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Žiganova M, Merijs-Meri R, Zicāns J, Bochkov I, Ivanova T, Vīgants A, Ence E, Štrausa E. Visco-Elastic and Thermal Properties of Microbiologically Synthesized Polyhydroxyalkanoate Plasticized with Triethyl Citrate. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2896. [PMID: 37447541 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current research is devoted to the investigation of the plasticization of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) with triethyl citrate (TEC). Three different PHB or PHBV-based systems with 10, 20, and 30 wt.% of TEC were prepared by two-roll milling. The effect of TEC on the rheological, thermal, mechanical, and calorimetric properties of the developed compression-molded PHB and PHBV-based systems was determined. It was revealed that the addition of TEC significantly influenced the melting behavior of both polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), reducing their melting temperatures and decreasing viscosities. It was also revealed that all the investigated systems demonstrated less than 2% weight loss until 200 °C and rapid degradation did not occur until 240-260 °C in an oxidative environment. Apart from this, a remarkable increase (ca 2.5 times) in ultimate tensile deformation εB was observed by increasing the amount of TEC in either PHB or PHBV. A concomitant, considerable drop in ultimate strength σB and modulus of elasticity E was observed. Comparatively, the plasticization efficiency of TEC was greater in the case of PHBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madara Žiganova
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 3 Paula Valdena Street, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Remo Merijs-Meri
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 3 Paula Valdena Street, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jānis Zicāns
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 3 Paula Valdena Street, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ivan Bochkov
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 3 Paula Valdena Street, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Tatjana Ivanova
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 3 Paula Valdena Street, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Armands Vīgants
- Laboratory of Bioconversion of Carbohydrates, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Street, LV-1050 Riga, Latvia
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Production of P(3HB-co-4HB) copolymer with high 4HB molar fraction by Burkholderia contaminans Kad1 PHA synthase. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tsujimoto Y, Sakurai T, Ono Y, Nagano S, Seki S. Cold Crystallization of Ferrocene-Hinged π-Conjugated Molecule Induced by the Limited Conformational Freedom of Ferrocene. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8325-8332. [PMID: 31498994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tsujimoto
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ono
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Nagoya University Venture Business Laboratory, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Towards understanding polyhydroxyalkanoates and their use. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-0988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Influence of Feeding and Controlled Dissolved Oxygen Level on the Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) Copolymer by Cupriavidus sp. USMAA2-4 and Its Characterization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:1315-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Recovery of amorphous polyhydroxybutyrate granules from Cupriavidus necator cells grown on used cooking oil. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 71:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Laycock B, Arcos-Hernandez MV, Langford A, Pratt S, Werker A, Halley PJ, Lant PA. Crystallisation and fractionation of selected polyhydroxyalkanoates produced from mixed cultures. N Biotechnol 2014; 31:345-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Polyhydroxyalkanoates production with mixed microbial cultures: from culture selection to polymer recovery in a high-rate continuous process. N Biotechnol 2013; 31:289-96. [PMID: 23954657 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production with mixed microbial cultures (MMC) has been investigated by means of a sequential process involving three different stages, consisting of a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor for MMC selection, a PHA accumulation reactor and a polymer extraction reactor. All stages were performed under continuous operation for at least 4 months to check the overall process robustness as well as the related variability of polymer composition and properties. By operating both biological stages at high organic loads (8.5 and 29.1 gCOD/Ld, respectively) with a synthetic mixture of acetic and propionic acid, it was possible to continuously produce PHA at 1.43 g/Ld with stable performance (overall, the storage yield was 0.18 COD/COD). To identify the optimal operating conditions of the extraction reactor, two digestion solutions have been tested, NaOH (1m) and NaClO (5% active Cl2). The latter resulted in the best performance both in terms of yield of polymer recovery (around 100%, w/w) and purity (more than 90% of PHA content in the residual solids, on a weight basis). In spite of the stable operating conditions and performance, a large variation was observed for the HV content, ranging between 4 and 20 (%, w/w) for daily samples after accumulation and between 9 and 13 (%, w/w) for weekly average samples after extraction and lyophilization. The molecular weight of the produced polymer ranged between 3.4 × 10(5) and 5.4 × 10(5)g/mol with a large polydispersity index. By contrast, TGA and DSC analysis showed that the thermal polymer behavior did not substantially change over time, although it was strongly affected by the extraction agent used (NaClO or NaOH).
