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A new method in beam shaping: Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm method coupled with a Monte-Carlo based reactor physics code. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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2
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Liu HB, Patti FJ. Epithermal Neutron Beam Upgrade with a Fission Plate Converter at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt96-a35292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hungyuan B. Liu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory Medical Department, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Francis J. Patti
- Brookhaven National Laboratory Reactor Division, Upton, New York 11973
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3
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Kiger WS, Sakamoto S, Harling OK. Neutronic Design of a Fission Converter-Based Epithermal Neutron Beam for Neutron Capture Therapy. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse99-a2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. S. Kiger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory 138 Albany Street, Building NW13-252, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - S. Sakamoto
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory 138 Albany Street, Building NW13-252, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - O. K. Harling
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory 138 Albany Street, Building NW13-252, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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4
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Liu HB. Design of a Small-Animal Thermal Neutron Irradiation Facility at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt96-a15841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hungyuan B. Liu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory Medical Department, Upton, New York 11973
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5
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Liu HB. Design of Neutron Beams for Neutron Capture Therapy Using a 300-kW Slab TRIGA Reactor. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt95-a35080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hungyuan B. Liu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory Medical Department, Upton, New York 11973
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6
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Maučec M. Conceptual Design of a Clinical BNCT Beam in an Adjacent Dry Cell of the Jožef Stefan Institute TRIGA Reactor. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt00-a3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Maučec
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Reactor Physics Division Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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7
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Liu HB, Brugger RM. Conceptual Designs of Epithermal Neutron Beams for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy from Low-Power Reactors. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt94-a35026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hungyuan B. Liu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Medical Department Upton, New York 11973
| | - Robert M. Brugger
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Medical Department Upton, New York 11973
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8
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Ronen Y, Aboudy M, Regev D. Homogeneous242mAm-Fueled Reactor for Neutron Capture Therapy. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse01-a2215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Ronen
- Ben-Gurion University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - M. Aboudy
- Ben-Gurion University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - D. Regev
- Ben-Gurion University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
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9
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Hu JP, Holden N, Reciniello R. Dosimetry in Thermal Neutron Irradiation Facility at BMRR. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201610601002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Abstract
The fundamental principle of radiosurgery is the focusing of energy within a restricted target volume. In examining the history of radiosurgery, various strategies for addressing this issue of energy containment become apparent. This is the first in a series of articles that reviews the evolution of radiosurgery through the development of instruments for beam generation and delivery for improved conformal therapy.
In this first part of the series, we focus specifically on beam generation and the development of particle beams as the initial approach in radiosurgery for focused radiation treatment. We examine the physical characteristics and biological effects of particles and the unique advantage they confer for radiosurgery. We consider clinical studies and treatment of neurological diseases with particles and also assess boron neutron capture therapy as a strategy for selectively targeting neutron beams.
Later in this series, we explore methods of beam delivery with the development of stereotactic radiosurgery. Finally, we introduce new concepts and applications in radiosurgery such as nanotechnology, radiation enhancement, ultrasound, near infrared, and free electron lasers.
The elaboration of these efforts sets the stage for neurosurgeons to further explore new ideas, develop innovative technology, and advance the practice of radiosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hoh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
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11
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Burmeister J, Riley K, Coderre JA, Harling OK, Ma R, Wielopolski L, Kota C, Maughan RL. Microdosimetric intercomparison of BNCT beams at BNL and MIT. Med Phys 2003; 30:2131-9. [PMID: 12945978 DOI: 10.1118/1.1589612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Microdosimetric measurements have been performed at the clinical beam intensities in two epithermal neutron beams, the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor and the M67 beam at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research Reactor, which have been used to treat patients with Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). These measurements offer an independent assessment of the dosimetry used at these two facilities, as well as provide information about the radiation quality not obtainable from conventional macrodosimetric techniques. Moreover, they provide a direct measurement of the absorbed dose resulting from the BNC reaction. BNC absorbed doses measured within this study are approximately 15% lower than those estimated using foil activation at both MIT and BNL. Finally, an intercomparison of the characteristics and radiation quality of these two clinical beams is presented. The techniques described here allow an accurate quantitative comparison of the physical absorbed dose as well as a measure of the biological effectiveness of the absorbed dose delivered by different epithermal beams. No statistically significant differences were observed in the predicted RBEs of these two beams. The methodology presented here can help to facilitate the effective sharing of clinical results in an effort to demonstrate the clinical utility of BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Burmeister
