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Iron in Hydroxyapatite: Interstitial or Substitution Sites? NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112978. [PMID: 34835742 PMCID: PMC8625999 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron-doped hydroxyapatite (Fe-HAp) is regarded as a promising magnetic material with innate biocompatibility. Despite the many studies reported in the literature, a detailed theoretical description of Fe inclusions is still missing. There is even no consensual view on what kind of Fe defects take place in Fe-HAp-iron interstitial or calcium substitutions? In order to address these questions, we employ modern first-principles methodologies, including hybrid density functional theory, to find the geometry, electronic, magnetic and thermodynamic properties of iron impurities in Fe-HAp. We consider a total of 26 defect configurations, including substitutional (phosphorus and calcium sites) and interstitial defects. Formation energies are estimated considering the boundaries of chemical potentials in stable hydroxyapatite. We show that the most probable defect configurations are: Fe3+ and Fe2+ substitutions of Ca(I) and Ca(II) sites under Ca-poor conditions. Conversely, Fe interstitials near the edge of the hydroxyl channel are favored in Ca-rich material. Substitutional Fe on the P site is also a probable defect, and unlike the other forms of Fe, it adopts a low-spin state. The analysis of Fe K-XANES spectra available in the literature shows that Fe-HAp usually contains iron in different configurations.
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Srinivasan B, Kolanthai E, Eluppai Asthagiri Kumaraswamy N, Jayapalan RR, Vavilapalli DS, Catalani LH, Ningombam GS, Khundrakpam NS, Singh NR, Kalkura SN. Thermally Modified Iron-Inserted Calcium Phosphate for Magnetic Hyperthermia in an Acceptable Alternating Magnetic Field. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5506-5513. [PMID: 31244102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic hyperthermia treatment using calcium phosphate nanoparticles is an evolutionary choice because of its excellent biocompatibility. In the present work, Fe3+ is incorporated into HAp nanoparticles by thermal treatment at various temperatures. Induction heating was examined within the threshold H f value of 4.58 × 106 kA m-1 s-1 (H is the strength of alternating magnetic field and f is the operating frequency) and sample concentration of 10 mg/mL. The temperature-dependent structural modifications are well correlated with the morphological, surface charge, and magnetic properties. Surface charge changes from +10 mV to -11 mV upon sintering because of the diffusion of iron in the HAp lattice. The saturation magnetization has been achieved by sintering the nanoparticles at 400 and 600 °C, which has led to the specific absorption rate of 12.2 and 37.2 W/g, respectively. Achievement of the hyperthermia temperature (42 °C) within 4 min is significant when compared with the existing magnetic calcium phosphate nanoparticles. The systematic investigation reveals that the HAp nanoparticles partially stabilized with FeOOH and biocompatible α-Fe2O3 exhibit excellent induction heating. In vitro tests confirmed the samples are highly hemocompatible. The importance of the present work lies in HAp nanoparticles exhibiting induction heating without compromising the factors such as H f value, low sample concentration, and reduced duration of applied field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Srinivasan
- Crystal Growth Centre , Anna University , Chennai , Tamil Nadu 600 025 , India
| | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química , University of São Paulo , Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 784 , São Paulo 05508-000 , Brazil
| | | | - Ramana Ramya Jayapalan
- National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology , University of Madras , Chennai , Tamil Nadu 600 025 , India
| | | | - Luiz Henrique Catalani
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química , University of São Paulo , Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 784 , São Paulo 05508-000 , Brazil
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Boda SK, Thrivikraman G, Panigrahy B, Sarma DD, Basu B. Competing Roles of Substrate Composition, Microstructure, and Sustained Strontium Release in Directing Osteogenic Differentiation of hMSCs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:19389-19408. [PMID: 27617589 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Strontium releasing bioactive ceramics constitute an important class of biomaterials for osteoporosis treatment. In the present study, we evaluated the synthesis, phase assemblage, and magnetic properties of strontium hexaferrite, SrFe12O19, (SrFe) nanoparticles. On the biocompatibility front, the size- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity of SrFe against human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were investigated. After establishing their non-toxic nature, we used the strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles (SrFeNPs) in varying amount (x = 0, 10, and 20 wt %) to consolidate bioactive composites with hydroxyapatite (HA) by multi-stage spark plasma sintering (SPS). Rietveld refinement of these spark plasma sintered composites revealed a near complete decomposition of SrFe12O19 to magnetite (Fe3O4) along with a marked increase in the unit cell volume of HA, commensurate with strontium-doped HA. The cytocompatibility of SrHA-Fe composites with hMSCs was assessed using qualitative and quantitative morphological analysis along with phenotypic and genotypic expression for stem cell differentiation. A marked decrease in the stemness of hMSCs, indicated by reduced vimentin expression and acquisition of osteogenic phenotype, evinced by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and collagen deposition was recorded on SrHA-Fe composites in osteoinductive culture. A significant upregulation of osteogenic marker genes (Runx2, ALP and OPN) was detected in case of the SrHA-Fe composites, whereas OCN and Col IA expression were similarly high for baseline HA. However, matrix mineralization was elevated on SrHA-Fe composites in commensurate with the release of Sr2+ and Fe2+. Summarizing, the current work is the first report of strontium hexaferrite as a non-toxic nanobiomaterial. Also, SrHA-based iron oxide composites can potentially better facilitate bone formation, when compared to pristine HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Boda
