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Ullah R, Ali G, Subhan F, Naveed M, Khan A, Khan J, Halim SA, Ahmad N, Zakiullah, Al-Harrasi A. Attenuation of nociceptive and paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain by targeting inflammatory, CGRP and substance P signaling using 3-Hydroxyflavone. Neurochem Int 2021; 144:104981. [PMID: 33549629 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is an anti-microtubule agent, most widely used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of malignant solid tumors. However, it is associated with some severe side effects including painful neurotoxicity with reporting of neuropathic pain and sensory abnormalities by patients during and after paclitaxel therapy. Peripheral neuropathy was induced by the administration of paclitaxel (4 mg/kg on days 1, 3, 5, and 7). In this study, the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory propensity of 3-Hydroxyflavone (3HF) in mice and the preventive effect of 3HF against paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were investigated. Moreover, tactile and cold allodynia, thermal and tail immersion hyperalgesia, and effects on motor-coordination were also evaluated. Furthermore, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines i.e. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and Substance P from the spinal cord was examined through RT-PCR. Additionally, a computational structural biology approach was applied to search the potential therapeutic targets and to predict the binding mechanism of 3HF. Treatment of 3HF alleviated the nociceptive pain, paw edema, development of tactile and cold allodynia, and hyperalgesia. Similarly, treatment with 3HF suppressed the paclitaxel-induced increase in mRNA expression of several inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), CGRP, and Substance P. However, the daily treatment of 3HF did not affect the motor behaviors of rats. The inhibitory mechanism of 3HF in neuropathic pain is predicted with extensive computational bioinformatics approach which indicates that the 3HF effectively interacts with the binding domains of Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), CGRP receptor and the receptor of Substance P to exert its inhibitory activities. However, the computationally predicted binding affinities revealed that the potential of binding of the compound with Substance P receptor (Neurokinin 1 receptor) is higher than the other receptors; there NK1R could be the most possible binding target of 3HF. These findings indicate that 3HF has anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-neuropathic pain effects against paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal Subhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Cecos University of Science and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Jawad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Pakistan, Pasrur Road, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Zakiullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Oman.
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Campos-Sánchez JC, Esteban MÁ. Review of inflammation in fish and value of the zebrafish model. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:123-139. [PMID: 33236349 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a crucial step in the development of chronic diseases in humans. Understanding the inflammation environment and its intrinsic mechanisms when it is produced by harmful stimuli may be a key element in the development of human disease diagnosis. In recent decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been widely used in research, due to their exceptional characteristics, as a model of various human diseases. Interestingly, the mediators released during the inflammatory response of both the immune system and nervous system, after its integration in the hypothalamus, could also facilitate the detection of injury through the register of behavioural changes in the fish. Although there are many studies that give well-defined information separately on such elements as the recruitment of cells, the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators or the type of neurotransmitters released against different triggers, to the best of our knowledge there are no reviews that put all this knowledge together. In the present review, the main available information on inflammation in zebrafish is presented in order to facilitate knowledge about this important process of innate immunity, as well as the stress responses and behavioural changes derived from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Campos-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Patil KR, Mahajan UB, Unger BS, Goyal SN, Belemkar S, Surana SJ, Ojha S, Patil CR. Animal Models of Inflammation for Screening of Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Implications for the Discovery and Development of Phytopharmaceuticals. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4367. [PMID: 31491986 PMCID: PMC6770891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the common events in the majority of acute as well as chronic debilitating diseases and represent a chief cause of morbidity in today's era of modern lifestyle. If unchecked, inflammation leads to development of rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and atherosclerosis along with pulmonary, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases. Inflammation involves a complex network of many mediators, a variety of cells, and execution of multiple pathways. Current therapy for inflammatory diseases is limited to the steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. The chronic use of these drugs is reported to cause severe adverse effects like gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and renal abnormalities. There is a massive need to explore new anti-inflammatory agents with selective action and lesser toxicity. Plants and isolated phytoconstituents are promising and interesting sources of new anti-inflammatories. However, drug development from natural sources has been linked with hurdles like the complex nature of extracts, difficulties in isolation of pure phytoconstituents, and the yield of isolated compounds in minute quantities that is insufficient for subsequent lead development. Although various in-vivo and in-vitro models for anti-inflammatory drug development are available, judicious selection of appropriate animal models is a vital step in the early phase of drug development. Systematic evaluation of phytoconstituents can facilitate the identification and development of potential anti-inflammatory leads from natural sources. The present review describes various techniques of anti-inflammatory drug screening with its advantages and limitations, elaboration on biological targets of phytoconstituents in inflammation and biomarkers for the prediction of adverse effects of anti-inflammatory drugs. The systematic approach proposed through present article for anti-inflammatory drug screening can rationalize the identification of novel phytoconstituents at the initial stage of drug screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpesh R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Dist- Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Umesh B Mahajan
