The reaction of lead tetraacetate with primary and secondary amines containing an α-methylene group

Facile Conversion of Aryl Amines Having No α-Methylene to Aryl Nitriles

Dimethyl carbonimidodithioates, 2 derived from various primary aryl amines (1) by reacting with carbon disulfide and methyl iodide in dimethyl formamide in the presence of concentrated sodium hydroxide, are converted to the diaziridine derivatives, 3 by reacting with hydrazine in ethanol. The diaziridines, 3 on oxidation with lead tetraacetate in refluxing xylene, extrudes nitrogen, and intramolecular stabilization, particularly 1,2-carbon migration, takes place to give the product, 5. The reaction may take place through the intermediates, diazirines, 4, which have not been isolated. This work provides a new approach for the conversion of aryl amines having no α-methylene to aryl nitriles.

Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Development of Nitroaromatics as Anti-Infective Drugs

Infectious diseases commonly occur in tropical and sub-tropical countries. The pathogens of such diseases are able to multiply in human hosts, warranting their continual survival. Infections that are commonplace include malaria, chagas, trypanosomiasis, giardiasis, amoebiasis, toxoplasmosis and leishmaniasis. Malaria is known to cause symptoms, such as high fever, chills, nausea and vomiting, whereas chagas disease causes enlarged lymph glands, muscle pain, swelling and chest pain. People suffering from African trypanosomiasis may experience severe headaches, irritability, extreme fatigue and swollen lymph nodes. As an infectious disease progresses, the human host may also experience personality changes and neurologic problems. If left untreated, most of these diseases can lead to death. Parasites, microbes and bacteria are increasingly adapting and generating strains that are resistant to current clinical drugs. Drug resistance creates an urgency for the development of new drugs to treat these infections. Nitro containing drugs, such as chloramphenicol, metronidazole, tinidazole and secnidazole had been banned for use as antiparasitic agents due to their toxicity. However, recent discoveries of nitrocontaining anti-tuberculosis drugs, i.e. delamanid and pretonamid, and the repurposing of flexinidazole for use in combination with eflornithine for the treatment of human trypanosomiasis, have ignited interest in nitroaromatic scaffolds as viable sources of potential anti-infective agents. This review highlights the differences between old and new nitration methodologies. It furthermore offers insights into recent advances in the development of nitroaromatics as anti-infective drugs.

Tetrabutylammonium Peroxydisulfate in Organic Synthesis. Part 8.1 An Efficient and Convenient Nickel-catalyzed Oxidation of Primary Amines to Nitriles with Tetrabutylammonium Peroxydisulfate

A series of primary amines are oxidized to the corresponding nitriles in excellent yields with tetrabutylammonium peroxydisulfate catalyzed by nickel copper formate under basic aqueous conditions.

An effective preparation of both 1,3-diketones and nitriles from alkynones with oximes as hydroxide sources

An effective phosphine-catalyzed protocol has been established for the syntheses of 1,3-diketones and nitriles from alkynones with oximes as hydroxide surrogates. This method features the use of a phosphine catalyst, compatibility with various functional groups and ambient temperature, which makes this approach very practical. A plausible mechanism was proposed.

Ruthenium-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Amines

Amine oxidation is one of the fundamental reactions in organic synthesis as it leads to a variety of value-added products such as oximes, nitriles, imines, and amides among many others. These products comprise the key N-containing building blocks in the modern chemical industry, and such transformations, when achieved in the presence of molecular oxygen without using stoichiometric oxidants, are much preferred as they circumvent the production of unwanted wastes. In parallel, the versatility of ruthenium catalysts in various oxidative transformations is well-documented. Herein, this review focuses on aerobic oxidation of amines specifically by using ruthenium catalysts and highlights the major achievements in this direction and challenges that still need to be addressed.

Stereoselective synthesis of N-ethyl-2-arylvinyl-5-methyl fulleropyrrolidines: reaction of [60]fullerene with aromatic aldehydes and triethylamine/diethylamine in the absence or presence of manganese(iii) acetate

Reaction of [60]fullerene with aromatic aldehydes and triethylamine/diethylamine afforded a series of novel fulleropyrrolidines.

Scope and mechanism of intramolecular aziridination of cyclopent-3-enyl-methylamines to 1-azatricyclo[2.2.1.0(2,6)]heptanes with lead tetraacetate

A series of seven cyclopent-3-en-1-ylmethylamines bearing one, two, or three methyl substituents at the C2, C3, C4, or C(alpha) positions, including the unsubstituted parent, was accessed by ring-closing metatheses of alpha,alpha-diallylacetonitrile (or methallyl variants) and alpha,alpha-diallylacetone followed by hydride reductions or reductive amination, or by Curtius degradations of alpha,alpha-dimethyl- and 2,2,3-trimethylcyclopent-3-enylacetic acids. Oxidation of the primary amines with Pb(OAc)(4) in CH(2)Cl(2), CHCl(3) or benzene in the presence of K(2)CO(3) effected efficient intramolecular aziridinations, in all cases except the alpha-methyl analogue (16), to form the corresponding 1-azatricyclo[2.2.1.0(2,6)]heptanes, including the novel monoterpene analogues, 1-azatricyclene and the 2-azatricyclene enantiomers. The cumulative rate increases of aziridination reactions observed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy in CDCl(3) resulting from the presence of one or two methyl groups on the cyclopentene double bond, in comparison to the rate of the unsubstituted parent amine (1:17.5:>280), indicate a highly electrophilic intermediate as the nitrene donor and a symmetrical aziridine-like transition state. A mechanism is outlined in which the amine displaces an acetate ligand from Pb(OAc)(4) to form a lead(IV) amide intermediate RNHPb(OAc)(3) proposed as the actual aziridinating species.