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Melik DH, Harrison GM. The Linear Viscoelastic Behavior of a Series of 3-Hydroxybutyrate-based Copolymers. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The thermal and linear viscoelastic behavior of a series of synthetically produced 3-hydroxybutyrate-based copolymers is reported. The comonomers employed include 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB), 5-hydroxyvalerate (5HV), and 6-hydroxyhexanoate (6HH). The polymers investigated differed in the concentration of comonomer randomly distributed within the material and in the length of the carbon backbone of the comonomer. The glass transition temperature follows the Fox equation and decreases with increasing comonomer concentration. The molecular weight between entanglements Me was determined from the linear viscoelastic data for each copolymer, and a mixing rule was used to determine Me for homopolymers made from the comonomers studied. Depending on comonomer type and concentration, Me can be varied systematically, resulting in a wide range of potential applications depending on the chemistry employed. Using the complex viscosity data, master curves were constructed for both the zero-shear viscosity and the shear-thinning behavior depending upon the temperature and the molecular weight between entanglements. The analysis of rheological results and polymer properties based upon copolymer content provides an opportunity to process bio-based materials for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. H. Melik
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Beckett Ridge Technical Center, West Chester, OH, USA
| | - G. M. Harrison
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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Ng KS, Wong YM, Tsuge T, Sudesh K. Biosynthesis and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) copolymers using jatropha oil as the main carbon source. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Berti C, Celli A, Marchese P, Marianucci E, Sullalti S, Barbiroli G. Environmentally Friendly Copolyesters Containing 1,4-Cyclohexane Dicarboxylate Units, 1-Relationships Between Chemical Structure and Thermal Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Berti C, Celli A, Marchese P, Barbiroli G, Di Credico F, Verney V, Commereuc S. Novel copolyesters based on poly(alkylene dicarboxylate)s: 2. Thermal behavior and biodegradation of fully aliphatic random copolymers containing 1,4-cyclohexylene rings. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dai Y, Lambert L, Yuan Z, Keller J. Microstructure of copolymers of polyhydroxyalkanoates produced by glycogen accumulating organisms with acetate as the sole carbon source. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dai Y, Lambert L, Yuan Z, Keller J. Characterisation of polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers with controllable four-monomer composition. J Biotechnol 2008; 134:137-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Revised: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dai Y, Yuan Z, Jack K, Keller J. Production of targeted poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) copolymers by glycogen accumulating organisms using acetate as sole carbon source. J Biotechnol 2007; 129:489-97. [PMID: 17368850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Revised: 01/09/2007] [Accepted: 01/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the main limitations in bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production with mixed cultures is the fact that primarily polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) homopolymers are generated from acetate as the main carbon source, which is brittle and quite fragile. The incorporation of different 3-hydroxyalkanoate (HA) components into the polymers requires the addition of additional carbon sources, leading to extra costs and complexity. In this study, the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB)-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV)-co-3-hydroxy-2-methylvalerate (3HMV)), with 7-35C-mol% of 3HV fractions from acetate as the only carbon source was achieved with the use of glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs). An enriched GAO culture was obtained in a lab-scale reactor operated under alternating anaerobic and aerobic conditions with acetate fed at the beginning of the anaerobic period. The production of PHAs utilizing the enriched GAO culture was investigated under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. A polymer content of 14-41% of dry cell weight was obtained. The PHA product accumulated by GAOs under anaerobic conditions contained a relatively constant proportion of non-3HB monomers (30+/-5C-mol%), irrespective of the amount of acetate assimilated. In contrast, under aerobic conditions, GAOs only produced 3HB monomers from acetate causing a gradually decreasing 3HV fraction during this aerobic feeding period. The PHAs were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The data demonstrated that the copolymers possessed similar characteristics to those of commercially available poly(3HB-co-3HV) (PHBV) products. The PHAs produced under solely anaerobic conditions possessed lower melting points and crystallinity, higher molecular weights, and narrower molecular-weight distributions, compared to the aerobically produced polymers. This paper hence demonstrates the significant potential of GAOs to produce high quality polymers from a simple and cheap carbon source, contributing considerably to the growing research body on bacterial PHA production by mixed cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dai
