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Chong E, Austel M, Banovic F. Evaluation of the correlation of serological and intradermal allergen testing with clinical history in 29 dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38887975 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information exists about the correlation between clinical history and positive serum (SAT) and intradermal allergen test (IDAT) results in atopic dogs. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the correlation between clinical history and SAT/IDAT results in atopic dogs. ANIMALS Twenty-nine client-owned dogs with nonseasonal atopic dermatitis with or without seasonal exacerbation were enrolled. MATERIALS AND METHODS IDAT, SAT (immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [MacELISA] with bromelain CCD inhibitor) and clinical information collected in a questionnaire regarding seasonal variations in pruritus affecting the dogs were performed on the same day. Two independent investigators (Inv A and Inv B) recorded IDAT results. RESULTS The kappa coefficients agreement for positive IDAT scores between Inv A and B was substantial. The agreement between IDAT and SAT results at different ELISA absorbance units (EAU) cut-offs (>79 and ≥300) was slight and fair for both investigators, respectively. A higher agreement was observed between IDAT and SAT (≥300 EAU) than between IDAT and SAT (>79 EAU) with the exception of mite and flea allergens. There was a statistically significant association between clinical history and positive IDAT results for seasonal allergens (Inv A and Inv B, p = 0.016). There was no significance between positive SAT results and clinical history. Five (IDAT) and 12 of 13 (SAT) atopic dogs without clinical seasonal exacerbation showed positive results for seasonal allergens. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The agreement between IDAT and SAT ≥300 EAU results was fair and the agreement between IDAT and SAT >79 EAU results was slight for all allergens. Only positive IDAT results significantly correlated with clinical history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chong
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Michaela Austel
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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2
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Canning P, Brame B, Stefanovski D, Lee KW, Cain CL, Rook K, Morris DO. Multivariable analysis of the influence of cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant inhibition and other factors on intradermal and serological allergen test results: a prospective, multicentre study. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:347-e96. [PMID: 34105194 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serological allergen testing (SAT) is used widely to formulate allergen-specific immunotherapy for atopic dogs. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E specific for cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) can produce false-positive reactions, creating discrepancy between SAT and intradermal allergen test (IDAT) results. OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to determine if inhibition of anti-CCD IgE in a commercial assay improved correlation with IDAT. The secondary objective was to assess the influence of dog- and clinic-specific factors, environmental factors, putative allergen exposure and prior medications on intradermal and SAT reactivity. ANIMALS Two-hundred and eleven client-owned dogs were enrolled from eight North American dermatology specialty practices. METHODS AND MATERIALS Collection of serum samples and IDAT were performed on the same day. Sera were assayed for detection of IgE specific to 25 allergens, before and after treatment with a proprietary inhibitor of anti-CCD IgE. Data for each dog were collected via a questionnaire filled out by veterinary personnel. RESULTS The correlation between the testing modalities was fair before (Spearman's rho, ρ = 0.2092) and after (ρ = 0.3042) inhibition of anti-CCD IgE. Ciclosporin dose (P = 0.003), independent of duration of use, and duration of lokivetmab use (P = 0.001), independent of dose administered, were associated with statistically significant decreases in IgE concentrations across all allergen types. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Contrary to previous reports, this study demonstrated unchanged correlation between SAT and IDAT after inhibition of anti-CCD IgE. Ciclosporin dose and lokivetmab treatment duration may have unexplored effects on IgE concentration during SAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Canning
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bailey Brame
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 382 W Street Road, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - Kenneth W Lee
- Stallergenes Greer Laboratories, 639 Nuway Circle, Lenoir, NC, 28645, USA
| | - Christine L Cain
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katherine Rook
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel O Morris
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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3
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Prelaud P, Laprais A. What Can We Learn from Canine Atopic Dermatitis History? CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-020-00292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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de Mora F, Puigdemont A, Torres R. The role of mast cells in atopy: what can we learn from canine models? A thorough review of the biology of mast cells in canine and human systems. Br J Dermatol 2007; 155:1109-23. [PMID: 17107377 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell research has largely focused on the role of these cells in the early phase of allergic reactions. However, their involvement may well extend beyond this stage, and even reach across nonallergic conditions. Mast cells from different sources have helped advance our knowledge of their biology. Although in vitro and in vivo research in this area has mainly focused on humans, such studies are limited by the extent to which cells from certain human tissues and/or human patients can be collected or studied. While rodents also provide valuable models with which to further our understanding of the behaviour of mast cells and their contribution to allergy, reported differences between human and murine mast cells, and, in some instances, the limitations of in vivo rodent models of mast cell-mediated allergic conditions, preclude their use. In this review, we introduce a relatively unknown mast cell population, that of the dog. Canine mast cells display many phenotypic and functional similarities with their human counterparts, and dogs develop spontaneous and induced allergic diseases that share clinical and pathophysiological features with the human condition. Therefore, the use of canine cells can shed light on the general role of mast cells, particularly in relation to allergic diseases given the potential of in vivo dog models within this field. Here we provide a detailed review of the data reported from in vitro and in vivo studies of canine mast cells, and compare them with results obtained in human systems. We also highlight direct evidence of the mast cell contribution to canine atopy. We conclude that the dog offers useful in vitro and in vivo models in which to investigate mast cell behaviour, and that its use should be considered when undertaking studies aimed either at elucidating the role of mast cells in health and disease, or at prescreening novel therapies prior to entry into man.
