1
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Shrateh ON, Jobran AW, Jaber S, Kahla A, Shker M, Arafeh WA. A rare association between crossed fused renal ectopia, urethral stricture, bilateral cryptorchidism, and sub-coronal hypospadias in a non-syndromic 6-year-old child. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2022.102561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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2
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Costigan CS, Rosenblum ND. Antenatally Diagnosed Kidney Anomalies. Pediatr Clin North Am 2022; 69:1131-1147. [PMID: 36880926 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract encompass a broad spectrum of developmental conditions that together account for the majority of childhood chronic kidney diseases. Kidney abnormalities are the most commonly diagnosed congenital anomaly in children, and detection of this anomaly is increasing as a result of improved antenatal care and widespread access to more sensitive screening ultrasonography. Most paediatricians will encounter children with congenital kidney anomalies across a wide spectrum of disorders, and a broad understanding of the classification, investigation, and basis of management is important to appropriately direct their care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe S Costigan
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Norman D Rosenblum
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G1X8, Canada; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Physiology, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto; Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, 16th Floor, Room 16.9706, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
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3
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Anatomy and embryology of congenital surgical anomalies: Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract. Semin Pediatr Surg 2022; 31:151232. [PMID: 36423515 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2022.151232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract or "CAKUT" describes a spectrum of developmental disorders with a range of associated clinical presentations and functional consequences. CAKUT underlies the majority of chronic kidney disease and kidney replacement therapy requirement in children, but functional deterioration can also emerge in adulthood. Understanding the normal embryological processes involved in kidney development allows us to appreciate the timing and sequence of critical events implicated when things go wrong. In this review, we will describe the normal developmental mechanisms and relate this to what we currently know about the pathological processes involved in various forms of CAKUT. We will also review the proposed etiological factors, in particular genetics, involved in CAKUT.
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4
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Stonebrook E, Hoff M, Spencer JD. Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract: A Clinical Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:223-235. [PMID: 32864297 DOI: 10.1007/s40746-019-00166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of review This review highlights the most common congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) that are encountered in pediatric practices. CAKUT are the most common cause of prenatally diagnosed developmental malformations and encompass a spectrum of disorders impacting lower urinary tract development as well as kidney development and function. In pediatric and adolescent populations, developmental abnormalities are the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. The goal of this review is to provide pediatric providers a framework for appropriate clinical management as well as highlight when referral to subspecialty care is needed. Recent findings While the exact etiologies of CAKUT are not completely defined, new evidence demonstrates that genetic and molecular changes impact embryonic kidney and urinary tract development. As a result, phenotypes and clinical outcomes may be affected. Summary Because pediatric providers provide front-line care to children and adolescents with developmental kidney and urinary tract anomalies, updated knowledge of CAKUT pathogenesis, embryology, clinical management, and patient outcomes is needed. This manuscript reviews CAKUT etiologies and essential diagnostic, prognostic, and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Stonebrook
- Pediatric Nephrology Fellowship Program, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH USA.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Monica Hoff
- Pediatrics Residency Program, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John David Spencer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH USA
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5
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Boivin FJ, Sarin S, Evans JC, Bridgewater D. The Good and Bad of β-Catenin in Kidney Development and Renal Dysplasia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:81. [PMID: 26734608 PMCID: PMC4686587 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital renal malformations are a major cause of childhood and adult onset chronic kidney disease. Identifying the etiology of these renal defects is often challenging since disruptions in the processes that drive kidney development can result from disruptions in environmental, genetic, or epigenetic cues. β-catenin is an intracellular molecule involved in cell adhesion, cell signaling, and regulation of gene transcription. It plays essential roles in kidney development and in the pathogenesis of renal dysplasia. Here, we review the function of β-catenin during kidney development and in the genesis of renal dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Boivin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sanjay Sarin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Colin Evans
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Darren Bridgewater
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
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6
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Kawashima S, Urushihara N, Fukumoto K. Laparoscopic repair of Bochdalek hernia with intrathoracic kidney in a 2-year-old child. Asian J Endosc Surg 2014; 7:279-81. [PMID: 25131329 DOI: 10.1111/ases.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intrathoracic kidney with Bochdalek hernia is a very rare congenital anomaly. Some case reports have discussed repair by laparotomy or thoracotomy. We report a case in a child performed using a laparoscopic approach. A 2-year-old boy arrived at our hospital with gastric volvulus caused by a left-sided Bochdalek hernia. CT also showed a left-sided intrathoracic kidney. After conservative therapy for the volvulus, laparoscopic repair of the diaphragmatic hernia was performed. The key problem during the operation was the presence of the intrathoracic kidney. If direct closure of the hernia had been performed without the intrathoracic kidney having been relocated to the abdomen, a complete closure would have been impossible because of the renal vessels. After the intrathoracic kidney was relocated to the abdomen, the diaphragmatic defect was closed. The boy has been doing well without complications for 5 years, and CT reveals that the left-sided kidney is almost normally positioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Kawashima
