1
|
Vilela FC, Vieira JS, Vitor-Vieira F, Kalil-Cutti B, da Silva JRT, Giusti-Paiva A, da Silva ML. Maternal separation increases pain sensitivity by reducing the activity of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus and noradrenergic neurons in locus coeruleus. Neurosci Lett 2021; 748:135734. [PMID: 33596470 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Animals subjected to early life maternal separation exhibit increased sensitivity to chemical, thermal, and mechanical stimuli during adulthood. However, the mechanism by which maternal separation can alter pain sensitivity in adulthood has not yet been investigated. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the activity of serotonergic and noradrenergic neurons and the effect of serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) reuptake inhibitors in male and female Wistar rats subjected to maternal separation. This study consisted of two experiments: 1) to confirm whether maternal separation increased pain sensitivity (n = 8 per group) and to evaluate the activity of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus and noradrenergic neurons in locus coeruleus in animals subjected to maternal separation in comparison to controls (n = 6 per group); and 2) to evaluate the effect of fluoxetine (a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor) and desipramine (a NA reuptake inhibitor) on sensitivity to chemical stimulation using formalin in animals subjected to maternal separation (n = 8 per group). Our findings indicated that maternal separation increases an animal's sensitivity to painful chemical stimulation and reduces the activity of 5-HT and NA neurons. In addition, acute pretreatment with a 5-HT or NA reuptake inhibitor prevented the increased response to painful stimulation induced by maternal separation. In conclusion, maternal separation increases pain sensitivity by reducing the activity of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus and noradrenergic neurons in locus coeruleus. This study contributes to possible treatments for pain in individuals exposed to early life stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana C Vilela
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil.
| | - Jádina S Vieira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Fernando Vitor-Vieira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Bruna Kalil-Cutti
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Josie R T da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências da Motricidade, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Giusti-Paiva
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências da Motricidade, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Neonatal morphine exposure and maternal deprivation alter nociceptive response and central biomarkers' levels throughout the life of rats. Neurosci Lett 2020; 738:135350. [PMID: 32889004 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effect of repeated neonatal morphine exposure and/or maternal deprivation(MD) on the nociceptive response and central biomarkers' BDNF, IL-1β, and IL-4 levels at postnatal days 16(PND16), 30(PND30), and 60(PND60). At birth, the litters were standardized to contain 8 pups/dam (n = 58). From PND1 to PND10, the pups of the deprived groups were separated daily from their mothers for 3 h and divided into 5 groups: control(C), saline(S), morphine(M), deprived-saline(DS), and deprived-morphine(DM). The pups received subcutaneous injections of saline/morphine (5 μg) in the mid-scapular area between PND8 and PND14. Nociceptive responses were assessed by hot plate(HP) and tail-flick(TFL) tests and biomarker levels by ELISA. Thermal hyperalgesia(HP) was found in all assessments for the M, DS, and DM groups, and a decrease in nociceptive threshold(TFL) was found in the DS group at PND16; M and DM groups at PND30; and M, DS, and DM groups at PND60. There were interactions between treatment/deprivation/timepoint in all central biomarkers' levels. The current study indicates that neonatal exposure to morphine and MD, which occurs in the pediatric ICU, can alter the nociceptive and neuroinflammatory responses.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ströher R, de Oliveira C, Costa Lopes B, da Silva LS, Regner GG, Richardt Medeiros H, de Macedo IC, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Maternal deprivation alters nociceptive response in a gender-dependent manner in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 76:25-33. [PMID: 31071409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating both the early and long-term effects of maternal deprivation as well as gender on neuromotor reflexes, anxiety behavior and thermal nociceptive responses. A total of 64 Wistar rats pups (32 males, 32 females) were utilized and were deprived of their mother for 3 h/daily, from postnatal day 1 (P1) until P10. Successively, animals were divided into 2 groups: control group (C) - pups no subjected to intervention; and the maternal-deprived group (MD): pups subjected to maternal deprivation. The neuromotor reflexes were evaluated through the righting reflex and negative geotaxis tests; the exploratory behavior by open field test (OFT); the anxiety-like behavior by elevated plus-maze test (EPM); the thermal nociceptive responses byhot plate (HP) and tail-flick (TFL) tests. All the animals subjected to maternal deprivation showed a delayed reflex response at P8 in the negative geotaxis test. In contrast, the OFT at P20 identified an effect of gender on the outer crossings and grooming as well as an interaction between gender and maternal deprivation on latency. Additionally, effect of maternal deprivation in the open and closed arms as well as