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Mousavi-Fakhrabadi SH, Ahmadi S, Arabi H. Mixing of hindered amine-grafted polyolefin elastomers with LDPE to enhance its long-term weathering and photo-stability. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Thermal, Mechanical and Biocompatibility Analyses of Photochemically Polymerized PEGDA250 for Photopolymerization-Based Manufacturing Processes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030628. [PMID: 35336002 PMCID: PMC8951438 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel fabrication techniques based on photopolymerization enable the preparation of complex multi-material constructs for biomedical applications. This requires an understanding of the influence of the used reaction components on the properties of the generated copolymers. The identification of fundamental characteristics of these copolymers is necessary to evaluate their potential for biomaterial applications. Additionally, knowledge of the properties of the starting materials enables subsequent tailoring of the biomaterials to meet individual implantation needs. In our study, we have analyzed the biological, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of photopolymerized poly(ethyleneglycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and specific copolymers with different photoinitiator (PI) concentrations before and after applying a post treatment washing process. As comonomers, 1,3-butanediol diacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate were used. The in vitro studies confirm the biocompatibility of all investigated copolymers. Uniaxial tensile tests show significantly lower tensile strength (82% decrease) and elongation at break (76% decrease) values for washed samples. Altered tensile strength is also observed for different PI concentrations: on average, 6.2 MPa for 1.25% PI and 3.1 MPa for 0.5% PI. The addition of comonomers lowers elongation at break on average by 45%. Moreover, our observations show glass transition temperatures (Tg) ranging from 27 °C to 56 °C, which significantly increase with higher comonomer content. These results confirm the ability to generate biocompatible PEGDA copolymers with specific thermal and mechanical properties. These can be considered as resins for various additive manufacturing-based applications to obtain personalized medical devices, such as drug delivery systems (DDS). Therefore, our study has advanced the understanding of PEGDA multi-materials and will contribute to the future development of tools ensuring safe and effective individual therapy for patients.
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Chen Y, Li W, Luo J, Liu R, Sun G, Liu X. Robust Damage-Reporting Strategy Enabled by Dual-Compartment Microcapsules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:14518-14529. [PMID: 33739100 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dye-filled microcapsules are an attractive way to identify microscopic damage of materials by the naked eye. However, there are many disadvantages in traditional microcapsule-based self-reporting materials, such as a poor self-reporting effect. A new concept for the design of self-reporting microcapsules is presented here. Our work develops a novel kind of dual-compartmental microcapsule via Pickering emulsion photopolymerization, which can encapsulate two interacting species ("pro-dye" and "developer") separately in a single microcapsule. In our strategy, SiO2 microspheres encapsulating polyetheramine (PEA, developer) were first prepared and employed as a Pickering emulsifier to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions, in which the oil phase consisted of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF, pro-dye) and a monomer. After the monomer polymerization, a dual-compartment microcapsule, which encapsulated the pro-dye in the core and the developer in the shell, was obtained. Upon the rupture of the microcapsule, the pro-dye and the developer were released simultaneously and reacted to yield a pronounced chromogenic response. Compared with traditional double-microcapsule systems, this dual-compartment microcapsule system demonstrated a more efficient and pronounced self-reporting effect. This is the first time that a double-encapsulation scheme involving the compartmentalized release of two interacting species within a single microcapsule has been demonstrated for self-reporting, which overcomes the tough problems of the uneven distribution of the traditional double-microcapsule systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Ren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Guanqing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
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Yuan M, Zhang G, Li B, Chung TCM, Rajagopalan R, Lanagan MT. Thermally Stable Low-Loss Polymer Dielectrics Enabled by Attaching Cross-Linkable Antioxidant to Polypropylene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:14154-14164. [PMID: 32125816 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polymer dielectrics with low-loss and high-temperature tolerance are extremely desirable as electrical energy storage materials for advanced electronics and electrical power applications. They can allow fast switching rates during power conversion and therefore achieve high power densities without thermal issues. Here, we explore polypropylene (PP), the state of the art dielectric polymer, and present an innovative approach to substantially improve the thermal stability and concurrently reduce the dielectric loss of PP. In particular, cross-linkable antioxidant groups, hindered phenol (HP), are incorporated into PP via well-controlled chemical synthesis. The grafted HP can simultaneously serve as radical scavenger and cross-linker, thereby constraining thermally decomposed radicals and charge transport in the synthesized PP-HP copolymer. As a result, the upper-temperature limit of PP-HP is greatly extended to 190 °C and the electrical loss is even gradually reduced upon thermal annealing. The copolymer after heating under 190 °C exhibits better dielectric properties than the PP without any thermal treatment. The experimental results indicate that the PP-HP copolymers are promising materials for high-temperature, low-loss, and high-voltage dielectric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Yuan
- PolyK Technologies, State College, Pennsylvania 16803, United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Bo Li
- PolyK Technologies, State College, Pennsylvania 16803, United States
| | - T C Mike Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ramakrishnan Rajagopalan
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Michael T Lanagan
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Chiang TH, Hsieh TE. A study of UV-curable epoxide resins containing thermal accelerator – Tertiary amines. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2007.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chiang TH, Hsieh TE. Effect of tertiary amines on yellowing of UV-curable epoxide resins. POLYM INT 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Liu X, Yang J, Chen Y. Reactive-HALS I: Synthesis, characterization, copolymerization reactivity and photo-stabilizing performance applied in UV-curable coatings. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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