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A Comparison of the Transglycosylation Capacity between the Guar GH27 Aga27A and Bacteroides GH36 BoGal36A α-Galactosidases. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The transglycosylation behavior and capacity of two clan GH-D α-galactosidases, BoGal36A from the gut bacterium Bacteroides ovatus and Aga27A from the guar plant, was investigated and compared. The enzymes were screened for the ability to use para-nitrophenyl-α-galactoside (pNP-Gal), raffinose and locust bean gum (LBG) galactomannan as glycosyl donors with the glycosyl acceptors methanol, propanol, allyl alcohol, propargyl alcohol and glycerol using mass spectrometry. Aga27A was, in general, more stable in the presence of the acceptors. HPLC analysis was developed and used as a second screening method for reactions using raffinose or LBG as a donor substrate with methanol, propanol and glycerol as acceptors. Time-resolved reactions were set up with raffinose and methanol as the donor and acceptor, respectively, in order to develop an insight into the basic transglycosylation properties, including the ratio between the rate of transglycosylation (methyl galactoside synthesis) and rate of hydrolysis. BoGal36A had a somewhat higher ratio (0.99 compared to 0.71 for Aga27A) at early time points but was indicated to be more prone to secondary (product) hydrolysis in prolonged incubations. The methyl galactoside yield was higher when using raffinose (48% for BoGal36A and 38% for Aga27A) compared to LBG (27% for BoGal36A and 30% for Aga27A).
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Dimitrijević A, Veličković D, Milosavić N, Bezbradica D. Specificity of maltase to maltose in three different directions of reaction: hydrolytic, vanillyl alcohol glucoside and vanillyl alcohol isomaltoside synthesis. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:1450-6. [PMID: 22927369 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vanillyl alcohol glucoside is very attractive molecule due to its very powerful physiological activity. In this article, a detailed kinetic study of transglucosylation of vanillyl alcohol was performed. It was demonstrated that this reaction is very efficient (selectivity factor is 149) and occurred by a ping-pong mechanism with inhibition by glucose acceptor. At low concentration of vanillyl alcohol one additional transglucosylation product was detected. Its structure was determined to be α-isomaltoside of vanillyl alcohol, indicating that vanillyl alcohol glucoside is a product of the first transglucosylation reaction and a substrate for second, so the whole reaction mechanism was proposed. It was demonstrated that the rate of isomaltoside synthesis is two orders of magnitude smaller than glucoside synthesis, and that maltase has interestingly high K(m) value to maltose when vanillyl alcohol glucoside is second transglucosylation substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Dimitrijević
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12, Belgrade, Serbia
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Torres DP, Gonçalves MDPF, Teixeira JA, Rodrigues LR. Galacto-Oligosaccharides: Production, Properties, Applications, and Significance as Prebiotics. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9:438-454. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Otieno DO. Synthesis of β-Galactooligosaccharides from Lactose Using Microbial β-Galactosidases. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9:471-482. [PMID: 33467831 DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Galactooligosaccharides (GOSs) are nondigestible oligosaccharides and are comprised of 2 to 20 molecules of galactose and 1 molecule of glucose. They are recognized as important prebiotics for their stimulation of the proliferation of intestinal lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Therefore, they beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of a limited number of gastrointestinal microbes (probiotics) that confer health benefits. Prebiotics and probiotics have only recently been recognized as contributors to human health. A GOS can be produced by a series of enzymatic reactions catalyzed by β-galactosidase, where the glycosyl group of one or more D-galactosyl units is transferred onto the D-galactose moiety of lactose, in a process known as transgalactosylation. Microbes can be used as a source for the β-galactosidase enzyme or as agents to produce GOS molecules. Commercial β-galactosidase enzymes also do have a great potential for their use in GOS synthesis. These transgalactosyl reactions, which could find useful application in the dairy as well as the larger food industry, have not been fully exploited. A better understanding of the enzyme reaction as well as improved analytical techniques for GOS measurements are important in achieving this worthwhile objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Obed Otieno
- Author is with Bioenergy and Bioproducts Engineering Laboratories-BSEL, Washington State Univ., TriCities Campus, 2710 Univ. Drive, Richland, WA 99354, U.S.A. Direct inquiries to author Otieno (E-mail: )
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Feng Y, Chang X, Wang W, Ma R. Stabilities of Immobilizedβ-galactosidase ofAspergillussp. AF for the Optimal Production of Galactooligosaccharides from Lactose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 38:43-51. [DOI: 10.3109/10731190903495777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Methylation in methanol–water mixtures: The effect of solvent composition and high pressure. Biophys Chem 2008; 134:207-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2008.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Corma A, Iborra S, Velty A. Chemical Routes for the Transformation of Biomass into Chemicals. Chem Rev 2007; 107:2411-502. [PMID: 17535020 DOI: 10.1021/cr050989d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3117] [Impact Index Per Article: 183.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, UPV-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, Valencia, Spain