gender effect in the protected head-dipping (PHD) and non-protected head-dipping (NPHD) were observed at P20 (EPM). In contrast, there were a gender effect on latency and an interaction between gender and maternal deprivation on rearing at P42. Moreover, in nociceptive tests was observed an analgesic effect induced by maternal deprivation; however, in the TFL test, only deprived females showed this effect. Surprisingly, only control animals presented an ontogeny nociceptive effect in the HP testat P21 and P43, which may be related to an increase in the inhibitory nociceptive pathways throughout life. In this way, we suggest maternal deprivation to be able to anticipate the maturation of the inhibitory nociceptive pathway. In conclusion, maternal deprivation induced a delayed reflex response at P8 and altered the anxiety and nociceptive behaviors according to the time after exposure to this stressor, in a gender-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ströher
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Farmacologia e Terapêutica-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bettega Costa Lopes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Santos da Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Gregory Regner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Farmacologia e Terapêutica-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helouise Richardt Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina de Macedo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Farmacologia e Terapêutica-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de CiênciasBásicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vilela FC, Vieira JS, Giusti‐Paiva A, Silva ML. Experiencing early life maternal separation increases pain sensitivity in adult offspring. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 62:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Cardoso Vilela
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à SaúdeBrazil
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal‐MG)AlfenasMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Jádina Santos Vieira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à SaúdeBrazil
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal‐MG)AlfenasMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Alexandre Giusti‐Paiva
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à SaúdeBrazil
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal‐MG)AlfenasMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Marcelo Lourenço Silva
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à SaúdeBrazil
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal‐MG)AlfenasMinas GeraisBrazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Burke NN, Trang T. Neonatal Injury Results in Sex-Dependent Nociceptive Hypersensitivity and Social Behavioral Deficits During Adolescence, Without Altering Morphine Response. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2017; 18:1384-1396. [PMID: 28709955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal injury is associated with persistent changes in sensory function and altered nociceptive thresholds that give rise to aberrant pain sensitivity in later life. Although these changes are well documented in adult rodents, little is known about the consequences of neonatal injury during adolescence. Because adolescence is a critical developmental period during which persistent pain conditions can arise, we examined the effect of neonatal injury on nociception, social behavior, and response to morphine in adolescent Sprague Dawley rats. Male and female rats exposed to plantar incision injury at postnatal day 3 displayed mechanical hypersensitivity that resolved by 24 hours after incision. When these animals reached adolescence (postnatal day 28-40), neonatally-injured male rats showed ipsilaterally restricted mechanical, heat, and cold hypersensitivity, as well as social behavioral deficits. In contrast, these effects were not seen in female rats. Neonatal injury did not alter acute morphine antinociception or the development of analgesic tolerance in either sex. Morphine-induced conditioned place preference, behavioral sensitization, and physical withdrawal were also not affected by neonatal incision. Thus, early-life injury results in sex-dependent pain-related hypersensitivity and social behavior deficits during adolescence, without altering the response to opioids. PERSPECTIVE Neonatal surgery has greater effects on adolescent male than female rats, resulting in pain-related hypersensitivity and social behavioral deficits. Neonatal surgery does not alter the antinociceptive effects of morphine or abuse liability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita N Burke
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tuan Trang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Amini-Khoei H, Amiri S, Mohammadi-Asl A, Alijanpour S, Poursaman S, Haj-Mirzaian A, Rastegar M, Mesdaghinia A, Banafshe HR, Sadeghi E, Samiei E, Mehr SE, Dehpour AR. Experiencing neonatal maternal separation increased pain sensitivity in adult male mice: Involvement of oxytocinergic system. Neuropeptides 2017; 61:77-85. [PMID: 27932062 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early-life stress adversely affects the development of the brain, and alters a variety of behaviors such as pain in later life. In present study, we investigated how early-life stress (maternal separation or MS) can affect the nociceptive response later in life. We particularly focused on the role of oxytocin (OT) in regulating nociception in previously exposed (MS during early postnatal development) mice that were subjected to acute stress (restraint stress or RS). Further, we