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Gao N, Shu Y, Wang Y, Sun M, Wei Z, Song C, Zhang W, Sun Y, Hu X, Bao Z, Ding W. Acute Ammonia Causes Pathogenic Dysbiosis of Shrimp Gut Biofilms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2614. [PMID: 38473861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute ammonia exposure has detrimental effects on shrimp, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully explored. In the present study, we investigated the impact of acute ammonia exposure on the gut microbiota of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its association with shrimp mortality. Exposure to a lethal concentration of ammonia for 48 h resulted in increased mortality in L. vannamei, with severe damage to the hepatopancreas. Ammonia exposure led to a significant decrease in gut microbial diversity, along with the loss of beneficial bacterial taxa and the proliferation of pathogenic Vibrio strains. A phenotypic analysis revealed a transition from the dominance of aerobic to facultative anaerobic strains due to ammonia exposure. A functional analysis revealed that ammonia exposure led to an enrichment of genes related to biofilm formation, host colonization, and virulence pathogenicity. A species-level analysis and experiments suggest the key role of a Vibrio harveyi strain in causing shrimp disease and specificity under distinct environments. These findings provide new information on the mechanism of shrimp disease under environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineer Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineer Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yongming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineer Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhongcheng Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chenxi Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- Southern Marine Science and Engineer Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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