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Rapson AC, Gee ML, Clayton AHA, Smith TA. Interactions of a lytic peptide with supported lipid bilayers investigated by time-resolved evanescent wave-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2016; 4:044001. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/4/4/044001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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2
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D’Auria S, Herman P, Lakowicz JR, Tanfani F, Bertoli E, Manco G, Rossi M. The esterase from the thermophilic eubacterium Bacillus acidocaldarius: structural-functional relationship and comparison with the esterase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus. Proteins 2000; 40:473-81. [PMID: 10861939 PMCID: PMC6880242 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0134(20000815)40:3<473::aid-prot140>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The esterase from the thermophilic eubacterium Bacillus acidocaldarius is a thermophilic and thermostable monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 34 KDa. The enzyme, characterized as a "B-type" carboxylesterase, displays the maximal activity at 65 degrees C. Interestingly, it is also quite active at room temperature, an unusual feature for an enzyme isolated from a thermophilic microorganism. We investigated the effect of temperature on the structural properties of the enzyme, and compared its structural features with those of the esterase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus. In particular, the secondary structure and the thermal stability of the esterase were studied by FT-IR spectroscopy, while information on the conformational dynamics of the enzyme were obtained by frequency-domain fluorometry and anisotropy decays. Our data pointed out that the Bacillus acidocaldarius enzyme possesses a secondary structure rich in alpha-helices as described for the esterase isolated from Archaeoglobus fulgidus. Moreover, infrared spectra indicated a higher accessibility of the solvent ((2)H(2)O) to Bacillus acidocaldarius esterase than to Archaeoglobus fulgidus enzyme suggesting, in turn, a less compact structure of the former enzyme. The fluorescence studies showed that the intrinsic tryptophanyl fluorescence of the Bacillus acidocaldarius protein was well represented by the three-exponential model, and that the temperature affected the protein conformational dynamics. The data suggested an increase in the protein flexibility on increasing the temperature. Moreover, comparison of Bacillus acidocaldarius esterase with the Archaeoglobus fugidus enzyme fluorescence data indicated a higher flexibility of the former enzyme at all temperatures tested, supporting the infrared data and giving a possible explanation of its unusual relative high activity at low temperatures. Proteins 2000;40:473-481.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabato D’Auria
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology, C.N.R., Napoli, Italy
| | - Petr Herman
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph R. Lakowicz
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Correspondence to: Joseph R. Lakowicz, Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 725 W Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201.
| | - Fabio Tanfani
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School University of Ancona, Via Ranieri, Ancona, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertoli
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School University of Ancona, Via Ranieri, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manco
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology, C.N.R., Napoli, Italy
| | - Mose’ Rossi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology, C.N.R., Napoli, Italy
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D’Auria S, Herman P, Lakowicz JR, Bertoli E, Tanfani F, Rossi M, Manco G. The thermophilic esterase from Archaeoglobus fulgidus: structure and conformational dynamics at high temperature. Proteins 2000; 38:351-60. [PMID: 10707022 PMCID: PMC6883670 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0134(20000301)38:4<351::aid-prot1>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The esterase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus is a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of about 35.5 kDa. The enzyme is barely active at room temperature, displaying the maximal enzyme activity at about 80 degrees C. We have investigated the effect of the temperature on the protein structure by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The data show that between 20 degrees C and 60 degrees C a small but significant decrease of the beta-sheet bands occurred, indicating a partial loss of beta-sheets. This finding may be surprising for a thermophilic protein and suggests the presence of a temperature-sensitive beta-sheet. The increase in temperature from 60 degrees C to 98 degrees C induced a decrease of alpha-helix and beta-sheet bands which, however, are still easily detected at 98 degrees C indicating that at this temperature some secondary structure elements of the protein remain intact. The conformational dynamics of the esterase were investigated by frequency-domain fluorometry and anisotropy decays. The fluorescence studies showed that the intrinsic tryptophanyl fluorescence of the protein was well represented by the three-exponential model, and that the temperature affected the protein conformational dynamics. Remarkably, the tryptophanyl fluorescence emission reveals that the indolic residues remained shielded from the solvent up to 80 degrees C, as shown from the emission spectra and by acrylamide quenching experiments. The relationship between enzyme activity and protein structure is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabato D’Auria
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for
Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Baltimore, Maryland
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology, C.N.R.
Naples, Italy
| | - Petr Herman
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for
Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph R. Lakowicz
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for
Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Baltimore, Maryland
- Correspondence to: Joseph R. Lakowicz, University
of Maryland, School of Medicine, Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy,
Department, of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 725 West Lombard, Street,
Baltimore, MD 21201.
| | - Enrico Bertoli
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ancona, Ancona,
Italy
| | - Fabio Tanfani
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ancona, Ancona,
Italy
| | - Mose’ Rossi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology, C.N.R.
Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manco
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology, C.N.R.
Naples, Italy
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D'Auria S, Nucci R, Rossi M, Gryczynski I, Gryczynski Z, Lakowicz JR. The beta-glycosidase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus: enzyme activity and conformational dynamics at temperatures above 100 degrees C. Biophys Chem 1999; 81:23-31. [PMID: 10520250 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4622(99)00086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes from thermophilic organisms are stable and active at temperatures which rapidly denature mesophilic proteins. However, there is not yet a complete understanding of the structural basis of their thermostability and thermoactivity since for each protein there seems to exist special networks of interactions that make it stable under the desired conditions. Here we have investigated the activity and conformational dynamics above 100 degrees C of the beta-glycosidase isolated from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. This has been made possible using a special stainless steel optical pressure cell which allowed us to perform enzyme assays and fluorescence measurements up to 160 degrees C without boiling the sample. The beta-glycosidase from S. solfataricus showed maximal activity at 125 degrees C. The time-resolved fluorescence studies showed that the intrinsic tryptophanyl fluorescence emission of the protein was represented by a bimodal distribution with Lorential shape and that temperature strongly affected the protein conformational dynamics. Remarkably, the tryptophan emission reveals that the indolic residues remain shielded from the solvent even at 125 degrees C, as shown by shielding from quenching and restricted tryptophan solubility. The relationship between enzyme activity and protein structural dynamics is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D'Auria
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology, C.N.R., Napoli, Italy
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Szubiakowski J, Balter A, Nowak W, Kowalczyk A, Wiśniewski K, Wierzbowska M. Anisotropic reorientation of perylene and 3,9-dibromoperylene in glycerol: fluorescence anisotropy decay and quantum-mechanical study. Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(96)00104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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6
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Kawski A. Fluorescence Anisotropy: Theory and Applications of Rotational Depolarization. Crit Rev Anal Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/10408349308051654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Anisotropy spectra of indole and N-acetyl-L-tryptophanamide observed for two-photon excitation of fluorescence. Chem Phys Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(92)86052-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lakowicz JR, Gryczynski I, Gryczynski Z, Danielsen E, Wirth MJ. Time-Resolved Fluorescence Intensity and Anisotropy Decays of 2,5-Diphenyloxazole by Two-Photon Excitation and Frequency-Domain Fluorometry. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 1992; 96:3000-3006. [PMID: 31849371 PMCID: PMC6915060 DOI: 10.1021/j100186a042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the first time-resolved fluorescence measurements of the intensity and anisotropy decays resulting from two-photon excitation. A 10-GHz frequency-domain fluorometer (Rev. Sci. Instrum 1990, 61, 2331), equipped with two focal lenses and an emission monochromator, was used for steady-state and time-resolved measurements of PPO fluorescence. The emission spectra and the intensity decays observed with single- and two-photon excitation were essentially identical. The steady-state limiting anisotropy r 0 of PPO in glycerol at -5 °C measured for two-photon excitation is significantly higher than that observed for one-photon excitation. The r 0 value of 0.54 for two-photon excitation is well in excess of the theoretical maximum of 0.4 for single-photon excitation. A similar value of r 0 ≃ 0.50 was obtained from the frequency-domain anisotropy data with two-photon excitation of PPO in methanol, butanol, and propylene glycol at 20 °C. These higher values of r 0 indicate that two-photon excitation results in a more highly oriented photoselected population, which can increase the resolution of rotational correlation times and/or complex anisotropy decays. The anisotropy resolution can still be increased by using global analysis of anisotropy decays measured with single- and two-photon excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Lakowicz
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 West Redwood St., Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - I Gryczynski
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 West Redwood St., Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Z Gryczynski
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 West Redwood St., Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - E Danielsen
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 West Redwood St., Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - M J Wirth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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Lakowicz JR, Gryczynski I, Danielsen E. Anomalous differential polarized phase angles for two-photon excitation with isotropic depolarizing rotations. Chem Phys Lett 1992; 191:47-53. [PMID: 33867559 PMCID: PMC8049530 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(92)85366-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe frequency-domain measurements of the anisotropy decay of 1,6-diphenylhexatriene resulting from one- and two-photon excitation. For two-photon excitation, the phase shifts (Δ) between the horizontally and vertically polarized components of the decay exceed the absolute maximum of 30° possible for one-photon excitation, and values of Δ as large as 37° were observed for 1,6-diphenylhexatriene in triacetin. These results are explained by the increased orientation of the photoselected population for two- as compared to one-photon excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Lakowicz
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biological Chemistry, 660 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ignacy Gryczynski
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biological Chemistry, 660 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Eva Danielsen
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biological Chemistry, 660 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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