evaluated whether such modulation of pain sensation in MS mice are regulated by shared mechanisms of the OTergic and opioidergic systems. To do this, we assessed the underlying systems mediating the nociceptive response by administrating different antagonists (for both opioid and OTergic systems) under the different experimental conditions (control vs MS, and control plus RS vs MS plus RS). Our results showed that MS increased pain sensitivity in both tail-flick and hot-plate tests while after administration of OT (1μg/μl/mouse, i.c.v) pain threshold was increased. Atosiban, an OT antagonist (10μg/μl/mouse, i.c.v) abolished the effects of OT. While acute RS increased the pain threshold in control (and not MS) mice, treating MS mice with OT normalized the pain response to RS. This latter effect was reversed by atosiban and/or naltrexone, an opioid antagonist (0.5μg/μl/mouse, i.c.v) suggesting that OT enhances the effect of endogenous opioids. OTergic system is involved in mediating the nociception under acute stress in mice subjected to early-life stress and OTergic and opioidergic systems interact to modulate pain sensitivity in MS mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shayan Amiri
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ali Mohammadi-Asl
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Alijanpour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad, Iran
| | - Simin Poursaman
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arya Haj-Mirzaian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Rastegar
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Azam Mesdaghinia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Banafshe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ehsanollah Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elika Samiei
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Ejtemaie Mehr
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Burke NN, Finn DP, McGuire BE, Roche M. Psychological stress in early life as a predisposing factor for the development of chronic pain: Clinical and preclinical evidence and neurobiological mechanisms. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:1257-1270. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita N. Burke
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
- Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, NCBES, National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - David P. Finn
- Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, NCBES, National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - Brian E. McGuire
- Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, NCBES, National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
- Psychology, National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - Michelle Roche
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
- Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, NCBES, National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Amini-Khoei H, Amiri S, Shirzadian A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Alijanpour S, Rahimi-Balaei M, Mohammadi-Asl A, Hassanipour M, Mehr SE, Dehpour AR. Experiencing neonatal maternal separation increased the seizure threshold in adult male mice: Involvement of the opioid system. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 52:37-41. [PMID: 26409126 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Experiencing early-life stress has been considered as a potent risk factor for the development of many of brain disorders, including seizures. Intervening mechanisms through which neonatal maternal separation (MS) alters the seizure susceptibility in adulthood have not been well studied. In the current study, by applying 180 min of MS stress (PND 2-14), we determined the seizure susceptibility and considered the role of the opioid system. Maternal separation increased the seizure threshold, and administration of anticonvulsant/proconvulsant doses of morphine (1 and 30 mg/kg, respectively) reversed the impact of MS. Using tail flick and hot plate tests, we exposed animals to 30 min Restraint stress (RS) and found that MS decreased the pain threshold, suggesting the hyporesponsiveness of the opioid system. These results supported the abnormal seizure activity observed in the MS mice and suggested that abnormalities in the opioid system following MS alter seizure susceptibility in later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Amiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Shirzadian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arya Haj-Mirzaian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Alijanpour
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahimi-Balaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ali Mohammadi-Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hassanipour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Ejtemaie Mehr