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Dist- Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Banappa S Unger
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- SVKM's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sateesh Belemkar
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, MPTP, Shirpur 425405, Dist- Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay J Surana
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Dist- Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, PO Box 17666, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Chandragouda R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Dist- Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
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Hisamuddin N, Shaik Mossadeq WM, Sulaiman MR, Abas F, Leong SW, Kamarudin N, Ong HM, Ahmad Azmi AF, Ayumi RR, Talib M. Anti-Edematogenic and Anti-Granuloma Activity of a Synthetic Curcuminoid Analog, 5-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one, in Mouse Models of Inflammation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142614. [PMID: 31323775 PMCID: PMC6680833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, derived from the rhizome Curcuma longa, has been scientifically proven to possess anti-inflammatory activity but is of limited clinical and veterinary use owing to its low bioavailability and poor solubility. Hence, analogs of curcuminoids with improved biological properties have been synthesized to overcome these limitations. This study aims to provide the pharmacological basis for the use of 5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one (DHHPD), a synthetic curcuminoid analog, as an anti-edematogenic and anti-granuloma agent. The carrageenan-induced paw edema and the cotton pellet-induced granuloma assays were used to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of DHHPD in mice. The effects of DHHPD on the histaminergic, serotonergic, and bradykininergic systems were determined by the histamine-, serotonin-, and bradykinin-induced paw edema tests, respectively. DHHPD (0.1, 0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) evoked significant reductions (p < 0.05) in carrageenan-induced paw edema at different time intervals and granuloma formation (p < 0.0001) by 22.08, 32.57, 37.20, and 49.25%, respectively. Furthermore, DHHPD significantly reduced paw edema (p < 0.05) induced by histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin. The present study suggests that DHHPD exerts anti-edematogenic activity, possibly by inhibiting the synthesis or release of autacoid mediators of inflammation through the histaminergic, serotonergic, and bradykininergic systems. The anti-granuloma effect may be attributed to the suppression of transudative, exudative, and proliferative activities associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hisamuddin
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Mastura Shaik Mossadeq
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Roslan Sulaiman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sze Wei Leong
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nadhirah Kamarudin
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hui Ming Ong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Farhan Ahmad Azmi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rasyidah Ryta Ayumi
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Madihah Talib
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Sato A, Ebina K. A biotinylated peptide, BP21, as a novel potent anti-anaphylactic agent targeting platelet-activating factor. J Pept Sci 2017. [PMID: 28627122 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is an important mediator of anaphylaxis and is therefore an anti-anaphylactic drug target. We recently reported that synthetic N-terminally biotinylated peptides (BP4-BP29) inhibit PAF by directly interacting with PAF and its metabolite/precursor lyso-PAF. In this study, we investigated whether the biotinylated peptides can inhibit anaphylactic reactions in vivo. In mouse models of anaphylaxis, one of the peptides, BP21, markedly and dose-dependently inhibited hypothermia with a maximum dose-response within 30 min after administration, even at doses 20 times lesser than doses of the known PAF antagonist CV-3988. In contrast, the anti-hypothermic effect of BGP21, in which the Tyr-Lys-Asp-Gly sequence in BP21 was modified to a Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly sequence, was less than that of BP21. The alanine scanning and shuffling the amino acid residues of BP4 (Tyr-Lys-Asp-Gly) demonstrated that the Tyr-Lys-Asp-Gly consensus sequence is important for the inhibitory effect of the peptide on hypothermia. BP21 also suppressed vascular permeability during anaphylaxis with a maximum dose-response within 30 min of administration. In a rat model of hind paw oedema, BP21 significantly inhibited the oedema induced by PAF but not that induced by the other pro-inflammatory mediators, such as histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin. Tryptophan fluorescence measurements showed that BP21 interacted with PAF, but not with histamine, serotonin, or bradykinin. In contrast, BGP21 did not interact with PAF. These results suggest that biotinylated peptides, especially BP21, can specifically and markedly inhibit anaphylactic reactions in vivo and that this involves direct interaction of its Tyr-Lys-Asp-Gly region with PAF. Therefore, a biotinylated peptide, BP21, can be used as novel potential anti-anaphylactic drugs targeting PAF. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima, 970-8551, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ebina
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai-Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima, 970-8551, Japan
