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Shimizu K. Near-Infrared Transillumination for Macroscopic Functional Imaging of Animal Bodies. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1362. [PMID: 37997961 PMCID: PMC10668962 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The classical transillumination technique has been revitalized through recent advancements in optical technology, enhancing its applicability in the realm of biomedical research. With a new perspective on near-axis scattered light, we have harnessed near-infrared (NIR) light to visualize intricate internal light-absorbing structures within animal bodies. By leveraging the principle of differentiation, we have extended the applicability of the Beer-Lambert law even in cases of scattering-dominant media, such as animal body tissues. This approach facilitates the visualization of dynamic physiological changes occurring within animal bodies, thereby enabling noninvasive, real-time imaging of macroscopic functionality in vivo. An important challenge inherent to transillumination imaging lies in the image blur caused by pronounced light scattering within body tissues. By extracting near-axis scattered components from the predominant diffusely scattered light, we have achieved cross-sectional imaging of animal bodies. Furthermore, we have introduced software-based techniques encompassing deconvolution using the point spread function and the application of deep learning principles to counteract the scattering effect. Finally, transillumination imaging has been elevated from two-dimensional to three-dimensional imaging. The effectiveness and applicability of these proposed techniques have been validated through comprehensive simulations and experiments involving human and animal subjects. As demonstrated through these studies, transillumination imaging coupled with emerging technologies offers a promising avenue for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Shimizu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China;
- IPS Research Center, Waseda University, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
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Kamiyama H, Kitama M, Shimizu HO, Yamashita M, Kojima Y, Shimizu K. Fundamental Study for Optical Transillumination Imaging of Arteriovenous Fistula. ADVANCED BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.14326/abe.10.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kamiyama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Division of Engineering, Hokkaido University of Science
| | - Masataka Kitama
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science
| | - Hisae O. Shimizu
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science
| | - Masaji Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science
| | - Yohichiro Kojima
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University of Science
| | - Koichi Shimizu
- Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University
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Maeda Y, Hasegawa T, Komiyama E, Hirasawa Y, Tsuchihashi H, Ogawa T, Kim J, Ando S, Nagasaka A, Miura N, Ikeda S. Analysis of finger vein variety in patients with various diseases using vein authentication technology. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800354. [PMID: 30565416 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In finger vein authentication technology, near-infrared rays penetrate the finger and are absorbed by the hemoglobin in blood. The veins appear as dark areas. The finger vein pattern images of patients with various diseases were acquired; a new evaluation method applying image processing technique ("E value") was developed, and it was examined whether the patterns have any characteristics differentiating them from those of healthy volunteers. As a result, low E values appeared in systemic sclerosis, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjögren's syndrome, and polymyositis/dermatomyositis. No statistical reduction in E value was shown in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, pernio (without rheumatic diseases), arteriosclerosis obliterans, diabetes, hypertension, hypothyroidism and alopecia areata. This technology could be used for screening and evaluation of some diseases and their conditions with impaired peripheral venous circulation. E value may be useful as an indicator of venous circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Maeda
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Izunokuni, Japan
| | - Etsuko Komiyama
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hirasawa
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsuchihashi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takasuke Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jonghun Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Ando
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Nagasaka
- Center for Technology Innovation - Digital Technology, Research & Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Miura
- Center for Exploratory Research, Research & Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigaku Ikeda
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Kono M, Miura N, Fujii T, Ohmura K, Yoshifuji H, Yukawa N, Imura Y, Nakashima R, Ikeda T, Umemura SI, Miyatake T, Mimori T. Personal Authentication Analysis Using Finger-Vein Patterns in Patients with Connective Tissue Diseases--Possible Association with Vascular Disease and Seasonal Change. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144952. [PMID: 26701644 PMCID: PMC4689452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how connective tissue diseases affect finger-vein pattern authentication. METHODS The finger-vein patterns of 68 patients with connective tissue diseases and 24 healthy volunteers were acquired. Captured as CCD (charge-coupled device) images by transmitting near-infrared light through fingers, they were followed up in once in each season for one year. The similarity of the follow-up patterns and the initial one was evaluated in terms of their normalized cross-correlation C. RESULTS The mean C values calculated for patients tended to be lower than those calculated for healthy volunteers. In midwinter (February in Japan) they showed statistically significant reduction both as compared with patients in other seasons and as compared with season-matched healthy controls, whereas the values calculated for healthy controls showed no significant seasonal changes. Values calculated for patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) or mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) showed major reductions in November and, especially, February. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and patients with dermatomyositis or polymyositis (DM/PM) did not show statistically significant seasonal changes in C values. CONCLUSIONS Finger-vein patterns can be used throughout the year to identify patients with connective tissue diseases, but some attention is needed for patients with advanced disease such as SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Kono
- Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Miura
- Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Fujii
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ohmura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Yoshifuji
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoichiro Yukawa
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Imura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ran Nakashima
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaharu Ikeda
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Umemura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai-shi, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takafumi Miyatake
- Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Greco A, Ragucci M, Liuzzi R, Gargiulo S, Gramanzini M, Coda ARD, Albanese S, Mancini M, Salvatore M, Brunetti A. Repeatability, reproducibility and standardisation of a laser Doppler imaging technique for the evaluation of normal mouse hindlimb perfusion. SENSORS 2012; 13:500-15. [PMID: 23275085 PMCID: PMC3574687 DOI: 10.3390/s130100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical perfusion studies are useful for the improvement of diagnosis and therapy in dermatologic, cardiovascular and rheumatic human diseases. The Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging (LDPI) technique has been used to evaluate superficial alterations of the skin microcirculation in surgically induced murine hindlimb ischemia. We assessed the reproducibility and the accuracy of LDPI acquisitions and identified several critical factors that could affect LDPI measurements in mice. METHODS Twenty mice were analysed. Statistical standardisation and a repeatability and reproducibility analysis were performed on mouse perfusion signals with respect to differences in body temperature, the presence or absence of hair, the type of anaesthesia used for LDPI measurements and the position of the mouse body. RESULTS We found excellent correlations among measurements made by the same operator (i.e., repeatability) under the same experimental conditions and by two different operators (i.e., reproducibility). A Bland-Altman analysis showed the absence of bias in repeatability (p = 0.29) or reproducibility (p = 0.89). The limits of agreement for repeatability were -0.357 and -0.033, and for reproducibility, they were -0.270 and 0.238. Significant differences in perfusion values were observed in different experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS Different experimental conditions must be considered as a starting point for the evaluation of new drugs and strategic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Greco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80137 Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (S.A.); (M.S.); (A.B.)
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate,Via Gaetano Salvatore 482, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-813-737-806; Fax: +39-813-737-808
| | - Monica Ragucci
- Fondazione IRCCS SDN, Instituto per la Ricerca e l'alta Formazione in Diagnostica Nucleare, Via Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Raffaele Liuzzi
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Tommaso De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (R.L.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (A.R.D.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Sara Gargiulo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Tommaso De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (R.L.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (A.R.D.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Matteo Gramanzini
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Tommaso De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (R.L.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (A.R.D.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Daniela Coda
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Tommaso De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (R.L.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (A.R.D.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Sandra Albanese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80137 Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (S.A.); (M.S.); (A.B.)
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate,Via Gaetano Salvatore 482, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Mancini
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Tommaso De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (R.L.); (S.G.); (M.G.); (A.R.D.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Salvatore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80137 Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (S.A.); (M.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80137 Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (S.A.); (M.S.); (A.B.)
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate,Via Gaetano Salvatore 482, 80145 Naples, Italy
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Nakamura H. Development of noninvasive measurement of peripheral circulation and its medical application. Environ Health Prev Med 2012; 2:1-10. [PMID: 21432443 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/1996] [Accepted: 02/14/1997] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveys were carried out on tissue blood flow measurement based on the thermal diffusion method and on the assessment of peripheral circulatory function using photosensors.Regarding the thermal diffusion method, first noninvasive measurement using a Peltier stack was carried out. Then, measurements using a thermal clearance curve at various temperatures were performed.For noninvasive measurement of the mechanical properties of peripheral arteries using photosensors, the author determined the vascular volume ratio and/or the relative vascular volume.For clinical application in field studies, it is necessary to develop an apparatus with which absolute evaluation of the intravascular volume can be carried out using the blood volume around the unit volume as an indicator. Therefore, an apparatus that removes a signal constituent from tissue other than the blood using two-wavelength photosensors is required.If a noninvasive method to accurately measure the intravascular volume is established, changes in the mechanical properties of the peripheral arteries that correspond to functional and organic changes in the normal response can be observed more directly. Moreover, quantitative assessment of peripheral circulatory function will become possible, and diagnosis of the severity of peripheral circulatory disorders will be facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Japan 770, Tokushima
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7