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Somatoform pain is a highly prevalent, debilitating condition and a tremendous public health problem. Effective treatments for somatoform pain are urgently needed. The etiology of this condition is, however, still unknown. On the basis of a review of recent basic and clinical research, we propose one potential mechanism of symptom formation in somatoform pain and a developmental theory of its pathogenesis. Emerging evidence from animal and human studies in developmental neurobiology, cognitive-affective neuroscience, psychoneuroimmunology, genetics, and epigenetics, as well as that from clinical and treatment studies on somatoform pain, points to the existence of a shared neural system that underlies physical and social pain. Research findings also show that nonoptimal early experiences interact with genetic predispositions to influence the development of this shared system and the ability to regulate it effectively. Interpersonal affect regulation between infant and caregiver is crucial for the optimal development of these brain circuits. The aberrant development of this shared neural system during infancy, childhood, and adolescence may therefore ultimately lead to an increased sensitivity to physical and social pain and to problems with their regulation in adulthood. The authors critically review translational research findings that support this theory and discuss its clinical and research implications. Specifically, the proposed theory and research review suggest that psychotherapeutic and/or pharmacological interventions that foster the development of affect regulation capacities in an interpersonal context will also serve to more effectively modulate aberrantly activated neural pain circuits and thus be of particular benefit for the treatment of somatoform pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alla Landa
- Developmental Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Dr, Unit 40, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bai G, Wei D, Zou S, Ren K, Dubner R. Inhibition of class II histone deacetylases in the spinal cord attenuates inflammatory hyperalgesia. Mol Pain 2010; 6:51. [PMID: 20822541 PMCID: PMC2942827 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-6-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several classes of histone deacetylases (HDACs) are expressed in the spinal cord that is a critical structure of the nociceptive pathway. HDAC-regulated histone acetylation is an important component of chromatin remodeling leading to epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. To understand the role of histone acetylation in epigenetic regulation of pathological pain, we have studied the impact of different classes of HDACs in the spinal cord on inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Results We intrathecally applied inhibitors specific to different classes of HDACs and evaluated their impact on inflammatory hyperalgesia. Pre-injected inhibitors targeting class I as well as II (SAHA, TSA, LAQ824) or IIa (VPA, 4-PB) HDACs significantly delayed the thermal hyperalgesia induced by unilateral CFA injection in the hindpaw. Existing hyperalgesia induced by CFA was also attenuated by the HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs). In contrast, these inhibitors did not interfere with the thermal response either in naïve animals, or on the contralateral side of inflamed animals. Interestingly, MS-275 that specifically inhibits class I HDACs failed to alter the hyperalgesia although it increased histone 3 acetylation in the spinal cord as SAHA did. Using immunoblot analysis, we further found that the levels of class IIa HDAC members (HDAC4, 5, 7, 9) in the spinal dorsal horn were upregulated following CFA injection while those of class I HDAC members (HDAC1, 2, 3) remained stable or were slightly reduced. Conclusions Our data suggest that activity of class II HDACs in the spinal cord is critical to the induction and maintenance of inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by CFA, while activity of class I HDACs may be unnecessary. Comparison of the effects of HDACIs specific to class II and IIa as well as the expression pattern of different HDACs in the spinal cord in response to CFA suggests that the members of class IIa HDACs may be potential targets for attenuating persistent inflammatory pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Bai
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21117, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dickinson AL, Leach MC, Flecknell PA. Influence of early neonatal experience on nociceptive responses and analgesic effects in rats. Lab Anim 2009; 43:11-6. [DOI: 10.1258/la.2007.007078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Early maternal separation has profound effects on nociception in rats. Cross-fostering is a standard husbandry procedure used by some commercial breeders. This study aimed to determine if cross-fostering altered nociception and the analgesic efficacy of buprenorphine and morphine. At seven and nine weeks of age, an elevated plus maze was used to assess anxiety and Hargreaves apparatus was used to measure thermal nociception at two intensities in cross-fostered and naturally-reared rats. At 10 weeks of age these rats were assigned to one of three treatment groups: saline, buprenorphine or morphine. The Hargreaves apparatus was used to evaluate the effect of analgesics on nociception. Differences were observed in nociception between the cross-fostered and naturally-reared rats at both intensities. At the lower intensity no significant differences were seen between the cross-fostered and naturally-reared rats post-administration of an analgesic. At the higher intensity significant differences were apparent. Morphine was less effective in inducing analgesia to thermal stimuli in cross-fostered rats compared with naturally-reared rats, whereas the opposite was found with buprenorphine which had a more pronounced analgesic effect in the cross-fostered rats. No significant differences in performance on an elevated plus maze were demonstrated between the cross-fostered and naturally-reared rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Dickinson
- Comparative Biology Centre, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Matthew C Leach
- Comparative Biology Centre, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Paul A Flecknell