- Advanced Wastewater Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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Di Lorenzo ML, Raimo M, Cascone E, Martuscelli E. POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE)-BASED COPOLYMERS AND BLENDS: INFLUENCE OF A SECOND COMPONENT ON CRYSTALLIZATION AND THERMAL BEHAVIOR*. J MACROMOL SCI B 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/mb-100107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Di Lorenzo
- a Istituto di Ricerca e Tecnologia delle Materie Plastiche (CNR) , Via Toiano, Arco Felice (NA), 6-80072, Italy
| | - M. Raimo
- a Istituto di Ricerca e Tecnologia delle Materie Plastiche (CNR) , Via Toiano, Arco Felice (NA), 6-80072, Italy
| | - E. Cascone
- a Istituto di Ricerca e Tecnologia delle Materie Plastiche (CNR) , Via Toiano, Arco Felice (NA), 6-80072, Italy
| | - E. Martuscelli
- b Istituto di Ricerca e Tecnologia delle Materie Plastiche (CNR) , Via Toiano, Arco Felice (NA), 6-80072, Italy
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Zagar E, Krzan A, Adamus G, Kowalczuk M. Sequence Distribution in Microbial Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Co-polyesters Determined by NMR and MS. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:2210-6. [PMID: 16827589 DOI: 10.1021/bm060201g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The microstructure of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolyesters (PHBV) as well as a mixture of two PHBV copolyesters of different comonomer composition and sequence distribution was studied by 13C NMR based on dyad and triad analysis and multistage electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn). Both techniques gave results that were in good agreement for all investigated samples. The effect of microstructure on PHBV thermal properties was investigated from the melting behavior of samples. A PHBV copolyester with randomly distributed hydroxyvalerate units (12.0 mol % HV) showed a single melting peak, whereas samples with nonrandom composition distribution showed multiple melting peaks in their thermograms. Such complex melting behavior suggested that the 12.9 and 27.1 mol % PHBV copolyesters were actually blends of several copolymers with widely different comonomer-unit composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Zagar
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Zhu Z, Dakwa P, Tapadia P, Whitehouse RS, Wang SQ. Rheological Characterization of Flow and Crystallization Behavior of Microbial Synthesized Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate). Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034219k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhu
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909
| | - Piwai Dakwa
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909
| | - Prashant Tapadia
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909
| | | | - Shi-Qing Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909
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Letizia Focarete M, Scandola M, Kumar A, Gross RA. Physical characterization of poly(?-pentadecalactone) synthesized by lipase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mansour AA, Saad GR, Hamed AH. II. Dielectric investigation of cold crystallization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate). POLYMER 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(98)00741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] and its copolymers with hydroxyalkanoates are naturally occurring thermoplastic materials produced by bacteria. There are many potential uses for these copolyesters owing to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. The physical properties of the copolyesters vary depending on the chemical structure as well as the composition of the comonomers. Usually, we expect, copolymers to have a narrow chemical composition distribution (CCD). Several reports, however, have pointed out that some bacterial copolyesters have broad and/or multimodal CCD. Fractionation based on the chemical composition has also been reported for several bacterial copolyester samples. In this review, the literature concerning CCD and fractionation based on chemical composition is summarized. The width of CCD is approximated based on the data of diad sequence distribution. Generality of the complex CCD in bacterial copolyesters is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yoshie
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
