1
|
Todorić-Zivanović B, Marisavljević D, Surace C, Cemerikić V, Marković O, Krtolica K, Tatomirović Z, Cikota B, Magić Z, Rocchi M. A Ph-negative chronic myeloid leukemia with a complex BCR/ABL rearrangement and a t(6;9)(p21;q34.1). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 166:180-5. [PMID: 16631477 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2005] [Revised: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 11/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal malignant disorder of a pluripotent hematopoetic stem cell characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome in more than 90% of patients. Cryptic or "masked" BCR/ABL gene rearrangements may be found in cases with a normal karyotype and in cases with the complex karyotype, in which typical t(9;22) is not visible at the microscopic level. Those rearrangements can now be detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Here, we report on a novel and complex Ph chromosome-negative CML case with a t(6;9)(p21;q34.1) in which the BCR/ABL fusion gene is located at 6p21.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Rearrangement/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
- Male
- Metaphase/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
Storlazzi CT, Anelli L, Surace C, Lonoce A, Zagaria A, Nanni M, Curzi P, Rocchi M. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a complex rearrangement involving chromosomes 9 and 22 in a case of Ph-negative chronic myeloid leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2002; 136:141-5. [PMID: 12237239 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(02)00530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The "golden path", produced by the Human Genome Project effort, is composed of a collection of overlapping and fully sequenced BAC/PAC clones covering almost completely the human genome. These clones can be advantageously exploited as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes for the characterization of rearrangements frequently found in tumors. Breakpoint characterization can be further refined by generating additional smaller FISH probes through LONG-PCR amplification of specific DNA segments, 5-10 kb in size, using appropriate BAC/PAC probes as template. We report here an example of this approach that has been used to characterize a complex Ph-negative chronic myeloid leukemia (CML Ph-) case in which the BCR/ABL fusion gene was found located on chromosome 9.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Chromosome Breakage
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
Collapse
|
4
|
Terré C, Bastie JN, Garcia I, Suzan F, Cayuela JM, Therond P, Castaigne S. BCR/ABL fusion gene detected on 9q34 by fluorescence in situ hybridization in an acute leukemia with two BCR/ABL positive clones, one Ph-negative and one Ph-positive. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2001; 131:37-41. [PMID: 11734316 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(01)00496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and molecular analyses in the first reported case of an acute leukemia with two BCR-positive clones: one cell Ph-positive and all others Ph-negative. A BCR/ABL fusion gene on 9q34 was detected only with a BCR/ABL dual color translocation probe. These FISH interphase signals must be confirmed on a metaphase to avoid an erroneous interpretation. This observation appears to indicate a 2-step mechanism for this aberrant fusion gene localization: first, a classical t(9;22), and then the transfer of the fusion gene formed on chromosome 22 to chromosome 9 by a second translocation between the long arms of the derivative chromosomes 9q+ and 22q-, masking the first chromosome exchange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Terré
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Genetics and Hematology, Hôpital de Versailles, Versailles, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Verma RS, Chandra P. Clinical significance of reverse BCR/ABL gene rearrangement in Ph-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia. Leuk Res 2000; 24:631-5. [PMID: 10867140 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(00)00034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R S Verma
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Medicine, Wyckoff Heights Medical Center-New York Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 375 Stockholm Street, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11237, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yehuda O, Abeliovich D, Ben-Neriah S, Sverdlin I, Cohen R, Varadi G, Orr R, Ashkenazi YJ, Heyd J, Lugassy G, Ben Yehuda D. Clinical implications of fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis in 13 chronic myeloid leukemia cases: Ph-negative and variant Ph-positive. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1999; 114:100-7. [PMID: 10549264 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, 10 with variant Philadelphia (Ph) translocations and 3 Ph negative cases, were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the use of BCR and ABL cosmid probes and a chromosome 22 painting probe. In the variant Ph translocations, the BCR-ABL fusion gene was located on the Ph chromosome; in 1 CML Ph-negative patient, the BCR-ABL fusion gene was located on the Ph chromosome; and, in 2 patients, it was located on chromosome 9. The chromosome 22 painting probe was detected on the third-party chromosome of the variant translocation, and in none of the variant translocations was there any detectable signal on chromosome 9. In CML patients with clonal evolution of a simple Ph, a signal of the chromosome 22 painting probe was detected on the der(9) of the Ph translocation. It was concluded that the variant Ph translocations evolved simultaneously in a three-way rearrangement. The clinical parameters of the 13 patients were similar to those of a large group of CML patients with a simple Ph translocation. It is suggested that, to determine the prognosis of CML patients with a complex karyotype, FISH analysis with a chromosome 22 painting probe be performed.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Chromosome Painting
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Genetic Variation/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/mortality
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Prognosis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Yehuda
- Department of Human Genetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vieira L, Alves AC, Marques B, Reis I, Jorge G, Ambrósio AP, de Sousa AB, Boavida MG. Insertion of the 5' part of BCR within the ABL gene at 9q34 in a Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloid leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1999; 114:17-21. [PMID: 10526530 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a chronic myeloid leukemia patient without evidence of a Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome in whom RT-PCR analysis performed in blast crisis demonstrated the existence of both common b3a2 and b2a2 BCR/ABL fusion transcripts. In situ hybridization studies with BCR- and ABL-specific probes showed location of the BCR/ABL fusion gene on chromosome 9, band q34, instead of at chromosome 22q11, and that it resulted from an insertion of the 5' side of BCR within the ABL gene on chromosome 9. The vast majority of cells showed a BCR/ABL fusion gene on both chromosomes 9, which is equivalent to a double Ph chromosome, thus reinforcing the notion that the critical event in CML is the formation of a functional BCR/ABL fusion gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Vieira
- Laboratório de Oncobiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reddy KS, Grove B. A Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloid leukemia with a BCR/ABL fusion gene on chromosome 9. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1998; 107:48-50. [PMID: 9809034 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(98)00064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 40-year-old man had chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and an apparently normal karyotype. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with a BCR/ABL1-S probe, which is formatted to display a BCR/ABL fusion signal on chromosome 22, gave a positive fusion signal on a chromosome 9. Therefore this patient has a BCR/ABL fusion gene on chromosome 9. The BCR/ABL1-D probe, formatted to display a fluorescent signal for both the reciprocal products of a 9/22 rearrangement, gave a positive fusion signal on the derivatives 9 and 22. These findings favor either a cryptic reciprocal exchange between BCR and ABL loci or the reversal of a Philadelphia translocation. An insertion of BCR next to ABL is ruled out. The reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction provided molecular evidence that a typical CML chimeric product resulting from a fusion of BCR exon 2 with C-ABL exon II, a2b2, is present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Reddy
- Quest Diagnostics Inc., San Juan Capistrano, California 92690, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hsu WT, Preisler H, Szego K, Sprudzs R, Gao XZ. The ABL/BCR fusion gene on chromosome 9 in Ph-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia: a case for vigilance in fluorescence in situ hybridization interpretation. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1998; 104:57-60. [PMID: 9648560 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(97)00430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and molecular analysis in a case of Ph-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia patient with ABL/BCR fusion gene on chromosome 9 and a disparate FISH signal pattern using two commercially available bcr/abl probes (Vysis, Inc. and Oncor, Inc.). Cytogenetic analysis revealed a 46,XX normal female karyotype. FISH studies using Vysis LSI bcr/abl probe in interphase cells demonstrated a BCR/ABL fusion pattern, similar to that of m-BCR/ABL fusion found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, examination of metaphases revealed the ABL/BCR fusion signal on one of the chromosomes 9, an ABL signal on the other chromosome 9, and two BCR signals of different sizes on each of the chromosomes 22. Subsequently, a FISH study with the Oncor major (M)-bcr/abl translocation probe confirmed the ABL/BCR fusion signal on chromosome 9 in addition to an ABL signal and a BCR signal located on chromosomes 9 and 22, respectively. Molecular studies (RT-PCR) revealed a rearrangement of the M-BCR region and expression of a chimeric bcr/abl mRNA of b3a2 configuration. This case suggests that it is imperative to have a full understanding of both the capabilities and the limitations of bcr/abl translocation probes and that FISH interphase signals should be confirmed on metaphase spreads for accurate diagnosis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Observer Variation
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W T Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aurich J, Dastugue N, Duchayne E, Schlaifer D, Rigal-Huguet F, Caballin MR. Location of theBCR-ABL fusion gene on the 9q34 band in two cases of Ph-positive chronic myeloid leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2264(199710)20:2<148::aid-gcc5>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Weber-Matthiesen K, Schoch R, Schlegelberger B. Variant Philadelphia translocation t(9;17)(q34.2-3;q21.3) with colocalization of the BCR and ABL genes on chromosome 9 in chronic myeloid leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1997; 96:87-9. [PMID: 9209476 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Female
- Genes, abl/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/genetics
- Philadelphia Chromosome
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The BCR-ABL hybrid gene, the main product of the t(9;22)(q34;q11) translocation, is found in the leukaemic clone of at least 95% of CML patients. The fusion protein encoded by BCR-ABL varies in size, depending on the breakpoint in the BCR gene. Three breakpoint cluster regions have been characterized to date: major (M-bcr), minor (m-bcr) and micro (mu-bcr). The overwhelming majority of CML patients have a p210 BCR-ABL gene (M-bcr), whose mRNA transcripts have a b3a2 and/or a b2a2 junction. There is apparently no significant difference between patients with a 5' or a 3' M-bcr breakpoint, except maybe for a slight predominance of b3a2-expressing cases among those with increased platelet counts (ET-like syndrome). The smallest of the fusion proteins, p190BCR-ABL, (m-bcr breakpoint) is principally associated with Ph-positive ALL. Rare cases of CML are due to a p190-type of BCR-ABL gene and, in these, the disease tends to have a prominent monocytic component, resembling CMML. CML resulting from a p230 BCR-ABL gene (mu-bcr breakpoint) is also rare, and has been associated with the CNL variant and/or with marked thrombocytosis. Exceptional CML cases have been described with BCR breakpoints outside the three defined cluster regions, or with unusual breakpoints in ABL resulting in BCR-ABL transcripts with b2a3 or b3a3 junctions, or with aberrant fusion transcripts containing variable lengths of intronic sequence inserts. The reciprocal ABL-BCR gene found in the derivative 9q+ chromosome of the t(9;22) is transcriptionally active in nearly two-thirds of CML patients but has not been shown so far to have a functional role in CML. 'Ph-negative CML' comprises cases of typical CML in whom the BCR-ABL gene can be detected by molecular methods and others who are genuinely BCR-ABL negative and usually have an atypical disease phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J V Melo
- Department of Haematology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Toren A, Rechavi G, Nagler A. Minimal residual disease post-bone marrow transplantation for hemato-oncological diseases. Stem Cells 1996; 14:300-11. [PMID: 8724696 DOI: 10.1002/stem.140300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The detection of minimal residual disease (MRD), which is important in cancer treatment, gained special significance in bone marrow transplantation (BMT-) due to the possibility not just to detect but recently also to prevent, treat and reinduce remission in patients that relapsed post-BMT by immunotherapy. The various modern techniques of MRD detection are described including cytogenetics, analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism, variable number of tandem repeats by Southern Blot or polymerase chain reaction (PCR), microsatellite sequences, PCR amplification products of the Y chromosome or the Amelogenin gene, quantitative PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The role of MRD detection in refinement of indications for BMT, autografting, prediction of relapse, adoptive immunotherapy, mixed chimerism in nonmalignant diseases and in solid organ transplantation is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Toren
- Pediatric Hemato/Oncology Department, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|