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Dhawan AP, D'Alessandro B, Fu X. Optical imaging modalities for biomedical applications. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2012; 3:69-92. [PMID: 22275202 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2010.2081975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Optical photographic imaging is a well known imaging method that has been successfully translated into biomedical applications such as microscopy and endoscopy. Although several advanced medical imaging modalities are used today to acquire anatomical, physiological, metabolic, and functional information from the human body, optical imaging modalities including optical coherence tomography, confocal microscopy, multiphoton microscopy, multispectral endoscopy, and diffuse reflectance imaging have recently emerged with significant potential for non-invasive, portable, and cost-effective imaging for biomedical applications spanning tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. This paper reviews methods for modeling the propagation of light photons in a biological medium, as well as optical imaging from organ to cellular levels using visible and near-infrared wavelengths for biomedical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atam P Dhawan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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8
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Kono M, Ueki H, Umemura SI. Near-infrared finger vein patterns for personal identification. APPLIED OPTICS 2002; 41:7429-7436. [PMID: 12502300 DOI: 10.1364/ao.41.007429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated a personal identification system that is based on near-infrared finger vein patterns. Finger vein patterns of 678 volunteers are acquired by transmitting near-infrared light through a finger and capturing the image with a CCD camera. These vein patterns are enhanced by a background-reduction filter. The similarity between two patterns is then quantified by use of the normalized maximum of the cross correlation of the two images after correction of the tilt angle. The enhanced finger vein pattern enabled 678 persons to be successfully identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Kono
- Medical Systems Research Department, Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Limited, 1-280 Higashi-koigakubo Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
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9
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Chacko S, Singh M. Multi-layer imaging of human organs by measurement of laser backscattered radiation. Med Biol Eng Comput 1999; 37:278-84. [PMID: 10505375 DOI: 10.1007/bf02513300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Laser backscattered radiations from tissue phantoms and human forearms are measured by a reflectance imager. Laser radiations are guided by an optical fibre, and the backscattered radiations are collected by three optical fibres in the measurement probe assembly, placed at distances of 2 mm, 4 mm and 6 mm from the input fibre. By placing the measurement probe on the phantom or tissue surface and matching the outline on the computer monitor, the reflectance data from the organ or the phantom are collected. These data, after digitisation, interpolation and filtering, are colour coded and displayed on the computer monitor. Using this imaging procedure, the abnormalities embedded at different depths in the phantoms are located. The structural changes due to colour, composition and blood flow in the multi-layer of human forearms of various subjects are qualitatively shown in reflectance images obtained by this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chacko
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
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10
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Zhu XD, Wei S, Guo XW. Imaging objects in tissuelike media with optical tagging and the diffuse photon differential transmittance. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 1997; 14:300-305. [PMID: 8988622 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.14.000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In a proof-of-concept experiment, we optically tagged objects embedded in an inhomogeneous and multiple-scattering medium and measured the difference between the transmitted diffuse photons at two optical wave-lengths, one at and the other off a sharp absorption peak of the exogenous contrast agent. We demonstrated that the visibility of tagged objects was significantly enhanced in comparison with that of untagged objects. From our analysis it seems possible to use dual-wavelength differential transmittance spectrometry together with monoclonal-antibody-delivered optical contrast agents to detect tumors as small as 0.1-0.3 cm in size and embedded as deeply as a few centimeters beneath a tissue surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Zhu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
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11
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Jarry G, Lefebvre JP, Debray S, Perez J. Laser tomography of heterogeneous scattering media using spatial and temporal resolution. Med Biol Eng Comput 1993; 31:157-64. [PMID: 8331996 DOI: 10.1007/bf02446674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved tomography is performed in transillumination by using 527 nm picosecond pulses from a passively mode-locked doubled Nd/glass laser and a streak camera to select photons according to their flight time. This work reports on the increase in contrast of a time-resolved profile of a 2 mm radius opaque object embedded in a scattering medium, constituted of diluted milk in a 30 mm thick cell. For spatial analysis, the emerging photons are detected through a 6 mm slit at the outlet face of the cell. Transmission profiles obtained as a function of time show that the contrast is enhanced for the shortest flight times, while the 'shadow' of the object is no longer detected after about 100 ps. Moreover, improvements in contrast are studied for different configurations of the model, to analyse separately the role of collimated and scattered photons. It is expected that such a tomographic method based on time-resolved absorption could be applied to imaging for more complex biological structures in the red and near-infra-red range.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jarry
- INSERM Unité 2, Département de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
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12
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Abstract