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
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7
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Onuk Ö, Taş T, Şentürk AB, Sinanoğlu O, Balcı MBC, Çelik O, Nuhoğlu B. Right-sided Bochdalek hernia with intrathoracic ectopic kidney in an advanced-age adult: a case report. Urol Int 2014; 93:368-70. [PMID: 24642649 DOI: 10.1159/000353100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic intrathoracic kidney is an extremely rare congenital anomaly and it is often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on chest radiography. Although congenital thoracic kidney is mostly seen in infants, it can be diagnosed in neonatal age and adults as well. Herein, we present a 72-year-old woman who had a right-sided Bochdalek hernia with intrathoracic ectopic kidney. In contrast to the usually young patients with thoracic hernia, the presented case was the oldest female patient having thoracic kidney accompanied with Bochdalek hernia with clinical symptoms among those reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ö Onuk
- Department of Urology, Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Date K, Okada S, Ezure M, Takihara H, Okonogi S, Hasegawa Y, Sato Y, Kaneko T. Aortoiliac aneurysm with congenital right pelvic kidney. Heart Vessels 2014; 30:420-5. [PMID: 24531628 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-014-0483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The association of congenital pelvic kidney with abdominal aortoiliac aneurysm is an extremely rare clinical finding. Previous reports have described various methods of aneurysm repair with successful preservation of the function of pelvic kidney. However, to our knowledge, reconstruction of more than two renal arteries has not been established. We report a case of abdominal aortic aneurysm complicated by congenital right pelvic kidney in a 72-year-old man. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an abdominal aortic aneurysm with a maximum diameter of 54 mm and a right common iliac aneurysm of 45 mm. In addition, he had a congenital right pelvic kidney and CT angiography identified three right pelvic renal arteries. The upper artery originated from the bifurcation of the terminal aorta and the lower two originated from the right common iliac artery. Three-dimensional CT was helpful for the accurate planning of the operation. Open surgical repair of the aortoiliac aneurysm with a Dacron bifurcated graft replacement was decided and reimplantation of all three right pelvic kidney arteries to the right limb of the graft was also performed. For renal preservation, the right pelvic kidney arteries were perfused with cold Ringer's lactate using a rapid infusion pump and coronary perfusion cannula. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and worsening of renal function was not observed. The perfusion of renal arteries with cold Ringer's solution was thought to be a simple and appropriate procedure for renal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Date
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan,
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9
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Miyano G, Takahashi T, Makino S, Lane GJ, Nakajima H, Okazaki T, Takeda S, Yamataka A. A rare case of bilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH); Contralateral CDH diagnosed and treated thoracoscopically some 2 months after conventional open repair. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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10
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Ectopic Thoracic Kidney. Clin Nucl Med 2012; 37:e170-2. [DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0b013e31824852e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Chong SL, Chao SM. An Unusual Cause of Mediastinal Mass — A Case Report and Literature Review of Intrathoracic Kidney. PROCEEDINGS OF SINGAPORE HEALTHCARE 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/201010581202100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior mediastinal mass is not an uncommon condition seen in clinical practice. It often generates anxiety among healthcare providers, as the most common cause of a posterior mediastinal mass is a neurogenic tumour which potentially can be malignant and carries serious consequences. A very rare but generally benign cause of such a mass is an intrathoracic ectopic kidney. Due to its rarity, literature on the intrathoracic kidney, its management, prognosis and complications is sparse and confined to case reports. We report a rare case of a two-month old baby who had a chest x-ray done for a prolonged cough and was found to have a posterior mediastinal mass, which was later diagnosed to be an intrathoracic ectopic kidney. The approach to mediastinal mass and literature review of an intrathoracic ectopic kidney and its complications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Le Chong
- Nephrology Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sing Ming Chao
- Nephrology Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
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12
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Nouri-Merchaoui S, Mahdhaoui N, Krichène I, Nouri A, Seboui H. [Thoracic congenital ectopic right kidney with diaphragmatic hernia: a rare developmental anomaly]. Arch Pediatr 2011; 18:1103-6. [PMID: 21865018 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic intrathoracic kidney is a very rare congenital anomaly, which is often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on chest radiography. Diagnosis of this ectopia in the neonatal period is extremely rare. We report the case of a female infant admitted for mild respiratory distress at birth in relation with maternofetal infection in whom a right posterior opacity on chest x-ray was diagnosed as intrathoracic kidney by sonography and chest CT scan. Diaphragmatic hernia could not be confirmed at this stage. At 2 months, the presence of air blebs on chest x-ray performed for viral bronchiolitis confirmed an associated right Bochdalek hernia. The infant, although asymptomatic, underwent surgery. The intrathoracic kidney was reduced into the abdominal cavity at the time of surgery. The postoperative course was uneventful and renal function was normal.
