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Kobuke K, Oki K, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Gomez-Sanchez EP, Ohno H, Itcho K, Yoshii Y, Yoneda M, Hattori N. Calneuron 1 Increased Ca 2+ in the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Aldosterone Production in Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma. Hypertension 2017; 71:125-133. [PMID: 29109191 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone production is initiated by angiotensin II stimulation and activation of intracellular Ca2+ signaling. In aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) cells, the activation of intracellular Ca2+ signaling is independent of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems. The purpose of our study was to clarify molecular mechanisms of aldosterone production related to Ca2+ signaling. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the CALN1 gene encoding calneuron 1 had the strongest correlation with CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) among genes encoding Ca2+-binding proteins in APA. CALN1 modulation and synthetic or fluorescent compounds were used for functional studies in human adrenocortical carcinoma (HAC15) cells. CALN1 expression was 4.4-fold higher in APAs than nonfunctioning adrenocortical adenomas. CALN1 expression colocalized with CYP11B2 expression as investigated using immunohistochemistry in APA and zona glomerulosa of male rats fed by a low-salt diet. CALN1 expression was detected in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by using GFP-fused CALN1, CellLight ER-RFP, and the corresponding antibodies. CALN1-overexpressing HAC15 cells showed increased Ca2+ in the ER and cytosol fluorescence-based studies. Aldosterone production was potentiated in HAC15 cells by CALN1 expression, and dose-responsive inhibition with TMB-8 showed that CALN1-mediated Ca2+ storage in ER involved sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase. The silencing of CALN1 decreased Ca2+ in ER, and abrogated angiotensin II- or KCNJ5 T158A-mediated aldosterone production in HAC15 cells. Increased CALN1 expression in APA was associated with elevated Ca2+ storage in ER and aldosterone overproduction. Suppression of CALN1 expression prevented angiotensin II- or KCNJ5 T158A-mediated aldosterone production in HAC15 cells, suggesting that CALN1 is a potential therapeutic target for excess aldosterone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kobuke
- From the Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan (K.K., K.O., H.O., K.I., Y.Y., M.Y., N.H.); Division of Endocrinology, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS (C.E.G.-S., E.P.G.-S.); and University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.E.G.-S., E.P.G.-S.)
| | - Kenji Oki
- From the Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan (K.K., K.O., H.O., K.I., Y.Y., M.Y., N.H.); Division of Endocrinology, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS (C.E.G.-S., E.P.G.-S.); and University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.E.G.-S., E.P.G.-S.).
| | - Celso E Gomez-Sanchez
- From the Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan (K.K., K.O., H.O., K.I., Y.Y., M.Y., N.H.); Division of Endocrinology, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS (C.E.G.-S., E.P.G.-S.); and University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.E.G.-S., E.P.G.-S.)
| | - Elise P Gomez-Sanchez
- From the Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan (K.K., K.O., H.O., K.I., Y.Y., M.Y., N.H.); Division of Endocrinology, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS (C.E.G.-S., E.P.G.-S.); and University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.E.G.-S., E.P.G.-S.)
| | - Haruya Ohno
- From the Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan (K.K., K.O., H.O., K.I., Y.Y., M.Y., N.H.); Division of Endocrinology, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS (C.E.G.-S., E.P.G.-S.); and University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.E.G.-S., E.P.G.-S.)
| | - Kiyotaka Itcho
- From the Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan (K.K., K.O., H.O., K.I., Y.Y., M.Y., N.H.); Division of Endocrinology, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS (C.E.G.-S., E.P.G.-S.); and University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.E.G.-S., E.P.G.-S.)
| | - Yoko Yoshii
- From the Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan (K.K., K.O., H.O., K.I., Y.Y., M.Y., N.H.); Division of Endocrinology, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS (C.E.G.-S., E.P.G.-S.); and University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.E.G.-S., E.P.G.-S.)
| | - Masayasu Yoneda
- From the Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan (K.K., K.O., H.O., K.I., Y.Y., M.Y., N.H.); Division of Endocrinology, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS (C.E.G.-S., E.P.G.-S.); and University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.E.G.-S., E.P.G.-S.)
| | - Noboru Hattori
- From the Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan (K.K., K.O., H.O., K.I., Y.Y., M.Y., N.H.); Division of Endocrinology, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS (C.E.G.-S., E.P.G.-S.); and University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (C.E.G.-S., E.P.G.-S.)
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Walton KG, Pugh ND, Gelderloos P, Macrae P. Stress reduction and preventing hypertension: preliminary support for a psychoneuroendocrine mechanism. J Altern Complement Med 1997; 1:263-83. [PMID: 9395623 DOI: 10.1089/acm.1995.1.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to identify endocrine-related mechanisms capable of mediating preventive effects of stress reduction in hypertensive heart disease. Since beneficial effects of stress reduction accrue over time, this cross-sectional, descriptive study sought differences between healthy students not practicing a systematic technique for reducing stress (the average stress, or AS, group, n = 33) and a similar group who for 8.5 years had practiced the Transcendental Meditation (TM) technique, used widely to reduce stress (the low stress, or LS, group, n = 22). The two groups of students, matched for age and area of study, performed timed collections of urine that included (separately) the entire waking and sleeping portions of 1 day. They also completed the Profile of Mood States and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, self-report instruments sensitive to subjective level of stress. Urine samples were analyzed for adrenocortical steroids by radioimmunoassay, for Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Zn2+ by atomic absorption spectrometry, and for neurotransmitter metabolites by reverse-phase, high-performance, liquid chromatography, and spectrophotometry. The two groups differed significantly on most measures. Specifically, the LS group was lower in cortisol and aldosterone and higher in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS) and the serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Excretion of sodium, calcium, zinc, and the norepinephrine metabolite, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), was also lower in this group, as were Na+/K+ ratio, mood disturbance, and anxiety. In women practicing TM, cortisol correlated inversely and DS directly with number of months of TM practice. The results identify improvements in mood state, adrenocortical activity, and kidney function as probable factors in the preventive and treatment effects of stress reduction. Because suboptimal levels of these parameters result from chronic, subjective stress, the findings add mechanistic support to the contention that hypertensive heart disease is avoidable, even in modern industrialized societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Walton
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa, USA
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