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Sabei A, Caldas Baia TG, Saffar R, Martin J, Frezza E. Internal Normal Mode Analysis Applied to RNA Flexibility and Conformational Changes. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:2554-2572. [PMID: 36972178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the capability of internal normal modes to reproduce RNA flexibility and predict observed RNA conformational changes and, notably, those induced by the formation of RNA-protein and RNA-ligand complexes. Here, we extended our iNMA approach developed for proteins to study RNA molecules using a simplified representation of the RNA structure and its potential energy. Three data sets were also created to investigate different aspects. Despite all the approximations, our study shows that iNMA is a suitable method to take into account RNA flexibility and describe its conformational changes opening the route to its applicability in any integrative approach where these properties are crucial.
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2
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Lee BH, Park SW, Jo S, Kim MK. Protein conformational transitions explored by a morphing approach based on normal mode analysis in internal coordinates. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258818. [PMID: 34735476 PMCID: PMC8568156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale conformational changes are essential for proteins to function properly. Given that these transition events rarely occur, however, it is challenging to comprehend their underlying mechanisms through experimental and theoretical approaches. In this study, we propose a new computational methodology called internal coordinate normal mode-guided elastic network interpolation (ICONGENI) to predict conformational transition pathways in proteins. Its basic approach is to sample intermediate conformations by interpolating the interatomic distance between two end-point conformations with the degrees of freedom constrained by the low-frequency dynamics afforded by normal mode analysis in internal coordinates. For validation of ICONGENI, it is applied to proteins that undergo open-closed transitions, and the simulation results (i.e., simulated transition pathways) are compared with those of another technique, to demonstrate that ICONGENI can explore highly reliable pathways in terms of thermal and chemical stability. Furthermore, we generate an ensemble of transition pathways through ICONGENI and investigate the possibility of using this method to reveal the transition mechanisms even when there are unknown metastable states on rough energy landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Ho Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Soon Woo Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Soojin Jo
- Department of Physics and Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Moon Ki Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Cirauqui Diaz N, Frezza E, Martin J. Using normal mode analysis on protein structural models. How far can we go on our predictions? Proteins 2020; 89:531-543. [PMID: 33349977 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Normal mode analysis (NMA) is a fast and inexpensive approach that is largely used to gain insight into functional protein motions, and more recently to create conformations for further computational studies. However, when the protein structure is unknown, the use of computational models is necessary. Here, we analyze the capacity of NMA in internal coordinate space to predict protein motion, its intrinsic flexibility, and atomic displacements, using protein models instead of native structures, and the possibility to use it for model refinement. Our results show that NMA is quite insensitive to modeling errors, but that calculations are strictly reliable only for very accurate models. Our study also suggests that internal NMA is a more suitable tool for the improvement of structural models, and for integrating them with experimental data or in other computational techniques, such as protein docking or more refined molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Cirauqui Diaz
- CNRS, UMR 5086 Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Elisa Frezza
- CiTCoM, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Martin
- CNRS, UMR 5086 Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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4
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Frezza E, Lavery R. Internal Coordinate Normal Mode Analysis: A Strategy To Predict Protein Conformational Transitions. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:1294-1301. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b11913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Frezza
- MMSB, UMR 5086 CNRS/Univ. Lyon I, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, 7 passage du Vercors, Lyon 69367, France
| | - Richard Lavery
- MMSB, UMR 5086 CNRS/Univ. Lyon I, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, 7 passage du Vercors, Lyon 69367, France
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5