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Suleau A, Gourdon P, Reitz-Ausseur J, Casaregola S. Transcriptomic analysis of extensive changes in metabolic regulation in Kluyveromyces lactis strains. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2006; 5:1360-70. [PMID: 16896219 PMCID: PMC1539144 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00087-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide analysis of transcriptional regulation is generally carried out on well-characterized reference laboratory strains; hence, the characteristics of industrial isolates are therefore overlooked. In a previous study on the major cheese yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, we have shown that the reference strain and an industrial strain used in cheese making display a differential gene expression when grown on a single carbon source. Here, we have used more controlled conditions, i.e., growth in a fermentor with pH and oxygen maintained constant, to study how these two isolates grown in glucose reacted to an addition of lactose. The observed differences between sugar consumption and the production of various metabolites, ethanol, acetate, and glycerol, correlated with the response were monitored by the analysis of the expression of 482 genes. Extensive differences in gene expression between the strains were revealed in sugar transport, glucose repression, ethanol metabolism, and amino acid import. These differences were partly due to repression by glucose and another, yet-unknown regulation mechanism. Our results bring to light a new type of K. lactis strain with respect to hexose transport gene content and repression by glucose. We found that a combination of point mutations and variation in gene regulation generates a biodiversity within the K. lactis species that was not anticipated. In contrast to S. cerevisiae, in which there is a massive increase in the number of sugar transporter and fermentation genes, in K. lactis, interstrain diversity in adaptation to a changing environment is based on small changes at the level of key genes and cell growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Suleau
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaire, INRA UMR1238, CNRS/INA-PG UMR 2585, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
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Cruz-Guerrero AE, Gómez-Ruiz L, Viniegra-González G, Bárzana E, García-Garibay M. Influence of water activity in the synthesis of galactooligosaccharides produced by a hyperthermophilic β-glycosidase in an organic medium. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 93:1123-9. [PMID: 16470870 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the influence of water activity and lactose concentration on the synthesis of galactooligosaccharides (GOS), by means of a hyperthermophilic beta-glycosidase in an organic system. The production of GOS gradually grew as water activity increased in the reaction system; later, their synthesis decreased as water activity increased. The authors used the response surface methodology to study how different water activities and different concentrations of lactose influenced the synthesis of GOS and their length. In every case, the variable that proved to have the greatest effect on GOS synthesis was water activity. Maximum GOS3 synthesis was reached at a water activity interval of 0.44-0.57, with lactose concentrations of 0.06%-0.1%, while GOS4 and GOS5 maxima were reached at water activity intervals of 0.47-0.57 and 0.49-0.60, respectively. The research showed that higher water activity was required to synthesize GOS of greater length. Synthesis of GOS would then depend on the flexibility of the enzyme, which in turn would depend on water activity of the reaction system. This hypothesis was supported by experiments in which the reaction temperature was modified in order to change the flexibility of the enzyme, thus leading to longer GOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma E Cruz-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Mexico D.F. 09340, Mexico
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Prapulla SG, Subhaprada V, Karanth NG. Microbial production of oligosaccharides: a review. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2003; 47:299-343. [PMID: 12876801 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(00)47008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S G Prapulla
- Fermentation Technology and Bioengineering Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570013, India
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del-Val M, Otero C. Biphasic aqueous media containing polyethylene glycol for the enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides from lactose. Enzyme Microb Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(03)00098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Giacomini C, Irazoqui G, Gonzalez P, Batista-Viera F, Brena BM. Enzymatic synthesis of galactosyl–xylose by Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(02)00163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ducret A, Trani M, Lortie R. Screening of various glycosidases for the synthesis of octyl glucoside. Biotechnol Bioeng 2002; 77:752-7. [PMID: 11835135 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen glycosidases of microbial origin and almond beta-glycosidase were assayed in octanol/DMF (80:20, v/v), using a combination of hydrolysis, transglycosylation, and condensation reactions, in order to assess their potential for the production of alkyl glucosides. The two mesophile enzymes were highly impaired by the organic media. Three of the 11 thermophile enzymes gave interesting results in the hydrolysis and transglycosylation reactions, but they were highly inhibited by glucose. This made their use in a condensation reaction less interesting than the use of almond beta-glucosidase, which has a lower activity but shows less inhibition by the glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Ducret
- Microbial and Enzyme Technology Group, Bioprocess Sector, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2 Canada