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13
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Athanasiadis AP, Zafrakas M, Arnaoutoglou C, Karavida A, Papasozomenou P, Tarlatzis BC. Prenatal diagnosis of thoracic kidney in the 2nd trimester with delayed manifestation of associated diaphragmatic hernia. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2011; 39:221-224. [PMID: 21480288 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.20769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic kidney is a rare congenital malformation, caused by renal malpositioning during embryogenesis. We report a rare case of ectopic kidney located in the left hemithorax of a male fetus. The unique features in this case were early sonographic prenatal diagnosis of thoracic kidney at 22 weeks' gestation, which was confirmed by fetal MRI, and delayed sonographic manifestation of the associated congenital diaphragmatic hernia at 27 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos P Athanasiadis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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14
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Bridgewater D, Di Giovanni V, Cain JE, Cox B, Jakobson M, Sainio K, Rosenblum ND. β-catenin causes renal dysplasia via upregulation of Tgfβ2 and Dkk1. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22:718-31. [PMID: 21436291 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2010050562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal dysplasia, defined by defective ureteric branching morphogenesis and nephrogenesis, is the major cause of renal failure in infants and children. Here, we define a pathogenic role for a β-catenin-activated genetic pathway in murine renal dysplasia. Stabilization of β-catenin in the ureteric cell lineage before the onset of kidney development increased β-catenin levels and caused renal aplasia or severe hypodysplasia. Analysis of gene expression in the dysplastic tissue identified downregulation of genes required for ureteric branching and upregulation of Tgfβ2 and Dkk1. Treatment of wild-type kidney explants with TGFβ2 or DKK1 generated morphogenetic phenotypes strikingly similar to those observed in mutant kidney tissue. Stabilization of β-catenin after the onset of kidney development also caused dysplasia and upregulation of Tgfβ2 and Dkk1 in the epithelium. Together, these results demonstrate that elevation of β-catenin levels during kidney development causes dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Bridgewater
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
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15
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Darwazah AK, Yosri A. Congenital Intrathoracic Kidney in a Patient Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. J Card Surg 2011; 26:172-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8191.2011.01198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Sahinoglu Z, Yuksel A, Uludogan M, Bilgic R, Toksoy G. Left diaphragmatic eventration associated with ipsilateral pulmonary sequestration and intrathoracic kidney in a fetus: reviewing the prenatal diagnosis and etiopathogenesis. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2011; 30:233-43. [PMID: 21434828 DOI: 10.3109/15513815.2011.555808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The prenatal diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic eventration, pulmonary extralobar sequestration and intrathoracic ectopic kidney in a single fetus is not reported yet according to the pubmed. Congenital diaphragmatic eventration is an abnormal elevation of the diaphragm. Differential diagnosis from hernia is essential for the perinatal management. Extralobar sequestrations are usually asymptomatic and detected incidentally. Intrathoracic kidney is an extremely rare congenital anomaly. Genitourinary and cardiac anomalies should be searched as common co-existing malformations. Besides prenatal ultrasound, fetal magnetic resonance imaging has a substantial support in counselling the family, planning the follow-up of the pregnancy and decision-making for the perinatal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeki Sahinoglu
- Department of Perinatology, Zeynep Kamil Women and Children Diseases Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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17
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Abstract
Intrathoracic kidneys are rare and are often only diagnosed incidentally. The literature on intrathoracic kidneys in children and adults is reviewed and discussed, focusing on diagnostic procedures and surgical therapy. Additionally, the case of a 35-year-old woman with a relapse of a left-sided intrathoracic kidney after pregnancy is reported. Diagnostic procedures and the surgical management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fischer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätskliniken Bonn, Deutschland.