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Yanao T, Hino T. Geometric somersaults of a polymer chain through cyclic twisting motions. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:012409. [PMID: 28208442 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.012409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the significance of geometric angle shifts, which we call geometric somersaults, arising from cyclic twisting motions of a polymer chain. A five-bead polymer chain serves as a concise and minimal model of a molecular shaft throughout this study. We first show that this polymer chain can change its orientation about its longitudinal axis largely, e.g., 120^{∘}, under conditions of zero total angular momentum by changing the two dihedral angles in a cyclic manner. This phenomenon is an example of the so-called "falling cat" phenomenon, where a falling cat undergoes a geometric somersault by changing its body shape under conditions of zero total angular momentum. We then extend the geometric somersault of the polymer chain to a noisy and viscous environment, where the polymer chain is steered by external driving forces. This extension shows that the polymer chain can achieve an orientation change keeping its total angular momentum and total external torque fluctuating around zero in a noisy and viscous environment. As an application, we argue that the geometric somersault of the polymer chain by 120^{∘} may serve as a prototypical and coarse-grained model for the rotary motion of the central shaft of ATP synthase (F_{O}F_{1}-ATPase). This geometric somersault is in clear contrast to the standard picture for the rotary motion of the central shaft as a rigid body, which generally incurs nonzero total angular momentum and nonzero total external torque. The power profile of the geometric somersault implies a preliminary mechanism for elastic power transmission. The results of this study may be of fundamental interest in twisting and rotary motions of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yanao
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Taiko Hino
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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6
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Frezza E, Lavery R. Internal Normal Mode Analysis (iNMA) Applied to Protein Conformational Flexibility. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:5503-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Frezza
- BMSSI, UMR 5086 CNRS/Univ.
Lyon I, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, 7 passage du Vercors, Lyon 69367, France
| | - Richard Lavery
- BMSSI, UMR 5086 CNRS/Univ.
Lyon I, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, 7 passage du Vercors, Lyon 69367, France
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7
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Fenwick RB, Orellana L, Esteban-Martín S, Orozco M, Salvatella X. Correlated motions are a fundamental property of β-sheets. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4070. [PMID: 24915882 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Correlated motions in proteins can mediate fundamental biochemical processes such as signal transduction and allostery. The mechanisms that underlie these processes remain largely unknown due mainly to limitations in their direct detection. Here, based on a detailed analysis of protein structures deposited in the protein data bank, as well as on state-of-the art molecular simulations, we provide general evidence for the transfer of structural information by correlated backbone motions, mediated by hydrogen bonds, across β-sheets. We also show that the observed local and long-range correlated motions are mediated by the collective motions of β-sheets and investigate their role in large-scale conformational changes. Correlated motions represent a fundamental property of β-sheets that contributes to protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bryn Fenwick
- 1] Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Programme in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain [2]
| | - Laura Orellana
- 1] Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Programme in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain [2]
| | - Santi Esteban-Martín
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Programme in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Modesto Orozco
- 1] Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Programme in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain [2] Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Salvatella
- 1] Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Programme in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain [2] Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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Lopéz-Blanco JR, Garzón JI, Chacón P. iMod: multipurpose normal mode analysis in internal coordinates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 27:2843-50. [PMID: 21873636 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
MOTIVATION Dynamic simulations of systems with biologically relevant sizes and time scales are critical for understanding macromolecular functioning. Coarse-grained representations combined with normal mode analysis (NMA) have been established as an alternative to atomistic simulations. The versatility and efficiency of current approaches normally based on Cartesian coordinates can be greatly enhanced with internal coordinates (IC). RESULTS Here, we present a new versatile tool chest to explore conformational flexibility of both protein and nucleic acid structures using NMA in IC. Consideration of dihedral angles as variables reduces the computational cost and non-physical distortions of classical Cartesian NMA methods. Our proposed framework operates at different coarse-grained levels and offers an efficient framework to conduct NMA-based conformational studies, including standard vibrational analysis, Monte-Carlo simulations or pathway exploration. Examples of these approaches are shown to demonstrate its applicability, robustness and efficiency. CONTACT pablo@chaconlab.org SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ramón Lopéz-Blanco
- Department of Biological Chemical Physics, Rocasolano Physical Chemistry Institute, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid 28006, Spain
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9
