Isolation of the major low molecular weight gliadins from wheat

Two-dimensional electrophoresis as a tool for structural and genetic studies of seed proteins from Poaceae and Fagaceae

The application of two-dimensional electrophoretic procedures to structural and genetic studies of seed proteins from Poaceae (including the cultivated cereals) and Fagaceae is described. The following related problems have been considered: covalent and non-covalent association of protein subunits in multiple oligomeric structures; chromosomal locations of genes encoding seed proteins; quantitation of gene products in relation to gene expression and regulation; purification of protein components to study their homology relationships and in vitro activities; evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships; identification of genetic stocks. Isoelectric focusing, pore-gradient electrophoresis, electrophoresis at different pH's, are among the separation procedures used in the first dimension, whereas sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and starch-gel electrophoresis at acid pH have been the preferred second-dimensional methods. Dissociating conditions (sodium dodecyl sulfate, Nonidet P-40, or urea) and reducing conditions (2-mercaptoethanol) have been used when required.

Chromosomal assignment of genes coding for the wheat gliadin protein components of the cultivars 'Cheyenne' and 'Chinese Spring' by two-dimensional (two-pH) electrophoresis

The gliadin proteins of the hexaploid bread wheat cultivar 'Cheyenne' (Triticum aestivum L. var. aestivum), which has good mixing and baking characteristics, were analyzed by 2-dimensional (2-pH) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (pH 3.2 in the 1st dimension, pH 9.2 in the 2nd). Genes for most of the 35 resolved components were assigned to the chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 6 through the use of various aneuploids and substitution lines. A similar analysis was carried out for the cultivar 'Chinese Spring', which does not have good quality, and which had been analyzed by a different 2-dimensional procedure by Wrigley and Shepherd (Ann NY Acad Sci 209:154, 1973). A coordinate system was devised for description of the components in the 2-dimensional patterns.