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18
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A Rare Case of Ectopic Intrathoracic Kidney in a 1-Year-old Child. Urology 2010; 76:57-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Zarrouk M, Mahjoub S, Belhadj S, Belgasmi R, Haltiti R. [Exceptional diagnosis of a left thoracic mass: Intrathoracic kidney]. REVUE DE PNEUMOLOGIE CLINIQUE 2010; 66:214-216. [PMID: 20561490 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneumo.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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20
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Hasan M, Saba E, Bhatti A, Kanwal B. Diagnosis of Unilateral Thoracic Kidney by Color Doppler Ultrasound. J Med Ultrasound 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6441(10)60005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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21
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The Cephalad Malposition of a Kidney as a Thoracic Abnormality on Tc-99m MDP Bone Scintigraphy. Tzu Chi Med J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1016-3190(08)60057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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22
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Dingeldein MW, Kane D, Kim AW, Kabre R, Pescitelli MJ, Holterman MJ. Bilateral intrathoracic kidneys and adrenal glands associated with posterior congenital diaphragmatic hernias. Ann Thorac Surg 2008; 86:651-4. [PMID: 18640354 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of bilateral intrathoracic kidneys and adrenal glands associated with bilateral posterior diaphragmatic defects in a symptomatic 18-month-old baby boy. The diaphragmatic defect did not appear to be the typical posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia of Bochdalek. The patient underwent primary surgical correction through an abdominal approach. Postoperatively, the patient enjoyed an uneventful course and was discharged home without any further events. We discuss this report of bilateral intrathoracic kidneys associated with bilateral diaphragmatic hernias, we describe the operative management, and we analyze the possible embryological development of this defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Dingeldein
- Department of General Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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23
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Singh P, Vijjan V, Gupta M, Dubey D, Srivastava A. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy of a staghorn stone in thoracic ectopic kidney. Int J Urol 2007; 14:558-60. [PMID: 17593105 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2007.01765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Congenital thoracic ectopic kidney is a very rare developmental anomaly and the rarest form of all ectopic kidneys. It is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on routine chest radiography. Herein we reported the first case of staghorn stone in a thoracic kidney managed successfully by percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratipal Singh
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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24
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Sundaram V, Vidhyashree SA, Pratap B, Surendranath A, Matthew M, Bhaskar E, Abraham G. A male patient with right-sided thoracic kidney, diabetes mellitus, hearing loss and renal dysfunction. Int Urol Nephrol 2007; 39:959-62. [PMID: 17221284 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-006-9138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A 48-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and hypertension was found to have a thoracic right-sided ectopic kidney with a sensorineuronal hearing loss and tubular abnormalities such as hyponatremia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis with microalbuminuria. He was treated with ACEI and sodium and potassium supplements. However, this only partially corrected his metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sundaram
- Department of Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, 600 116, India
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25
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Obatake M, Nakata T, Nomura M, Nanashima A, Inamura Y, Tanaka K, Nagayasu T. Congenital intrathoracic kidney with right Bochdalek defect. Pediatr Surg Int 2006; 22:861-3. [PMID: 16953455 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-006-1772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Intrathoracic kidney is a rare congenital anomaly. Since most reported cases are asymptomatic, it is extremely rare for this ectopia to be diagnosed in the neonatal period. We report a male infant with right intrathoracic kidney associated with Bochdalek defect. Chest X-ray demonstrated a right posterior mediastinal mass and intestinal gas in the right lung field. Contrast-enhanced CT and intravenous urography led to a diagnosis of intrathoracic kidney. Due to the presence of Bochdalek defect, the intrathoracic kidney was reduced into the abdominal cavity at the time of diaphragmatic repair. The intrathoracic kidney with attached adrenal gland was located at the level of the carina and was covered with protruded retroperitoneum. The kidney was thought to have been pushed this high by the small intestine and left lobe of the liver, which had also herniated through the defect. Postoperative hemodynamics and renal function were normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Obatake
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
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26
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Lai CF, Chiang WC, Yang JY, Yan HC, Lin SL, Chen YM, Wu KD, Hsieh BS. Thoracic kidney and contralateral ureteral duplication—a case report and review of the literature. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 21:799-801. [PMID: 16326739 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfi301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Fu Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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Satija L, Maurya V, Singh H, Balarangaiah G. INTRATHORACIC KIDNEY: A Case Report. Med J Armed Forces India 2002; 58:173-4. [PMID: 27407372 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(02)80061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Satija
- Classified Specialist (Radiodiagnosis), Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune - 411 040
| | - V Maurya
- Trainee (Radiodiagnosis), Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune - 411 040
| | - Hariqbal Singh
- Senior Advisor (Radiodiagnosis), Command Hospital (Western Command), Chandimandir
| | - G Balarangaiah
- Ex-Consultant (Radiodiagnosis), Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune - 411 040
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28
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Masturzo B, Kalache KD, Cockell A, Pierro A, Rodeck CH. Prenatal diagnosis of an ectopic intrathoracic kidney in right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia using color Doppler ultrasonography. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2001; 18:173-174. [PMID: 11530002 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2001.00411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The prenatal sonographic features of a fetus with right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia diagnosed at 33 weeks are presented. Color Doppler demonstrated an abnormal course of the right renal artery, arising from the aorta and feeding the intrathoracic right kidney. This case report stresses the role of color Doppler in defining which organs have herniated in fetuses with diaphragmatic hernia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Masturzo
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Child Health, University College London Medical School, London, UK
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29
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Abstract
We report a case of left thoracic kidney that was identified after a detailed workup for a left thoracic mass that appeared on a routine chest roentgenogram of a young adult. Intravenous pyelography and angiography clearly identified this rare anomaly. Anatomical features and clinical implications of this condition are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Yalcinbas
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department and Thoracic Surgery, Maresal Cakmak Military Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey.