- Gershenson Radiation Oncology Center, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Harper University Hospital, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
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12
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Diaz AZ. Assessment of the results from the phase I/II boron neutron capture therapy trials at the Brookhaven National Laboratory from a clinician's point of view. J Neurooncol 2003; 62:101-9. [PMID: 12749706 DOI: 10.1007/bf02699937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) represents a promising modality for a relatively selective radiation dose delivery to the tumor tissue. The key to effective BNCT of tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the homogeneous preferential accumulation of 10B in the tumor, including the infiltrating GBM cells, as compared to that in the vital structures of the normal brain. Provided that sufficiently high tumor 10B concentration (approximately 10(9) boron-10 atoms/cell) and an adequate thermal neutron fluence (approximately 10(9) neutrons/cm2) are achieved, it is the ratio of the 10B concentration in tumor cells to that in the normal brain cells and the blood that will largely determine the therapeutic gain of BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidnag Z Diaz
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Burmeister J, Kota C, Maughan RL, Waker AJ. Miniature tissue-equivalent proportional counters for BNCT and BNCEFNT dosimetry. Med Phys 2001; 28:1911-25. [PMID: 11585222 DOI: 10.1118/1.1398303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A dual miniature tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) system has been developed to facilitate microdosimetry for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). This system has been designed specifically to allow the analysis of the single event charged particle spectrum in phantom in high intensity BNCT beams and to provide this microdosimetric information with excellent spatial resolution. Paired A-150 and 10B-loaded A-150 TEPCs with 12.3 mm3 collecting volumes have been constructed. These TEPCs allow more accurate neutron dosimetry than current techniques, offer a direct measure of the boron neutron capture dose, and provide a framework for predicting the biological effectiveness of the absorbed dose. Design aspects and characterization of these detectors are reviewed, along with an exposition of the advantages of microdosimetry using these detectors over conventional dosimetry methods. In addition, the utility of this technique for boron neutron capture enhancement of fast neutron therapy (BNCEFNT) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Burmeister
- Gershenson Radiation Oncology Center, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Harper Hospital and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
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14
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Coderre JA, Gavin PR, Capala J, Ma R, Morris GM, Button TM, Aziz T, Peress NS. Tolerance of the normal canine brain to epithermal neutron irradiation in the presence of p-boronophenylalanine. J Neurooncol 2000; 48:27-40. [PMID: 11026694 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006419210584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Twelve normal dogs underwent brain irradiation in a mixed-radiation, mainly epithermal neutron field at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor following intravenous infusion of 950 mg of 10B-enriched BPA/kg as its fructose complex. The 5 x 10 cm irradiation aperture was centered over the left hemisphere. For a subgroup of dogs reported previously, we now present more detailed analyses including dose-volume relationships, longer follow-ups, MRIs, and histopathological observations. Peak doses (delivered to 1 cm3 of brain at the depth of maximum thermal neutron flux) ranged from 7.6 Gy (photon-equivalent dose: 11.8 Gy-Eq) to 11.6 Gy (17.5 Gy-Eq). The average dose to the brain ranged from 3.0 Gy (4.5 Gy-Eq) to 8.1 Gy (11.9 Gy-Eq) and to the left hemisphere, 6.6 Gy (10.1 Gy-Eq) to 10.0 Gy (15.0 Gy-Eq). Maximum tolerated 'threshold' doses were 6.7 Gy (9.8 Gy-Eq) to the whole brain and 8.2 Gy (12.3 Gy-Eq) to one hemisphere. The threshold peak brain dose was 9.5 Gy (14.3 Gy-Eq). At doses below threshold, some dogs developed subclinical MRI changes. Above threshold, all dogs developed dose-dependent MRI changes, neurological deficits, and focal brain necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Coderre
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) represents a promising modality for a relatively selective radiation dose delivery to the tumour tissue. Boron-10 nuclei capture slow 'thermal' neutrons preferentially and, upon capture, promptly undergo 10B(n,alpha)7Li reaction. The ionization tracks of energetic and heavy lithium and helium ions resulting from this reaction are only about one cell diameter in length (approximately 14 microm). Because of their high linear energy transfer (LET) these ions have a high relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for controlling tumour growth. The key to effective BNCT of tumours, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the preferential accumulation of boron-10 in the tumour, including the infiltrating GBM cells, as compared with that in the vital structures of the normal brain. Provided that a sufficiently high tumour boron-10 concentration (approximately 10(9) boron-10 atoms/cell) and an adequate thermal neutron fluence (approximately 10(12) neutrons/cm2) are achieved, it is the ratio of the boron-10 concentration in tumour cells to that in the normal brain cells that will largely determine the therapeutic gain of BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Diaz
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA.
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16
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Kaplan GI, Rosenfeld AB, Allen BJ, Coderre JA, Liu HB. Fission converter and metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor study of thermal neutron flux distribution in an epithermal neutron therapy beam. Med Phys 1999; 26:1989-94. [PMID: 10505889 DOI: 10.1118/1.598703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The depth distribution of the thermal neutron flux is a major factor in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) in determining the efficiency of cell sterilization. In this paper the fission detector method is developed and applied to measure the in-phantom thermal neutron flux depth distribution. Advantages of the fission detector include small size, direct measurement of thermal neutron flux in a mixed radiation field of BNCT beam, self-calibration, and the possibility of on-line measurement. The measurements were performed at epithermal a BNCT facility. The experimental results were compared with the thermal neutron flux calculated by the Monte Carlo method and found to be in good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Kaplan
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wollongong, Australia.