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Affiliation(s)
- F de Mora
- Department of Pharmacology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola), Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Foster AP, Littlewood JD, Webb P, Wood JLN, Rogers K, Shaw SE. Comparison of intradermal and serum testing for allergen-specific IgE using a Fcepsilon RIalpha-based assay in atopic dogs in the UK. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2003; 93:51-60. [PMID: 12753775 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(03)00052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis in dogs is a common allergic skin disease that affects substantial numbers of dogs in the UK. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of an intradermal test (IDT) and an in vitro test in a large cohort of dogs. Dogs were intradermal tested with Greer allergens (Greer Labs Inc, Lenoir, NC, USA) using standard techniques. At the same time blood samples were drawn and submitted for evaluation by ELISA using the ALLERCEPT Definitive Allergen Panels for allergen-specific IgE, a commercial assay that uses a biotinylated recombinant extracellular domain of the high affinity Fc-epsilon receptor alpha chain protein (Fcepsilon RIalpha). The allergens used in the two tests included grass, tree and weed pollens, moulds, flea saliva/whole flea extract and house dust mite species. The optical density readings from the ELISA for each allergen were compared with the results of the IDT for 265 dogs. The prevalence of positive reactions in the ELISA was equal to or greater than the results of the IDT in the case of almost all of the allergens, but two notable exceptions were the house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. These two allergens were the most common positive reactions by IDT (prevalence D. farinae 78.9%, D. pteronyssinus 66.4%). The results of the two tests were significantly different (McNemar's test, P<0.05) for 16 of the 22 allergens. The sensitivities of the ELISA compared to the IDT (where there were more than 3 dogs with positive reactions in both tests) varied between 19.3 and 77.1% (D. pteronyssinus 19.3% and D. farinae 67.9%) and the specificities varied between 64.2 and 96.6% (D. pteronyssinus 96.6% and D. farinae 89.3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Foster
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, North Somerset BS40 5DU, UK.
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6
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Fraser MA, McNeil PE, Gettinby G. Studies of serum total immunoglobulin E concentrations in atopic and non-atopic dogs. Vet Rec 2003; 152:159-63. [PMID: 12622285 DOI: 10.1136/vr.152.6.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentrations of two groups of atopic dogs and three groups of non-atopic dogs were compared. There was a wide range of concentrations with a high degree of overlap between the groups. The serum total IgE concentrations of a group of 15 non-atopic racing greyhounds were significantly higher than those of all the other groups. Atopic and non-atopic dogs receiving stringent parasite control treatments could not be differentiated on the basis of their serum total IgE concentrations. In the non-atopic dogs there was no correlation between their serum total IgE concentrations and the number of allergen-specific positive results obtained in an ELISA, or between their serum total IgE concentrations and their age.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Fraser
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH
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7
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8
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Halliwell, Gilbert, Mei Lian. Induced and spontaneous IgE antibodies to Dermatophagoides farinae in dogs and cats: evidence of functional heterogeneity of IgE. Vet Dermatol 2002; 9:179-184. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3164.1998.00112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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DeBoer DJ, Hillier A. The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (XVI): laboratory evaluation of dogs with atopic dermatitis with serum-based "allergy" tests. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2001; 81:277-87. [PMID: 11553390 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(01)00304-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Serum-based in vitro "allergy tests" are commercially available to veterinarians, and are widely used in diagnostic evaluation of a canine atopic patient. Following initial clinical diagnosis, panels of allergen-specific IgE measurements may be performed in an attempt to identify to which allergens the atopic dog is hypersensitive. Methodology for these tests varies by laboratory; few critical studies have evaluated performance of these tests, and current inter-laboratory standardization and quality control measures are inadequate. Other areas where information is critically limited include the usefulness of these tests in diagnosis of food allergy, the effect of extrinsic factors such as season of the year on results, and the influence of corticosteroid treatment on test results. Allergen-specific IgE serological tests are never completely sensitive, nor completely specific. There is only partial correlation between the serum tests and intradermal testing; however, the significance of discrepant results is unknown and unstudied. Variation in test methodologies along with the absence of universal standardization and reporting procedures have created confusion, varying study results, and an inability to compare between studies performed by different investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J DeBoer
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive Madison, WI 57606, USA.
