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Zhu W, He Y, Ruan Z, Zhang X, Liao L, Gao Y, Lin N, Chen X, Liang R, Liu WS. Identification of the cDNA Encoding the Growth Hormone Receptor ( GHR) and the Regulation of GHR and IGF-I Gene Expression by Nutritional Status in Reeves' Turtle ( Chinemys reevesii). Front Genet 2020; 11:587. [PMID: 32582298 PMCID: PMC7296147 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinemys reevesii (Reeves’ turtle) is a slow-growing reptile that is distributed widely across China. Prior to this study, the cDNA sequence of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) in the Reeve’s turtle, or how periods of starvation might influence the gene expression of GHR and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in this species, were unknown. Here, we identified the full-length sequence of the cDNA encoding GHR in Reeves’ turtle by using RT-PCR and RACE. The full-length GHR cDNA was identified to be 3936 base-pairs in length, with a 1848 base-pair open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a 615 amino acid protein. Analysis showed that GHR mRNA was detectable in a wide range of tissues; the highest and lowest levels of expression were detected in the liver and the gonad, respectively. IGF-I was also expressed in a range of tissues, but not in the gonad; the highest levels of IGF-I expression were detected in the liver. After 4 weeks of fasting, the expression levels of GHR and IGF-I in the liver had decreased significantly; however, these gradually returned to normal after refeeding. We report the first cloned cDNA sequence for the GHR gene in the Reeve’s turtle. Our findings provide a foundation from which to investigate the specific function of the GHR in Reeve’s turtle, and serve as a reference for studying the effects of different nutrient levels on GHR expression in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhui He
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuohao Ruan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangyuan Liao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yicong Gao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nani Lin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiancan Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Liang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Research Centre of Aquatic Immunization and Aquaculture Health Techniques, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Warren DE, Jackson DC. Effects of temperature on anoxic submergence: skeletal buffering, lactate distribution, and glycogen utilization in the turtle, Trachemys scripta. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293:R458-67. [PMID: 17395788 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00174.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that submergence temperature affects the distribution of the lactate load and glycogen utilization during anoxia in turtles, we sampled a variety of tissues after 7 days, 24 h, and 4 h of anoxic submergence at 5, 15, and 25°C, respectively. These anoxic durations were chosen because we found that they produced similar decreases in plasma HCO3− (∼18–22 meq/l). The sampled tissues included ventricle, liver, small intestine, carapace, and the following muscles: flexor digitorum longus, retrahens capitis, iliofibularis, and pectoralis. Shell and skeleton sequestered 41.9, 34.1, and 26.1% of the estimated lactate load at 5, 15, and 25°C. The changes in plasma Ca2+ and Mg2+, relative to the estimated lactate load, decreased with increased temperature, indicating greater buffer release from bone at colder temperatures. Tissue lactate contents, relative to plasma lactate, increased with the temperature of the submergence. Glucose mobilization and tissue glycogen utilization were more pronounced at 15 and 25°C than at 5°C. We conclude that, in slider turtles, the ability of the mineralized tissue to participate in the buffering of lactic acid during anoxia is inversely related to temperature, causing the lactate burden to shift to the tissues at warmer temperatures. Muscles utilize glycogen during anoxia more at warmer temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Warren
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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