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Hayward S, Kitao A. The effect of end constraints on protein loop kinematics. Biophys J 2010; 98:1976-85. [PMID: 20441762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the prevalent involvement of loops in function little is known about how the constraining of end groups influences their kinematics. Using a linear inverse-kinematics approach and assuming fixed bond lengths, bond angles, and peptide bond torsions, as well as ignoring molecular interactions to assess the effect of the end-constraint only, it is shown that the constraint creates a closed surface in torsion angle space. For pentapeptides, the constraint gives rise to inaccessible regions in a Ramachandran plot. This complex and tightly curved surface produces interesting effects that may play a functional role. For example, a small change in one torsion angle can radically change the behavior of the whole loop. The constraint also produces long-range correlations, and structures exist where the correlation coefficient is 1.0 or -1.0 between rotations about bonds separated by >30 A. Another application allows some torsion angles to be targeted to specified values while others are constrained. When this application was used on key torsions in lactate dehydrogenase, it was found that the functional loop first folds forward and then moves sideways. For horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, it was confirmed that the functional loop's Pro-Pro motif creates a rigid arm in an NAD-activated switch for domain closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Hayward
- D'Arcy Thompson Centre for Computational Biology, School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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10
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Omori S, Fuchigami S, Ikeguchi M, Kidera A. Latent dynamics of a protein molecule observed in dihedral angle space. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:115103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3360144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Abstract
Normal mode analysis and essential dynamics analysis are powerful methods used for the analysis of collective motions in biomolecules. Their application has led to an appreciation of the importance of protein dynamics in function and the relationship between structure and dynamical behavior. In this chapter, the methods and their implementation are introduced and recent developments such as elastic networks and advanced sampling techniques are described.
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Miloshevsky GV, Jordan PC. The open state gating mechanism of gramicidin a requires relative opposed monomer rotation and simultaneous lateral displacement. Structure 2006; 14:1241-9. [PMID: 16905098 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2006.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Revised: 06/01/2006] [Accepted: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The gating mechanism of the open state of the gramicidin A (gA) channel is studied by using a new Monte Carlo Normal Mode Following (MC-NMF) technique, one applicable even without a target structure. The results demonstrate that the lowest-frequency normal mode (NM) at approximately 6.5 cm(-1) is the crucial mode that initiates dissociation. Perturbing the gA dimer in either direction along this NM leads to opposed, nearly rigid-body rotations of the gA monomers around the central pore axis. Tracking this NM by using the eigenvector-following technique reveals the channel's gating mechanism: dissociation via relative opposed monomer rotation and simultaneous lateral displacement. System evolution along the lowest-frequency eigenvector shows that the large-amplitude motions required for gating (dissociation) are not simple relative rigid-body motions of the monomers. Gating involves coupling intermonomer hydrogen bond breaking, backbone realignment, and relative monomer tilt with complex side chain reorganization at the intermonomer junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady V Miloshevsky
- Department of Chemistry, MS-015 Brandeis University, P O Box 549110, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
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13
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Abstract
Computational studies of large macromolecular assemblages have come a long way during the past 10 years. With the explosion of computer power and parallel computing, timescales of molecular dynamics simulations have been extended far beyond the hundreds of picoseconds timescale. However, limitations remain for studies of large-scale conformational changes occurring on timescales beyond nanoseconds, especially for large macromolecules. In this review, we describe recent methods based on normal mode analysis that have enabled us to study dynamics on the microsecond timescale for large macromolecules using different levels of coarse graining, from atomically detailed models to those employing only low-resolution structural information. Emerging from such studies is a control principle for robustness in Nature's machines. We discuss this idea in the context of large-scale functional reorganization of the ribosome, virus particles, and the muscle protein myosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Tama
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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14