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Hansson T, Adlercreutz P. OPTIMIZATION OF GALACTOOLIGO-SACCHARIDE PRODUCTION FROM LACTOSE USING β-GLYCOSIDASES FROM HYPERTHERMOPHILES. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/fbt-100106830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hansson T, Kaper T, van Der Oost J, de Vos WM, Adlercreutz P. Improved oligosaccharide synthesis by protein engineering of beta-glucosidase CelB from hyperthermophilic Pyrococcus furiosus. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001; 73:203-10. [PMID: 11257602 DOI: 10.1002/bit.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic transglycosylation of lactose into oligosaccharides was studied using wild-type beta-glucosidase (CelB) and active site mutants thereof (M424K, F426Y, M424K/F426Y) and wild-type beta-mannosidase (BmnA) of the hyperthermophilic Pyrococcus furiosus. The effects of the mutations on kinetics, enzyme activity, and substrate specificity were determined. The oligosaccharide synthesis was carried out in aqueous solution at 95 degrees C at different lactose concentrations and pH values. The results showed enhanced synthetic properties of the CelB mutant enzymes. An exchange of one phenylalanine to tyrosine (F426Y) increased the oligosaccharide yield (45%) compared with the wild-type CelB (40%). Incorporation of a positively charged group in the active site (M424K) increased the pH optimum of transglycosylation reaction of CelB. The double mutant, M424K/F426Y, showed much better transglycosylation properties at low (10-20%) lactose concentrations compared to the wild-type. At a lactose concentration of 10%, the oligosaccharide yield for the mutant was 40% compared to 18% for the wild-type. At optimal reaction conditions, a higher ratio of tetrasaccharides to trisaccharides was obtained with the double mutant (0.42, 10% lactose) compared to the wild-type (0.19, 70% lactose). At a lactose concentration as low as 10%, only trisaccharides were synthesized by CelB wild-type. The beta-mannosidase BmnA from P. furiosus showed both beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase activity and in the transglycosylation of lactose the maximal oligosaccharide yield of BmnA was 44%. The oligosaccharide yields obtained in this study are high compared to those reported with other transglycosylating beta-glycosidases in oligosaccharide synthesis from lactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hansson
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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Papanikolaou S. Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of alkyl-beta-glucosides in a water-alcohol two-phase system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2001; 77:157-161. [PMID: 11272022 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8524(00)00153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The enzymic synthesis of alkyl-beta-glucosides by water-immiscible alcohols was studied in stirred flasks as well as in a tubular enzymatic reactor. In the first case, direct alkylation of beta-D-glucose from hexanol using immobilized beta-glycosidase gave a higher conversion yield and final product concentration than that using the enzyme in its free state (yield 10 against 8% mol/mol, concentration 2 against 1.6 g/l). Direct glycosylation of beta-D-glucose from hexanol resulted in a higher reaction performance (yield 10%) than that from octanol (yield 5%). However, the two different incubation temperatures tested (37 degrees C and 50 degrees C), showed no significant differences concerning final product concentrations. The more interesting results were obtained by transglycosylation of methyl-1-beta-glucose from hexanol, with a conversion yield of 21% mol/mol (product amount 4 g/l). However, the transgalactosylation of lactose from hexanol, catalyzed by a fungal beta-galactosidase, showed only a feeble reactivity. The feasibility of enzymic alkylation was also tested in a tubular enzymatic reactor; hexyl-1-beta-glucoside was produced via direct glycosylation from hexanol catalyzed by free beta-glycosidase with a final concentration 1.3-2.3 g/l and a yield varying between 11% and 20% mol/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Papanikolaou
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique-CNRS,-ENSAIA, UPR 6811, 2, Avenue de la forêt de Haye, 54505 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
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Oligosaccharide synthesis by reversed catalysis using α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(00)00110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Reuter S, Rusborg Nygaard A, Zimmermann W. β-Galactooligosaccharide synthesis with β-galactosidases from Sulfolobus solfataricus, Aspergillus oryzae, and Escherichia coli. Enzyme Microb Technol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(99)00074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Regioselective synthesis of galactosyl-derivatives using exo-(1,4)-β-d-galactanase, galactan, and nonsugar acceptors. Enzyme Microb Technol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(99)00046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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van Rantwijk F, Woudenberg-van Oosterom M, Sheldon R. Glycosidase-catalysed synthesis of alkyl glycosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(99)00042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Crout DH, Vic G. Glycosidases and glycosyl transferases in glycoside and oligosaccharide synthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 1998; 2:98-111. [PMID: 9667913 DOI: 10.1016/s1367-5931(98)80041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Remarakable advances in glycobiology in recent years have stimulated a resurgence of interest in carbohydrate chemistry. The challenge of producing the complex glycosides and oligosaccharides needed for research in glycobiology has led to the development of enzymatic methods that are now firmly established as part of the synthetic repertoire of the carbohydrate chemist.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Crout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Finch P, Yoon JH. The effects of organic solvents on the synthesis of galactose disaccharides using β-galactosidases. Carbohydr Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(97)00182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Stevenson DE, Furneaux RH. High-yield syntheses of ethyl and 2-fluoroethyl β-d-galactopyranosides using Streptococcus thermophilus β-galactosidase. Enzyme Microb Technol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(95)00159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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