An optical instrument called a "nevoscope" is used to image skin lesions by transillumination with visible light. The lesion is transilluminated by a fiber-optic annular ring light source that directs light into the skin area surrounding the lesion, forming a virtual source just beneath the lesion. Mirrors uniformly spaced around the lesion and tilted at various angles provide orthographic projections of the skin lesion. Additional views are obtained by rotating the mirror assembly. These multiple views are used in a direct three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the lesion using a filtered backprojection method. In this paper, we discuss the methodology of direct 3D reconstruction from 2D views of a transilluminated skin lesion as obtained using the new prototype nevoscope. We present the results of direct 3D reconstruction of a simulated phantom and a test object imaged using the nevoscope. In addition, a skin lesion was scanned in situ using the new prototype nevoscope. Results of the reconstruction of this lesion are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221
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13
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Key H, Davies ER, Jackson PC, Wells PN. Monte Carlo modelling of light propagation in breast tissue. Phys Med Biol 1991; 36:591-602. [PMID: 2068225 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/36/5/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Light transport in three-dimensional plane-parallel tissue slabs has been modelled by Monte Carlo analogue simulation. The model design has allowed the study of transmission properties that are pertinent to imaging systems for the detection of breast cancer. An important aspect of the investigations is that they make use of data obtained from quantitative measurements of light scattering and absorption in normal and pathological breast tissues. It is shown that an imaging technique which used a raster scanning laser and detector arrangement and plane-parallel compression of the breast could have considerable advantages in terms of improved transmittance, spatial unsharpness and contrast. Time-of-flight gating of images is also found to be beneficial provided that the light intensities after temporal filtering remain adequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Key
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, University of Bristol, Bristol General Hospital, UK
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14
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Abstract
Progress in medicine is almost always led by advances in science and technology. During the last quarter of a century, startling developments have taken place in medical imaging. X-ray techniques have been extended by improvements in film-screen technology and image intensifiers; digital radiography and computed tomography have been introduced. The gamma camera has been combined with computer processing and new radiopharmaceuticals have been devised. The resolution of real-time two-dimensional ultrasonic scanning has been improved almost to the diffraction limit and Doppler techniques provide detailed information about blood flow. Magnetic resonance imaging yields exquisite anatomical detail, tissue characterization and flow data and biochemistry can be studied through spectroscopy. Research aimed at improving all these methods is actively being pursued and there is interest in the potential of microwave, electrical impedance and light transmission techniques as medical imaging tools. In parallel with these diagnostic advances, techniques for minimally invasive surgery are being developed. Guided by appropriate imaging methods, suitable forms of radiation can be directed through the intact skin, or small instruments can be introduced through natural orifices or tiny incisions. Thus it is possible to undertake many interventional procedures that previously required open surgery. Because resources are limited, choices have to be made taking benefits, risks and costs into account. No diagnostic method is perfect; medical imaging is expensive in terms of equipment and trained personnel and its use has to be justified in competition with demands from other areas of health care. Unproductive work is having to be identified and abandoned.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Wells
- Department of Medical Physics, Bristol General Hospital, UK
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15
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Jarry G, Debray S, Perez J, Lefebvre JP, de Ficquelmont-Loïzos M, Gaston A. In vivo transillumination of the hand using near infrared laser pulses and differential spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 1989; 11:293-9. [PMID: 2666749 DOI: 10.1016/0141-5425(89)90062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In vivo dual wavelength differential spectrography was performed on the hand of an adult male, using a collimated transillumination device. A pulsed laser with sufficiently high peak power and sufficiently low energy was employed so that transillumination could be realized without thermal damage. Spectrochemical analysis based on the absorbance of oxygen transporting molecules (OTM), i.e. haemoglobin in blood vessels and myoglobin in muscles, was performed along a 70 mm scanning line within the near-red infrared range. The two wavelengths used (675 and 800 nm) were chosen on the basis of the absorption spectrum of haemoglobin. The profiles computed with differential spectrography data related to the oxygen saturation of OTM are closely correlated with X-ray densitometry of the most vascularized tissues in the hand along the scanning line. In addition, at 675 nm, the profiles are rapidly modified as a function of the oxygen supply to the hand. Considering the accuracy obtained for the spatial localization of the OTM redox state, it is expected that these results could be applied to imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jarry
- Département de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Creteil, France
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16
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Gentle CR. Mammobarography: a possible method of mass breast screening. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 1988; 10:124-6. [PMID: 3361866 DOI: 10.1016/0141-5425(88)90086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary details are given of a novel method of detecting breast lumps. The technique relies on the fact that such a lump will cause a perturbation in the pressure distribution when the breast is loaded against a flat plate. The pressure distribution is monitored by using the principle of frustrated total internal reflection to generate a brightness distribution which can then be presented as a contour map in synthesized colour. Using this technique, simulated lumps in breast prostheses have been detected down to a diameter of 6 mm. It is argued that this represents the basis of a method of mass breast screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Gentle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Trent Polytechnic, Nottingham, UK
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