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Teramoto H, Takatsuka K. Dynamical and statistical effects of the intrinsic curvature of internal space of molecules. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:074101. [PMID: 15743215 DOI: 10.1063/1.1850467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hamilton dynamics of a molecule in a translationally and/or rotationally symmetric field is kept rigorously constrained in its phase space. The relevant dynamical laws should therefore be extracted from these constrained motions. An internal space that is induced by a projection of such a limited phase space onto configuration space is an intrinsically curved space even for a system of zero total angular momentum. In this paper we discuss the general effects of this curvedness on dynamics and structures of molecules in such a manner that is invariant with respect to the selection of coordinates. It is shown that the regular coordinate originally defined by Riemann is particularly useful to expose the curvature correction to the dynamics and statistical properties of molecules. These effects are significant both qualitatively and quantitatively and are studied in two aspects. One is the direct effect on dynamics: A trajectory receives a Lorentz-like force from the curved space as though it was placed in a magnetic field. The well-known problem of the trapping phenomenon at the transition state is analyzed from this point of view. By showing that the trapping force is explicitly described in terms of the curvature of the internal space, we clarify that the physical origin of the trapped motion is indeed originated from the curvature of the internal space and hence is not dependent of the selection of coordinate system. The other aspect is the effect of phase space volume arising from the curvedness: We formulate a general expression of the curvature correction of the classical density of states and extract its physical significance in the molecular geometry along with reaction rate in terms of the scalar curvature and volume loss (gain) due to the curvature. The transition state theory is reformulated from this point of view and it is applied to the structural transition of linear chain molecules in the so-called dihedral angle model. It is shown that the curvature effect becomes large roughly linearly with the size of molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Teramoto
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Science, University of Tokyo, Komaba, 153-8902 Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Zhang Z, Shi Y, Liu H. Molecular dynamics simulations of peptides and proteins with amplified collective motions. Biophys J 2003; 84:3583-93. [PMID: 12770868 PMCID: PMC1302944 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(03)75090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a novel method that uses the collective modes obtained with a coarse-grained model/anisotropic network model to guide the atomic-level simulations. Based on this model, local collective modes can be calculated according to a single configuration in the conformational space of the protein. In the molecular dynamics simulations, the motions along the slowest few modes are coupled to a higher temperature by the weak coupling method to amplify the collective motions. This amplified-collective-motion (ACM) method is applied to two test systems. One is an S-peptide analog. We realized the refolding of the denatured peptide in eight simulations out of 10 using the method. The other system is bacteriophage T4 lysozyme. Much more extensive domain motions between the N-terminal and C-terminal domain of T4 lysozyme are observed in the ACM simulation compared to a conventional simulation. The ACM method allows for extensive sampling in conformational space while still restricting the sampled configurations within low energy areas. The method can be applied in both explicit and implicit solvent simulations, and may be further applied to important biological problems, such as long timescale functional motions, protein folding/unfolding, and structure prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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16
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Ota N, Agard DA. Enzyme specificity under dynamic control II: Principal component analysis of alpha-lytic protease using global and local solvent boundary conditions. Protein Sci 2001; 10:1403-14. [PMID: 11420442 PMCID: PMC2374101 DOI: 10.1110/ps.800101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2001] [Revised: 04/10/2001] [Accepted: 04/16/2001] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The contributions of conformational dynamics to substrate specificity have been examined by the application of principal component analysis to molecular dynamics trajectories of alpha-lytic protease. The wild-type alpha-lytic protease is highly specific for substrates with small hydrophobic side chains at the specificity pocket, while the Met190-->Ala binding pocket mutant has a much broader specificity, actively hydrolyzing substrates ranging from Ala to Phe. Based on a combination of multiconformation analysis of cryo-X-ray crystallographic data, solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and normal mode calculations, we had hypothesized that the large alteration in specificity of the mutant enzyme is mainly attributable to changes in the dynamic movement of the two walls of the specificity pocket. To test this hypothesis, we performed a principal component analysis using 1-nanosecond molecular dynamics simulations using either a global or local solvent boundary condition. The results of this analysis strongly support our hypothesis and verify the results previously obtained by in vacuo normal mode analysis. We found that the walls of the wild-type substrate binding pocket move in tandem with one another, causing the pocket size to remain fixed so that only small substrates are recognized. In contrast, the M190A mutant shows uncoupled movement of the binding pocket walls, allowing the pocket to sample both smaller and larger sizes, which appears to be the cause of the observed broad specificity. The results suggest that the protein dynamics of alpha-lytic protease may play a significant role in defining the patterns of substrate specificity. As shown here, concerted local movements within proteins can be efficiently analyzed through a combination of principal component analysis and molecular dynamics trajectories using a local solvent boundary condition to reduce computational time and matrix size.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ota
