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Kuhlmann JH, Dickoff JH, Mancheño OG. Visible Light Thiyl Radical-Mediated Desilylation of Arylsilanes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203347. [PMID: 36453609 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward, visible-light triggered desilylation of arylsilanes by thiyl radicals is presented. Silyl groups are often used to block a reactive position in multi-step organic synthesis, for which a mild cleavage at a late-stage will provide new possibilities and disconnection routes by CAr -Si cleavage/deprotection. In this work, commercially available and cheap disulfides are employed for the first time in this type of C(sp2 )-Si bond cleavage reactions. Thus, upon irradiation with visible-light, homolytic cleavage of the disulfide give rise to the corresponding thiyl radical that allows for a radical chain mechanism. This methodology represents a mild, fast and simple approach suitable for a broad variety of simply substituted arylsilanes. Moreover, the procedure could be easily extended to natural products and therapeutic derivatives, showing its robustness and synthetic application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Kuhlmann
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan H Dickoff
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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2
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Kuhlmann JH, Uygur M, García Mancheño O. Protodesilylation of Arylsilanes by Visible-Light Photocatalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:1689-1694. [PMID: 35196013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first visible-light-mediated photocatalytic, metal- and base-free protodesilylation of arylsilanes is presented. The C(sp2)-Si bond cleavage process is catalyzed by a 5 mol % loading of a commercially available acridinium salt upon blue-light irradiation. Two simple approaches have been identified employing either aerobic or hydrogen atom transfer cocatalytic conditions, which enable the efficient and selective desilylation of a broad variety of simple and complex arylsilanes under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Kuhlmann
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mustafa Uygur
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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3
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Romero KJ, Keylor MH, Griesser M, Zhu X, Strobel EJ, Pratt DA, Stephenson CRJ. Synthesis of Vitisins A and D Enabled by a Persistent Radical Equilibrium. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6499-6504. [PMID: 32156107 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the resveratrol tetramers vitisin A and vitisin D is reported. Electrochemical generation and selective dimerization of persistent radicals is followed by thermal isomerization of the symmetric C8b-C8c dimer to the C3c-C8b isomer, providing rapid entry into the vitisin core. Computational results suggest that this synthetic approach mimics Nature's strategy for constructing these complex molecules. Sequential acid-mediated rearrangements consistent with the proposed biogenesis of these compounds afford vitisin A and vitisin D. The rapid synthesis of these complex molecules will enable further study of their pharmacological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Romero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mitchell H Keylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Markus Griesser
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Xu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ethan J Strobel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Corey R J Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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4
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Kinoshita H, Yaguchi K, Tohjima T, Miura K. Diisobutylaluminum hydride-promoted cyclization of silylated 1,3-dien-5-ynes: Application to total synthesis of a 20-norabietane derivative. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Soeta T, Ishizaka T, Ukaji Y. Chiral NHC Ligands Bearing a Pyridine Moiety in Copper-Catalyzed 1,2-Addition of Dialkylzinc Reagents to β-Aryl-α,β-unsaturated N-Tosylaldimines. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2817-26. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Soeta
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science
and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishizaka
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science
and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ukaji
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science
and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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6
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Cho SH, Hartwig JF. Iridium-catalyzed diborylation of benzylic C–H bonds directed by a hydrosilyl group: synthesis of 1,1-benzyldiboronate esters. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52824c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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7
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Cho SH, Hartwig JF. Iridium-Catalyzed Borylation of Secondary Benzylic C–H Bonds Directed by a Hydrosilane. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:8157-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ja403462b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94270, United States
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94270, United States
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8
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Goh SS, Baars H, Gockel B, Anderson EA. Metal-Catalyzed Syntheses of Abridged CDE Rings of Rubriflordilactones A and B. Org Lett 2012; 14:6278-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ol303041j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shermin S. Goh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., and Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah Baars
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., and Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Birgit Gockel
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., and Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., and Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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9
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Abitelli E, Protti S, Fagnoni M, Albini A. Probing for a Leaving Group Effect on the Generation and Reactivity of Phenyl Cations. J Org Chem 2012; 77:3501-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300290v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Abitelli
- PhotoGreenLab,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia,
Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreenLab,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia,
Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreenLab,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia,
Italy
| | - Angelo Albini
- PhotoGreenLab,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia,
Italy
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10
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Popp F, Nätscher JB, Daiss JO, Burschka C, Tacke R. The 2,4,6-Trimethoxyphenyl Unit as a Unique Protecting Group for Silicon in Synthesis and the Silylation Potential of (2,4,6-Trimethoxyphenyl)silanes. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om700805p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Popp
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer B. Nätscher
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen O. Daiss
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Burschka
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Tacke
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Zafrani Y, Gershonov E, Columbus I. Efficient and Facile Ar−Si Bond Cleavage by Montmorillonite KSF: Synthetic and Mechanistic Aspects of Solvent-Free Protodesilylation Studied by Solution and Solid-State MAS NMR. J Org Chem 2007; 72:7014-7. [PMID: 17676903 DOI: 10.1021/jo0706170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A facile and efficient method for the cleavage of the Ar-Si bond of various aryl trimethyl silanes is described. When adsorbed on montmorillonite KSF (mont KSF), these arylsilanes readily undergo a solvent-free protodesilylation to the corresponding arenes at room temperature in excellent yields. This approach seems to be superior to the traditional mild methods (i.e., desilylation by TFA, TBAF, CsF), in terms of reaction yield, rate, and environmentally benign conditions. Some mechanistic studies using both solution and solid-state magic-angle spinning (SS MAS) (1)H NMR are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Zafrani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel.
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12
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Daiss JO, Penka M, Burschka C, Tacke R. The Si-2,4,6-Trimethoxyphenyl Moiety as a Novel Protecting Group in Organosilicon Chemistry: Alternative Synthesis of rac-Sila-venlafaxine. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om040087n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen O. Daiss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Penka
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Burschka
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Tacke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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13
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Hanazawa T, Sasaki K, Takayama Y, Sato F. Efficient and practical method for synthesizing optically active indan-2-ols by the Ti(O-i-Pr)(4)/2 i-PrMgCl-mediated metalative Reppe reaction. J Org Chem 2003; 68:4980-3. [PMID: 12790616 DOI: 10.1021/jo034391m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and practical synthesis of optically active indan-2-ols 1 has been developed starting from readily accessible optically active 4-siloxy-1,6-alkadiynes 2 and ethynyl p-tolyl sulfone, where the metalative Reppe reaction mediated by an economical divalent titanium reagent, Ti(O-i-Pr)(4)/2 i-PrMgCl, is a key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hanazawa
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
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14
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Rizzo J, Harris F. Synthesis and thermal properties of fluorosilicones containing perfluorocyclobutane rings. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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