- Comparative Biology Centre, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pineles BL, Sandman CA, Waffarn F, Uy C, Davis EP. Sensitization of cardiac responses to pain in preterm infants. Neonatology 2007; 91:190-5. [PMID: 17377405 DOI: 10.1159/000097452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants are repeatedly exposed to painful experiences as part of their care in the neonatal intensive care unit. There is evidence from both animal and human studies that exposure to pain during the neonatal period may have persisting consequences for development. OBJECTIVE To perform serial assessments of three heelstick blood draws to examine early changes both in physiological and behavioral responses to repeated exposure to painful stimuli in preterm infants. METHODS Heart rate and behavioral responses to three serially administered heelstick blood draws were evaluated in 22 medically stable preterm infants with less than 48 h of mechanical ventilation who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. RESULTS Heart rate and behavioral agitation significantly increased during each heelstick as compared to baseline. The heart rate response was larger to the third heelstick as compared to the first two procedures. Behavioral responses did not change across the three assessments. CONCLUSIONS Healthy preterm infants sensitize to heelstick-induced pain, as measured by their heart rate responses. These data suggest that greater attention to the effects of repeated pain for the neonate is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beth L Pineles
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Michaels CC, Holtzman SG. Neonatal stress and litter composition alter sucrose intake in both rat dam and offspring. Physiol Behav 2006; 89:735-41. [PMID: 16996094 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Revised: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The early postnatal environment can have long lasting effects on the physiology and behavior of both mother and offspring. A great deal of evidence indicates that stress during this time period is a risk factor for the future development of a multitude of disorders including substance abuse. The maternal separation paradigm is used to model such stress in rats. The current study evaluated the effects of maternal separation and litter composition on sucrose consumption, a non-drug measure of reward, in both male Long-Evans rat offspring and mother. On postnatal day 2, rats were cross-fostered, placed in single-sex or mixed-sex litters, and subsequently stressed by daily dam-pup separations during the first two postnatal weeks. The length of the separation (15 min, 1 h, or 3 h) was randomly assigned to each day. A two-bottle choice test was given to maternally separated and nonhandled offspring when they were adults, and to dams 2-4 weeks after weaning. Intake of a 10% sucrose solution or water was compared for 1 h daily across five consecutive days. Rearing condition had a profound effect on total fluid intake and sucrose solution intake by both offspring and dam, with the separated offspring and dams generally consuming a greater amount of total fluid and 10% sucrose solution than their nonhandled counterparts. Litter composition also affected consumption, with the offspring from maternally separated mixed-sex litters consuming more total fluid and 10% sucrose solution than offspring from maternally separated single-sex litters. These results indicate that early postnatal and postpartum stress can lead to changes in sucrose consumption, a non-drug measure of reward, indicating that such stress may alter the underlying brain reward mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clifford C Michaels
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dantas G, Torres ILDS, Crema LM, Lara DR, Dalmaz C. Repeated Restraint Stress Reduces Opioid Receptor Binding in Different Rat CNS Structures. Neurochem Res 2005; 30:1-7. [PMID: 15756926 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-004-9679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Different effects of exposure to acute or to repeated stress have been observed upon the nociceptive response in rats. In the present study, we repeatedly submitted Wistar rats to restraint for 40 days, a treatment known to induce an increase in the nociceptive response in the tail-flick test. Afterwards, the effect of repeated restraint stress on the density of opioid receptors in rat spinal cord, frontal cortex, and hippocampus was investigated. Results showed that repeatedly stressed rats displayed a significant decrease in opioid receptors density in all structures studied; cortex (141.3 +/- 5.7 for control and 103.3 +/- 15.9 for stressed rats), hippocampus (92.4 +/- 7.2 for control and 64.8 +/- 7.7 for stressed rats), and spinal cord (122.2 +/- 12.8 for control and 79.7 +/- 9.7 for stressed rats). These findings suggest opioid mediation of the altered responses observed in these repeatedly-stressed animals, although the participation of non-opioid mechanisms in this phenomenon cannot be ruled out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Dantas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stephan M, Helfritz F, Pabst R, von Hörsten S. Postnatally induced differences in adult pain sensitivity depend on genetics, gender and specific experiences: reversal of maternal deprivation effects by additional postnatal tactile stimulation or chronic imipramine treatment. Behav Brain Res 2002; 133:149-58. [PMID: 12110448 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal endotoxin exposure, handling or maternal deprivation produce long-lasting individual differences in various neuroendocrine and behavioural responses. However, the impact of postnatal experiences on adult pain sensitivity and its reversibility by postnatal additional tactile