1
|
Alvaro-Benito M, Morrison E, Wieczorek M, Sticht J, Freund C. Human leukocyte Antigen-DM polymorphisms in autoimmune diseases. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160165. [PMID: 27534821 PMCID: PMC5008016 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical MHC class II (MHCII) proteins present peptides for CD4+ T-cell surveillance and are by far the most prominent risk factor for a number of autoimmune disorders. To date, many studies have shown that this link between particular MHCII alleles and disease depends on the MHCII's particular ability to bind and present certain peptides in specific physiological contexts. However, less attention has been paid to the non-classical MHCII molecule human leucocyte antigen-DM, which catalyses peptide exchange on classical MHCII proteins acting as a peptide editor. DM function impacts the presentation of both antigenic peptides in the periphery and key self-peptides during T-cell development in the thymus. In this way, DM activity directly influences the response to pathogens, as well as mechanisms of self-tolerance acquisition. While decreased DM editing of particular MHCII proteins has been proposed to be related to autoimmune disorders, no experimental evidence for different DM catalytic properties had been reported until recently. Biochemical and structural investigations, together with new animal models of loss of DM activity, have provided an attractive foundation for identifying different catalytic efficiencies for DM allotypes. Here, we revisit the current knowledge of DM function and discuss how DM function may impart autoimmunity at the organism level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Alvaro-Benito
- Protein Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eliot Morrison
- Protein Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marek Wieczorek
- Protein Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Sticht
- Protein Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Protein Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arnaiz-Villena A, Palacio-Grüber J, Muñiz E, Rey D, Recio MJ, Campos C, Martinez-Quiles N, Martin-Villa JM, Martinez-Laso J. HLA-DMB in Amerindians: Specific linkage of DMB*01:03:01/DRB1 alleles. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:389-94. [PMID: 26944519 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
3
|
Chistiakov DA. Immunogenetics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES 2005; 2:1. [PMID: 15762980 PMCID: PMC555850 DOI: 10.1186/1740-2557-2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an organ-specific T-cell mediated disease. It is a complex disease, with a strong genetic component. To date, significant progress has been made towards the identification and functional characterization of HT susceptibility genes. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the genetic input to the pathogenesis of HT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Ch, De Beriotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are cell surface proteins that present peptides to CD4(+) T cells. In addition to these wellcharacterized molecules, two other class II-like proteins are produced from the class II region of the MHC, HLA-DM (DM) and HLA-DO (DO) (called H2-M, or H2-DM and H2-O in the mouse). The function of DM is well established; it promotes peptide loading of class II molecules in the endosomal/lysosomal system by catalyzing the release of CLIP peptides (derived from the class II-associated invariant chain) in exchange for more stably binding peptides. While DM is present in all class II- expressing antigen presenting cells, DO is expressed mainly in B cells. In this cell type the majority of DM molecules are not present as free heterodimers but are instead associated with DO in tight heterotetrameric complexes. The association with DM is essential for the intracellular transport of DO, and the two molecules remain associated in the endosomal system. DO can clearly modify the peptide exchange activity of DM both in vitro and in vivo, but the physiological relevance of this interaction is still only partly understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Alfonso
- The R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alvarez M, Recio MJ, Martinez-Laso J, Pérez-Blas M, Garcia-de-la-Torre C, Vargas-Alarcón G, Alegre R, Gomez-Casado E, Arnaiz-Villena A. Allelic diversity at the primate MHC-DMB locus: presence of a conserved tyrosine inhibitory motif in the cytoplasmic tail. TISSUE ANTIGENS 1998; 51:174-82. [PMID: 9510373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1998.tb02962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ten new primate Mhc-DMB complete cDNA sequences have been obtained in chimpanzee (n=four), gorilla (n=three) and orangutan (n=three); this gene has not been previously studied in these species. Exonic allelism has been recorded all along the molecule domains and also in the leader peptide, but not in the transmembrane segment. An analysis of the residues critical in the conformation of the Mhc-DR peptide-binding site was done in order to look for a Mhc-DR homologue site; synonymous substitutions are favoured in this homologous HLA-DM region. This is another finding that supports the possibility that DM could not be typically presenting molecules. The immunoreceptor inhibition motif Tyr 230-Thr/Ser 231-Pro 232-Leu 233 (ITIM) is invariantly present in apes for at least 15 million years, and may have a double function: 1) To direct DMB-DMA molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum or cell surface towards the endosomal/lysosomal class II compartment and 2) to send an inhibitory signal to the cell in order to stop synthesis of unnecessary HLA-DR molecules, once all available antigenic peptides are loaded. Other molecules, like NK-cell receptors and Fc receptors, bear this type of tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs in order to switch off specific cell functions. DMB molecules (as previously shown in C4d molecules) do not present species-specific motifs in common chimpanzee, suggesting that this species is very close to gorilla or man; also, DMB, like C4d molecules, do not show a trans-species evolution pattern, suggesting the existence of extensive homogenization of DMB genes within each species or a recent generation of alleles. Finally, a clade grouping human and gorilla DMB cDNA sequences is obtained using a dendrogram (as for C4d trees); this is in contrast to others' results that obtain a human/chimpanzee clade using different DNA sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Alvarez
- Department of Immunology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bodmer JG, Marsh SG, Albert ED, Bodmer WF, Bontrop RE, Charron D, Dupont B, Erlich HA, Fauchet R, Mach B, Mayr WR, Parham P, Sasazuki T, Schreuder GMT, Strominger JL, Svejgaard A, Terasaki PI. Nomenclature for Factors of the HLA System, 1996. Vox Sang 1997. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1423-0410.1997.7320105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
7
|
Bodmer JG, Marsh SG, Albert ED, Bodmer WF, Bontrop RE, Charron D, Dupont B, Erlich HA, Fauchet R, Mach B, Mayr WR, Parham P, Sasazuki T, Schreuder GM, Strominger JL, Svejgaard A, Terasaki PI. Nomenclature for factors of the HLA System, 1996. Hum Immunol 1997; 53:98-128. [PMID: 9127153 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(97)00031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J G Bodmer
- ICRF Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bodmer JG, Marsh SG, Albert ED, Bodmer WF, Bontrop RE, Charron D, Dupont B, Erlich HA, Fauchet R, Mach B, Mayr WR, Parham P, Sasazuki T, Schreuder GM, Strominger JL, Svejgaard A, Terasaki PI. Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1996. TISSUE ANTIGENS 1997; 49:297-321. [PMID: 9098945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1997.tb02759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J G Bodmer
- ICRF Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|