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, §Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, ⊥Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, and ∥Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bengaluru 560 012, India
| | - Greeshma Thrivikraman
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, §Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, ⊥Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, and ∥Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bengaluru 560 012, India
| | - Bharati Panigrahy
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, §Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, ⊥Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, and ∥Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bengaluru 560 012, India
| | - D D Sarma
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, §Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, ⊥Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, and ∥Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bengaluru 560 012, India
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, §Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, ⊥Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, and ∥Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bengaluru 560 012, India
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Shi H, He F, Ye J. Synthesis and structure of iron- and strontium-substituted octacalcium phosphate: effects of ionic charge and radius. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:1712-1719. [PMID: 32263022 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02247a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) has received intensive research focus as a main component of bone substitute materials due to its highly osteoconductive and biodegradable characteristics. In this work, OCP was synthesized using chemical precipitation methods. Biologically relevant iron ions (Fe3+) and strontium ions (Sr2+) which have different ionic charges and radii were successfully introduced into OCP crystal structure, and their effects on the formation, phase components and structure of OCPs were investigated. The incorporation of Fe3+ and Sr2+ led to lattice expansion of OCP. Both ionic substitutions had slight effects on the morphology and microstructure of typical plate-like OCP crystals. In particular, nanosized particles containing rich Fe were deposited on the surface of plate-like Fe3+-substituted OCP crystals, which confirmed the influence of iron substitution on the corresponding crystal surface nature. This work highlights the different replacements of complex Ca sites by Fe and Sr in the apatite layers and hydrated layers of OCP crystal structure, which gives more possible accounts for foreign trivalent and divalent cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Low HR, Phonthammachai N, Maignan A, Stewart GA, Bastow TJ, Ma LL, White TJ. The Crystal Chemistry of Ferric Oxyhydroxyapatite. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:11774-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ic801491t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. R. Low
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Laboratoire CRISMAT, UMR CNRS 6508, ENSICAEN, 6 Bd du Marechal Juin, 14050 Caen, Cedex, France, School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia, and CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - N. Phonthammachai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Laboratoire CRISMAT, UMR CNRS 6508, ENSICAEN, 6 Bd du Marechal Juin, 14050 Caen, Cedex, France, School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia, and CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - A. Maignan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Laboratoire CRISMAT, UMR CNRS 6508, ENSICAEN, 6 Bd du Marechal Juin, 14050 Caen, Cedex, France, School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia, and CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - G. A. Stewart
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Laboratoire CRISMAT, UMR CNRS 6508, ENSICAEN, 6 Bd du Marechal Juin, 14050 Caen, Cedex, France, School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia, and CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - T. J. Bastow
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Laboratoire CRISMAT, UMR CNRS 6508, ENSICAEN, 6 Bd du Marechal Juin, 14050 Caen, Cedex, France, School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia, and CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - L. L. Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Laboratoire CRISMAT, UMR CNRS 6508, ENSICAEN, 6 Bd du Marechal Juin, 14050 Caen, Cedex, France, School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia, and CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - T. J. White
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Laboratoire CRISMAT, UMR CNRS 6508, ENSICAEN, 6 Bd du Marechal Juin, 14050 Caen, Cedex, France, School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia, and CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Private Bag 33, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
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