stimulation or antidepressants in adulthood is not well understood. Therefore, postnatal endotoxin application as a model for infection, maternal deprivation as a model for depression, and postnatal handling as a model for stimulation were compared with respect to the effects on pain sensitivity in adult Fischer 344 (F344) and Lewis (LEW) rats. Handling increased hot plate latencies in adult F344 and LEW rats, while maternal deprivation shortened hot plate latencies only in LEW rats. Prophylactic treatment strategies, such as tactile stimulation of the dorsal neck region of pups directly after maternal deprivation, or chronic treatment of adult maternally deprived rats using imipramine, successfully provide protection against the maternal deprivation-induced shortening of hot plate latencies. Thus, there is considerable specificity of certain postnatal experiences in modulating adult pain sensitivity and the maternal deprivation-induced hyperalgesia is reversible by different interventional regimes. These findings may explain some of the individual differences in pain sensitivity of humans and the differential efficacy of antidepressants in pain syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stephan
- Department of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Medical School of Hannover, OE4120, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kalinichev M, Easterling KW, Holtzman SG. Repeated neonatal maternal separation alters morphine-induced antinociception in male rats. Brain Res Bull 2001; 54:649-54. [PMID: 11403991 DOI: 10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that Long-Evans rats separated from their dam for 3 h daily over the first 2 weeks of life (maternally separated [MS] rats) exhibit exaggerated behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to stress as adults compared to handled (H) or non-handled (NH) control animals. Our aim was to determine whether repeated neonatal maternal separation results in altered sensitivity to the opioid agonist morphine in male and female adult rats. Sensitivity to morphine was assessed using hot-plate and tail-flick tests. Morphine was less potent inducing antinociception in MS males compared to same-sex controls in the hot-plate, but not in the tail-flick test. Decrease in sensitivity to morphine in MS females compared to same-sex controls was present only as a trend in the hot-plate, but not in the tail-flick test. These results suggest that neonatal maternal separation results in long-lasting changes in opioid responsiveness primarily in male rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kalinichev
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
D'Amato FR, Mazzacane E, Capone F, Pavone F. Effects of postnatal manipulation on nociception and morphine sensitivity in adult mice. BRAIN RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 1999; 117:15-20. [PMID: 10536227 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-3806(99)00090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The long-term effects of postnatal manipulation on nociception were studied in NMRI albino male mice. During the first two weeks of life, pups were removed from their cage and deprived of maternal/nest odour for 15 min/day. To evaluate pain sensitivity, adult mice exposed to this postnatal manipulation (CB group) were tail flick and formalin tested for acute and tonic pain, respectively. CB mice showed a reduced pain sensitivity both in tail-flick and in formalin tests in comparison with control animals. Moreover, responsiveness to morphine (MO 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg, i.p.) in young (35 days old) and adult (90 days old) postnatally manipulated animals was evaluated with the tail-flick test: a decrease of the antinociceptive effects induced by morphine both in young and adult males was observed in postnatally manipulated animals. Morphine induced significant analgesic effects in control mice at doses lower than those affecting nociceptive thresholds both in young and adult CB mice. In addition, young animals showed a higher sensitivity to morphine than adults, independently of postnatal manipulation. The long-term effects of postnatal manipulation on nociception are discussed in terms of involvement of the opioid system and of the characteristics of pup manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F R D'Amato
- Istituto di Psicobiologia e Psicofarmacologia del CNR, Viale Marx 43, 00137, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Genedani S, Bernardi M, Tagliavini S, Bertolini A. ODC-polyamine system is involved in morphine analgesia. Life Sci 1989; 44:525-31. [PMID: 2494400 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(89)90614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) directly infused into a brain-lateral ventricle (12.5, 25 and 50 micrograms/rat) dose- and time-dependently inhibited brain ODC activity. While having no influence per se on pain threshold, DFMO significantly inhibited the analgesic activity of morphine (15 mg/kg i.p.), this effect being obtained when brain ODC activity was reduced by at least 80%. On the other hand, DFMO had no influence on number and affinity of brain opiate binding sites. Morphine per se neither modified whole brain ODC activity nor significantly affected the ODC inhibitory effect of DFMO. In more discrete brain areas (midbrain, brainstem) morphine actually increased ODC activity. The present results indicate that brain ODC/polyamines system may play a role in the analgesic activity of opioids, probably at a post-receptorial level or through a non-opiate receptor-linked mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Genedani
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|