the tooth-bearing area in the seven cases studied. Expansion of the buccal and lingual cortical plates was observed in association with cystlike areas, but was infrequently observed in florid cemento-osseous dysplasia not having such areas. The computed tomographic number of the high-density masses ranged from 772 to 1587 Hounsfield Units and was equivalent to that of cementum or cortical bone.