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30
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Matsubara K, Sugimoto K, Osaki M, Nigami H, Harigaya H, Baba K. Intrathoracic kidney combined with pneumomediastinum in an asphyxiated neonate. Pediatr Int 2000; 42:715-7. [PMID: 11192538 DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-200x.2000.01303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Matsubara
- Department of Pediatrics, Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Japan.
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31
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- AKIF SIRIKCI
- From the Departments of Radiology and Urology, University of Gaziantep Medical School, Kolejtepe Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - KEMAL SARICA
- From the Departments of Radiology and Urology, University of Gaziantep Medical School, Kolejtepe Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - METIN BAYRAM
- From the Departments of Radiology and Urology, University of Gaziantep Medical School, Kolejtepe Gaziantep, Turkey
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33
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Kaufman L, Mardis HK. Ureteropelvic junction obstruction in an endothoracic kidney: successful treatment with retrograde balloon divulsion and stenting. J Urol 1998; 159:2079-80. [PMID: 9598527 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)63258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Kaufman
- Section of Urologic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center and Nebraska Methodist Hospital, Omaha, USA
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34
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URETEROPELVIC JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION IN AN ENDOTHORACIC KIDNEY. J Urol 1998. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-199806000-00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Fouda-Neel K, Ahmed S, Al-Bassam A, Al-Rabeeah A. Superior ectopic thoracic kidney. Pediatr Surg Int 1996; 11:172-3. [PMID: 24057548 DOI: 10.1007/bf00183757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/1995] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A 9-month-old boy with a respiratory tract infection was found to have a mass in the left chest posteriorly. This proved to be a superior ectopic thoracic kidney, which was easily identifiable on ultrasonography. The case is reported to stress the importance of recognizing thoracic kidneys in order to avoid unnecessary invasive investigations and/or thoracotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fouda-Neel
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery (MBC-40), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, P. O. Box 3354, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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36
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Angulo JC, Lopez JI, Vilanova JR, Flores N. Intrathoracic kidney and vertebral fusion: a model of combined misdevelopment. J Urol 1992; 147:1351-3. [PMID: 1569682 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)37562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of right intrathoracic kidney associated with a complex somite malformation that comprised vertebral fusion and right intrathoracic supernumerary ribs. The interpretation of this association as a disease model of nature allows us to propose a unifying hypothesis on the pathogenesis of this form of renal dystopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Angulo
- Department of Urology, Santo Hospital Civil de Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
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37
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Fairhurst JJ, Christensen SL, Kuhn JP, Brody AS. Isolated intrathoracic spleen presenting as an enlarging chest mass. CT and MRI findings. Pediatr Radiol 1992; 22:305-6. [PMID: 1523063 DOI: 10.1007/bf02019873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We present the first reported case of an isolated intrathoracic spleen. This presented as an enlarging chest mass in a 6-month-old infant. The lack of symptoms and absence of herniated bowel caused an interesting diagnostic problem which was elegantly solved by a combination of imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Fairhurst
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Buffalo, NY
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38
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Abstract
We report a case of a right intrathoracic kidney and review the literature. The possible etiologies of intrathoracic kidneys are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Donat
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City
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