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0448, USA
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17
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Abstract
Currently, collective coordinates are commonly employed in order to examine protein dynamics. In recent studies, they have been successfully applied to finding functionally relevant motions, to investigating the physical nature of protein dynamics, to sampling of the conformational space and to the analysis of experimental data. Collective coordinates also have other possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kitao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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18
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Abstract
We have investigated energy landscape of human lysozyme in its native state by using principal component analysis and a model, jumping-among-minima (JAM) model. These analyses are applied to 1 nsec molecular dynamics trajectory of the protein in water. An assumption embodied in the JAM model allows us to divide protein motions into intra-substate and inter-substate motions. By examining intra-substate motions, it is shown that energy surfaces of individual conformational substates are nearly harmonic and mutually similar. As a result of principal component analysis and JAM model analysis, protein motions are shown to consist of three types of collective modes, multiply hierarchical modes, singly hierarchical modes, and harmonic modes. Multiply hierarchical modes, the number of which accounts only for 0.5% of all modes, dominate contributions to total mean-square atomic fluctuation. Inter-substate motions are observed only in a small-dimensional subspace spanned by the axes of multiplyhierarchical and singly hierarchical modes. Inter-substate motions have two notable time components: faster component seen within 200 psec and slower component. The former involves transitions among the conformational substates of the low-level hierarchy, whereas the latter involves transitions of the higher level substates observed along the first four multiply hierarchical modes. We also discuss dependence of the subspace, which contains conformational substates, on time duration of simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kitao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
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22
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Van Aalten DMF, De Groot BL, Findlay JBC, Berendsen HJC, Amadei A. A comparison of techniques for calculating protein essential dynamics. J Comput Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-987x(19970130)18:2%3c169::aid-jcc3%3e3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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23
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Van Aalten DMF, De Groot BL, Findlay JBC, Berendsen HJC, Amadei A. A comparison of techniques for calculating protein essential dynamics. J Comput Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-987x(19970130)18:2<169::aid-jcc3>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Sunada S, Go N. Calculation of nuclear magnetic resonance order parameters in proteins by normal mode analysis. II. Contribution from localized high frequency motions. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.472500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Sunada S, Go N, Koehl P. Calculation of nuclear magnetic resonance order parameters in proteins by normal mode analysis. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.471170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Eisenhaber F, Persson B, Argos P. Protein structure prediction: recognition of primary, secondary, and tertiary structural features from amino acid sequence. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 1995; 30:1-94. [PMID: 7587278 DOI: 10.3109/10409239509085139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This review attempts a critical stock-taking of the current state of the science aimed at predicting structural features of proteins from their amino acid sequences. At the primary structure level, methods are considered for detection of remotely related sequences and for recognizing amino acid patterns to predict posttranslational modifications and binding sites. The techniques involving secondary structural features include prediction of secondary structure, membrane-spanning regions, and secondary structural class. At the tertiary structural level, methods for threading a sequence into a mainchain fold, homology modeling and assigning sequences to protein families with similar folds are discussed. A literature analysis suggests that, to date, threading techniques are not able to show their superiority over sequence pattern recognition methods. Recent progress in the state of ab initio structure calculation is reviewed in detail. The analysis shows that many structural features can be predicted from the amino acid sequence much better than just a few years ago and with attendant utility in experimental research. Best prediction can be achieved for new protein sequences that can be assigned to well-studied protein families. For single sequences without homologues, the folding problem has not yet been solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Eisenhaber
- Institut für Biochemie der Charité, Medizinische Fakultät, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Fed. Rep. Germany
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