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10
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Lorch G, Hillier A, Kwochka KW, Saville WJ, Kohn CW, LeRoy BE. Comparison of immediate intradermal test reactivity with serum IgE quantitation by use of a radioallergosorbent test and two ELISA in horses with and without atopy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001; 218:1314-22. [PMID: 11330620 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2001.218.1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare a radioallergosorbent test and 2 ELISA with intradermal testing for the determination of environmental allergen hypersensitivity in horses with and without atopic diseases. DESIGN Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS 10 horses with recurrent urticaria, 7 with atopic dermatitis, 16 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 22 without atopy. PROCEDURE History, physical examination, hemogram, serum biochemical analyses, bronchoalveolar lavage, and an intradermal test (used as the criterion standard) with a regional panel of 73 allergens were performed in all horses. Serum was analyzed by use of the 3 in vitro assays of allergen-specific IgE. RESULTS An ELISA based on the alpha chain of the high-affinity IgE receptor, the Fcepsilon receptor immunoglobin epsilon chain (FcepsilonRIalpha) for IgE, had the overall highest kappa statistic (0.238), positive predictive value (49%), and negative predictive value (78%). Overall agreement between the FcepsilonRIalpha-based ELISA and the intradermal test was fair. The highest kappa statistic was obtained by the FcepsilonRIalpha-based ELISA in horses with atopic dermatitis (0.330). Kappa statistics for the radioallergosorbent test and a polyclonal antibody-based ELISA agreed slightly with that of the intradermal test at best. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE None of the 3 serum allergy tests reliably detected allergen hypersensitivity, compared with the intradermal test. The FcepsilonRIalpha-based ELISA performed significantly better overall than the other 2 tests. Low sensitivity of all 3 assays indicates the need for continued study to elucidate a more sensitive test for the determination of potentially pathogenic allergens in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lorch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1092, USA
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11
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Marsella R, Nicklin CF. Sulphido-leukotriene production from peripheral leukocytes and skin in clinically normal dogs and house dust mite positive atopic dogs. Vet Dermatol 2001; 12:3-12. [PMID: 11301537 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3164.2001.00203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of canine atopy has not been completely elucidated. In humans, sulphido-leukotrienes (s-LT) play a role in atopy, and increased production of s-LT occurs in the skin and peripheral leukocytes after allergen challenge. The study population included 16 clinically normal and 13 atopic dogs. All atopic dogs had in common a positive reaction (4+) to the intradermal injection of house dust mite (allergen of reference). Blood samples and skin biopsies were collected. Sulphido-LT synthesis by peripheral leukocytes after stimulation was measured, and no statistically significant difference was found between clinically normal and atopic dogs. Sulphido-LT concentrations in skin samples from stimulated and unstimulated sites were measured, and no statistically significant difference was detected between clinically normal and atopic dogs or between lesional and nonlesional skin within the atopic group. Clinical signs of atopic dogs were graded by owners and no correlation was found between their severity and cutaneous concentrations of s-LT. In this study there was no increase in s-LT synthesis in atopic dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Marsella
- Blanche Saunders Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100126, Gainesville, FL 32610-0126, USA
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12
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Park S, Ohya F, Yamashita K, Nishifuji K, Iwasaki T. Comparison of response to immunotherapy by intradermal skin test and antigen-specific IgE in canine atopy. J Vet Med Sci 2000; 62:983-8. [PMID: 11039595 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.62.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The intradermal skin test (IDST) and serologic allergy test (SAT) has been developed for confirming a diagnosis of canine atopy and determining allergens for immunotherapy. To determine the prevalence of causative allergens for canine atopic dermatitis in Japan, IDST and SAT were performed with the CMG Immunodot strips on 95 atopic dogs using 9 allergens. In addition, we compared agreement rate, sensitivity and specificity between them (using IDST as the standard). The allergen most commonly positive in both tests was house dust mites (IDST: 69.5%, SAT: 48.4%). Moreover, Japanese cedar, mugwort and grass mix were detected as attendant causative allergens. Agreement rates between the two tests ranged from 67.4% to 96.8%; the overall mean agreement rate were 81%. SAT was shown to have sensitivity to IDST ranging from 16.7 to 68.2%. The specificities were very high for all allergens, on the order of 94.9-100% (median=98.7%). Finally, the efficacy of immunotherapy was evaluated on 27 atopic dogs based on IDST (15 dogs) and SAT (12 dogs) results. Overall, 60% (9/15) of the IDST group and 66.8% (8/12) of the SAT group experienced a 50% to 100% reduction in their symptomatology. No significant differences were found in response to immunotherapy during the follow-up period between allergen selection methods. These results indicate the value of serologic tests as an aid to identifying an allergen solution for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Park