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Ahmad N, Subhan F, Islam NU, Shahid M, Rahman FU, Fawad K. A Novel Pregabalin Functionalized Salicylaldehyde Derivative Afforded Prospective Pain, Inflammation, and Pyrexia Alleviating Propensities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Peshawar; Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Fazal Subhan
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Peshawar; Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Nazar Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy; Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology; Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Peshawar; Peshawar Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy; Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology; Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Faiz Ur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Khwaja Fawad
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Peshawar; Peshawar Pakistan
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7
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Marques THC, Marques MLBGCB, Medeiros JVR, Silva RO, dos Reis Barbosa AL, Lima TC, de Sousa DP, de Freitas RM. Cyane-carvone, a synthetic derivative of carvone, inhibits inflammatory response by reducing cytokine production and oxidative stress and shows antinociceptive effect in mice. Inflammation 2015; 37:966-77. [PMID: 24487978 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyane-carvone (CC) was studied to elucidate its anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant effects in Mus musculus. Anti-inflammatory (bradykinin, histamine, prostaglandin E2, serotonin, and carrageenan) and antinociceptive (acetic acid and formalin) models were utilized. Myeloperoxidase activity, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and glutathione (GSH) levels were evaluated. Analysis of variance followed by Student-Newman-Keuls' test was done. Results were compared with control groups (significantly when p < 0.05). In bradykinin, histamine, prostaglandin E2, and serotonin tests, 75 mg/kg CC decreased significantly paw edema (t = 30, 60, 90, and/or 120 min). In carrageenan test, 50 and 75 mg/kg CC (t = 3 h and t = 4 h) and 25 mg/kg CC (t = 4 h) decreased significantly paw edema. CC (75 mg/kg) inhibited significantly mieloperoxidase activity and decreased IL-1β and TNF-α, and all doses increased GSH levels. CC (75 mg/kg) decreased significantly the number of contortions of animals and time of licking (phase 2). CC showed anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant effects in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Henrique Costa Marques
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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C-reactive protein specifically enhances platelet-activating factor-induced inflammatory activity in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 745:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Suppressions of serotonin-induced increased vascular permeability and leukocyte infiltration by Bixa orellana leaf extract. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:463145. [PMID: 24224164 PMCID: PMC3808716 DOI: 10.1155/2013/463145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract of Bixa orellana (AEBO) leaves and its possible mechanisms in animal models. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was evaluated using serotonin-induced rat paw edema, increased peritoneal vascular permeability, and leukocyte infiltrations in an air-pouch model. Nitric oxide (NO), indicated by the sum of nitrites and nitrates, and vascular growth endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured in paw tissues of rats to determine their involvement in the regulation of increased permeability. Pretreatments with AEBO (50 and 150 mg kg⁻¹) prior to serotonin inductions resulted in maximum inhibitions of 56.2% of paw volume, 45.7% of Evans blue dye leakage in the peritoneal vascular permeability model, and 83.9% of leukocyte infiltration in the air-pouch model. 57.2% maximum inhibition of NO and 27% of VEGF formations in rats' paws were observed with AEBO at the dose of 150 mg kg⁻¹. Pharmacological screening of the extract showed significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity, indicated by the suppressions of increased vascular permeability and leukocyte infiltration. The inhibitions of these inflammatory events are probably mediated via inhibition of NO and VEGF formation and release.
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Nascimento EB, Seniuk JGT, Godin AM, Ferreira WC, Dutra MB, Oliveira ACP, Bastos LF, Fiebich BL, Coelho MM. Peripheral 5-HT1B and 5-HT2A receptors mediate the nociceptive response induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 99:598-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bryant HU, Nelson DL, Button D, Cole HW, Baez MB, Lucaites VL, Wainscott DB, Whitesitt C, Reel J, Simon R, Koppel GA. A novel class of 5-HT2A receptor antagonists: aryl aminoguanidines. Life Sci 1996; 59:1259-68. [PMID: 8845011 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(96)00449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Local delivery of serotonin (5-HT) produces a rapid edematous response in soft tissues via increased fluid extravasation which is prevented by 5-HT2 antagonists such as ketanserin or mianserin. Here we report the effects of a new class of aminoguanidine 5-HT2 antagonists, with relative selectivity for 5-HT2A receptors which are potent inhibitors of 5-HT-induced paw edema in the rat. Radioligand binding studies with 125I DOI on human 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors and with 3H-5-HT on human 5-HT2B receptors demonstrated that, LY314228, and LY320954 displayed some selectivity for the 5-HT2A receptor. When compared to binding at other 5-HT2 receptor subtypes, LY314228 had an 18.6-fold greater affinity for the 5-HT2A site over the 5-HT2B site, and 2.6 fold greater at the 5-HT2C site. LY320954 displayed similar preference for 5-HT2A sites. Both compounds also inhibited 5-HT-induced paw swelling in rats, with ED50's of 6.4 and 4.8 mg/kg (for LY314228 and LY320954, respectively). These studies offer evidence for a novel class of pharmacophores for the 5-HT2 receptor family which show greater relative affinities for the 5-HT2A receptor subclass.
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Affiliation(s)
- H U Bryant
- Division of Endocrine Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
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