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Inoue Y. Biodegradable polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-6881(98)80029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Yoshie N, Menju H, Sato H, Inoue Y. Crystallization and Melting Behavior in Blends of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)s with a Narrow Composition Distribution. Polym J 1996. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.28.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Takeda M, Matsuoka H, Ban H, Ohashi Y, Hikuma M, Koizumi JI. Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-Co-3-hydroxyvalerate) by a mutant of Sphaerotilus natans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00164477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Synthesis and production of poly(3-hydroxyvaleric acid) homopolyester by Chromobacterium violaceum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00205030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Müller HM, Seebach D. Poly(hydroxyfettsäureester), eine fünfte Klasse von physiologisch bedeutsamen organischen Biopolymeren? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19931050404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Nakamura K, Goto Y, Yoshie N, Inoue Y. Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) from amino acids. Int J Biol Macromol 1992; 14:321-5. [PMID: 1476987 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-8130(05)80072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It was found that an optically active copolyester, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), denoted as P(3HB-co-3HV), is synthesized by Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 from several amino acids under various fermentation conditions. The optimum condition for the biosynthesis from one amino acid, threonine, was investigated and its biosynthetic pathway was discussed on the basis of the relation between the fermentation condition and the co-monomer composition of the produced polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakamura
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
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Haywood GW, Anderson AJ, Williams DR, Dawes EA, Ewing DF. Accumulation of a poly(hydroxyalkanoate) copolymer containing primarily 3-hydroxyvalerate from simple carbohydrate substrates by Rhodococcus sp. NCIMB 40126. Int J Biol Macromol 1991; 13:83-8. [PMID: 1888716 DOI: 10.1016/0141-8130(91)90053-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A number of taxonomically-related bacteria have been identified which accumulate poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) copolymers containing primarily 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) monomer units from a range of unrelated single carbon sources. One of these, Rhodococcus sp. NCIMB 40126, was further investigated and shown to produce a copolymer containing 75 mol% 3HV and 25 mol% 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) from glucose as sole carbon source. Polyesters containing both 3HV and 3HB monomer units, together with 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB), 5-hydroxyvalerate (5HV) or 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx), were also produced by this organism from certain accumulation substrates. With valeric acid as substrate, almost pure (99 mol% 3HV) poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) was produced. N.m.r. analysis confirmed the composition of these polyesters. The thermal properties and molecular weight of the copolymer produced from glucose were comparable to those of PHB produced by Alcaligenes eutrophus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Haywood
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Hull, UK
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Anderson AJ, Dawes EA. Occurrence, metabolism, metabolic role, and industrial uses of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates. Microbiol Rev 1990; 54:450-72. [PMID: 2087222 PMCID: PMC372789 DOI: 10.1128/mr.54.4.450-472.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 869] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), of which polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is the most abundant, are bacterial carbon and energy reserve materials of widespread occurrence. They are composed of 3-hydroxyacid monomer units and exist as a small number of cytoplasmic granules per cell. The properties of the C4 homopolymer PHB as a biodegradable thermoplastic first attracted industrial attention more than 20 years ago. Copolymers of C4 (3-hydroxybutyrate [3HB]) and C5 (3-hydroxyvalerate [3HV]) monomer units have modified physical properties; e.g., the plastic is less brittle than PHB, whereas PHAs containing C8 to C12 monomers behave as elastomers. This family of materials is the centre of considerable commercial interest, and 3HB-co-3HV copolymers have been marketed by ICI plc as Biopol. The known polymers exist as 2(1) helices with the fiber repeat decreasing from 0.596 nm for PHB to about 0.45 nm for C8 to C10 polymers. Novel copolymers with a backbone of 3HB and 4HB have been obtained. The native granules contain noncrystalline polymer, and water may possibly act as a plasticizer. Although the biosynthesis and regulation of PHB are generally well understood, the corresponding information for the synthesis of long-side-chain PHAs from alkanes, alcohols, and organic acids is still incomplete. The precise mechanisms of action of the polymerizing and depolymerizing enzymes also remain to be established. The structural genes for the three key enzymes of PHB synthesis from acetyl coenzyme A in Alcaligenes eutrophus have been cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. Polymer molecular weights appear to be species specific. The factors influencing the commercial choice of organism, substrate, and isolation process are discussed. The physiological functions of PHB as a reserve material and in symbiotic nitrogen fixation and its presence in bacterial plasma membranes and putative role in transformability and calcium signaling are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Anderson
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Hull, United Kingdom
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