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Gifu University, Japan
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13
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Sakaguchi M, Nakano T, Tsujimoto H, Sasaki Y, DeBoer DJ, Inouye S. Specificity of an Enzyme-1 Inked Immunosorbent Assay for Dog Ige Antibody to Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria Japonica) Pollen. Allergol Int 1997. [DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.46.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Noli C, Bernadina WE, Willemse T. The significance of reactions to purified fractions of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae in canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1996; 52:147-57. [PMID: 8809997 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(96)05550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The significance of reactions to crude extracts and purified fractions of the house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p I and Der p II) and Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f I and Der f II) was evaluated in dogs with clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis (AD). In 13 healthy control dogs and eight dogs with AD, immediate skin test reactivity was determined to serial dilutions of Der p I, Der p II, Der f I and Der f II. In addition, allergen-specific IgGd antibodies were determined by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blots. The results suggest that, in contrast to what occurs in humans and despite immediate skin test reactivity in some dogs, Der p I, Der p II, Der f I and Der f II are unlikely to be major allergens in dogs with AD. However, only serum of atopic dogs consistently binds a 90 kDa polypeptide of D. farinae, as shown by Western blot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Noli
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, University of Utrecht, Netherlands
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Frank
- Department of Urban Practice, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37901-1071
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16
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MILLER WILLIAMH, SCOTT DANNYW, CAYATTE SUZANNEM, SCARLETT JANETM. The Influence of Oral Corticosteroids or Declining Allergen Exposure on Serologic Allergy Test Results. Vet Dermatol 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.1992.tb00179.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Sakaguchi M, Inouye S, Imaoka K, Miyazawa H, Hashimoto M, Nigi H, Nakamura S, Gotoh S, Minezawa M, Fujimoto K, Honjo S, Taniguchi Y, Ando S. Measurement of serum IgE antibodies against Japanese cedar pollen (
Cryptomeria japonica
) in Japanese monkeys (
Macaca fuscata
) with pollinosis. J Med Primatol 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.1992.tb00597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sakaguchi
- Department of MicrobiologyThe Institute of Public HealthTokyo
| | - S. Inouye
- Department of MicrobiologyThe Institute of Public HealthTokyo
| | - K. Imaoka
- Department of MicrobiologyThe Institute of Public HealthTokyo
| | - H. Miyazawa
- Department of Medical TechnologyKyorin UniversityTokyo
| | - M. Hashimoto
- Division of Wild Animal MedicineNippon Veterinary and Animal Science UniversityTokyo
| | - H. Nigi
- Division of Wild Animal MedicineNippon Veterinary and Animal Science UniversityTokyo
| | - S. Nakamura
- Prlmate Research InstituteKyoto UniversityInuyama
| | - S. Gotoh
- Prlmate Research InstituteKyoto UniversityInuyama
| | - M. Minezawa
- Department of Genetic ResourceNational Institute of Agrlbiological ResourcesTsukuba
| | - K. Fujimoto
- Tsukuba Primate Center for Medical ScienceNational Institute of HealthTsukuba
| | - S. Honjo
- Tsukuba Primate Center for Medical ScienceNational Institute of HealthTsukuba
| | - Y. Taniguchi
- Hayashibara Biochemical LaboratoriesOkayamaJapan
| | - S. Ando
- Hayashibara Biochemical LaboratoriesOkayamaJapan
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18
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Corcoran BM, Thoday KL, Henfrey JI, Simpson JW, Burnie AG, Mooney CT. Pulmonary infiltration with eosinophils in 14 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 1991. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1991.tb00863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Sousa CA, Norton AL. Advances in methodology for diagnosis of allergic skin disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1990; 20:1419-27. [PMID: 2251733 DOI: 10.1016/s0195-5616(90)50152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Advantages of IDST for diagnosis of atopy and selection of antigens for hyposensitization include the following: 1. The test is widely accepted by clients. 2. The clinician can select individual test allergens based on the patient history and geographic location. 3. It has been the standard for diagnosing atopy in the dog for more than 40 years. Disadvantages of IDST include the following: 1. The test should be performed on a regular basis to maintain reliability. 2. Interpretation of test results is subjective. 3. The test is not standardized on the basis of the examiner, source of the allergen, or reproducibility. 4. There is occasional difficulty in performing the test (e.g., need for sedation). 5. Anaphylaxis is a potential risk. 6. A significant amount of office time is needed to perform the test. 7. Condition of the patient's skin (e.g., lichenification, hyperpigmentation, pyoderma) may preclude its use. 8. There is a possibility of failure to test for appropriate allergens. 9. There may be false-positive and false-negative reactions. 10. Other medications can interfere with the test (e.g., antihistamines, corticosteroids). Advantages of in vitro testing for diagnosis of atopy and selecting antigens for hyposensitization include the following.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Sousa
- Animal Dermatology Clinic, Sacramento, California
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20
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Wilkie JS, Yager JA, Eyre P, Parker WM. Morphometric analyses of the skin of dogs with atopic dermatitis and correlations with cutaneous and plasma histamine and total serum IgE. Vet Pathol 1990; 27:179-86. [PMID: 2353419 DOI: 10.1177/030098589002700305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the diagnostic value of histopathologic examination of skin biopsy samples from dogs with atopic dermatitis and, perhaps, to identify any differences from the normal state that may predispose to this skin condition, we compared the anatomic and cellular morphology of skin from three standard sites in 21 normal and 15 atopic dogs. The standard sites were lateral neck, dorsal rump, and craniolateral abdomen. No differences between the two groups were found in the means of area or thickness of the stratum corneum or the remainder of the epidermis at any site. The area of sebaceous glands, but not apocrine sweat glands, was larger in the atopic group (P less than or equal to 0.05 for the lateral neck skin and P less than or equal to 0.1 for the dorsal rump skin). The mean number of non-metachromatic mononuclear cells in combined skin samples (126 microns 2) in atopic dogs (91.0 +/- 28.7) was significantly greater (P less than or equal to 0.01) than for the control normal dogs (65.3 +/- 19.3); the mean number of mast cells in atopic dogs (12.39 +/- 6.44) was similarly greater than in the controls (8.48 +/- 5.14; P less than or equal to 0.1). Eosinophils were significantly increased in atopic dog skin (P less than or equal to 0.01). with the mean for all three sites combined of 0.81 +/- 0.90 compared with a mean of 0.06 +/- 0.15 for normal dogs. Numbers of circulating blood eosinophils were not significantly different in the atopic and normal group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Wilkie
- Department of Pathology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada
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21
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22
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Abstract
The article considers the pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Sousa
- Elvas Avenue Animal Hospital, Sacramento, California
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Morrow AN, Baker KP, Quinn PJ. Skin lesions of sweet itch and the distribution of dermal mast cells in the horse. ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN. REIHE B. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. SERIES B 1987; 34:347-55. [PMID: 3687289 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1987.tb00407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Halliwell RE, Longino SJ. IgE and IgG antibodies to flea antigen in differing dog populations. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1985; 8:215-23. [PMID: 3992908 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(85)90082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A radioimmunoassay was developed for the detection of IgG and IgE canine antibodies against partially purified flea antigen. Low background levels were found in flea naive dogs, but high levels of both IgE and IgG antibodies were found in many sera from dogs with clinical flea hypersensitivity. In sera from non-allergic dogs exposed chronically to fleas, IgE levels differed little from background, and levels of IgG anti-flea antibodies were much lower than those from the flea allergic group. The results suggest that chronic flea exposure may result in partial or complete tolerance rather than hyposensitization in the commonly accepted sense.
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