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17
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Seppälä T, Vähätalo J, Auterinen I, Kosunen A, Nigg D, Wheeler F, Savolainen S. Modelling of brain tissue substitutes for phantom materials in neutron capture therapy (NCT) dosimetry. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(98)00342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Wheeler FJ, Nigg DW, Capala J, Watkins PR, Vroegindeweij C, Auterinen I, Seppälä T, Bleuel D. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT): implications of neutron beam and boron compound characteristics. Med Phys 1999; 26:1237-44. [PMID: 10435523 DOI: 10.1118/1.598618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential efficacy of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for malignant glioma is a significant function of epithermal-neutron beam biophysical characteristics as well as boron compound biodistribution characteristics. Monte Carlo analyses were performed to evaluate the relative significance of these factors on theoretical tumor control using a standard model. The existing, well-characterized epithermal-neutron sources at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor (BMRR), the Petten High Flux Reactor (HFR), and the Finnish Research Reactor (FiR-1) were compared. Results for a realistic accelerator design by the E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBL) are also compared. Also the characteristics of the compound p-Boronophenylaline Fructose (BPA-F) and a hypothetical next-generation compound were used in a comparison of the BMRR and a hypothetical improved reactor. All components of dose induced by an external epithermal-neutron beam fall off quite rapidly with depth in tissue. Delivery of dose to greater depths is limited by the healthy-tissue tolerance and a reduction in the hydrogen-recoil and incident gamma dose allow for longer irradiation and greater dose at a depth. Dose at depth can also be increased with a beam that has higher neutron energy (without too high a recoil dose) and a more forward peaked angular distribution. Of the existing facilities, the FiR-1 beam has the better quality (lower hydrogen-recoil and incident gamma dose) and a penetrating neutron spectrum and was found to deliver a higher value of Tumor Control Probability (TCP) than other existing beams at shallow depth. The greater forwardness and penetration of the HFR the FiR-1 at greater depths. The hypothetical reactor and accelerator beams outperform at both shallow and greater depths. In all cases, the hypothetical compound provides a significant improvement in efficacy but it is shown that the full benefit of improved compound is not realized until the neutron beam is fully optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Wheeler
- Center for Advanced Radiation Therapies, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho Falls 83415-3890, USA
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19
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Chanana AD, Capala J, Chadha M, Coderre JA, Diaz AZ, Elowitz EH, Iwai J, Joel DD, Liu HB, Ma R, Pendzick N, Peress NS, Shady MS, Slatkin DN, Tyson GW, Wielopolski L. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for Glioblastoma Multiforme: Interim Results from the Phase I/II Dose-Escalation Studies. Neurosurgery 1999. [DOI: 10.1227/00006123-199906000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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20
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Boron neutron capture therapy for glioblastoma multiforme: interim results from the phase I/II dose-escalation studies. Neurosurgery 1999; 44:1182-92; discussion 1192-3. [PMID: 10371617 DOI: 10.1097/00006123-199906000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of these Phase I/II dose-escalation studies is to evaluate the safety of boronophenylalanine (BPA)-fructose-mediated boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). A secondary purpose is to assess the palliation of GBM by BNCT, if possible. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with GBM have been treated. Subtotal or gross total resection of GBM was performed for 38 patients (median age, 56 yr) before BNCT. BPA-fructose (250 or 290 mg BPA/kg body weight) was infused intravenously, in 2 hours, approximately 3 to 5 weeks after surgery. Neutron irradiation was begun between 34 and 82 minutes after the end of the BPA infusion and lasted 38 to 65 minutes. RESULTS: Toxicity related to BPA-fructose was not observed. The maximal radiation dose to normal brain varied from 8.9 to 14.8 Gy-Eq. The volume-weighted average radiation dose to normal brain tissues ranged from 1.9 to 6.0 Gy-Eq. No BNCT-related Grade 3 or 4 toxicity was observed, although milder toxicities were seen. Twenty-five of 37 assessable patients are dead, all as a result of progressive GBM. No radiation-induced damage to normal brain tissue was observed in postmortem examinations of seven brains. The minimal tumor volume doses ranged from 18 to 55 Gy-Eq. The median time to tumor progression and the median survival time from diagnosis (from Kaplan-Meier curves) were 31.6 weeks and 13.0 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: The BNCT procedure used has been safe for all patients treated to date. Our limited clinical evaluation suggests that the palliation offered by a single session of BNCT is comparable to that provided by fractionated photon therapy. Additional studies with further escalation of radiation doses are in progress.
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21
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Some recent trends and progress in the physics and biophysics of neutron capture therapy. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-1970(99)00004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yu W, Yue G, Han X, Chen J, Tian B. Measurements of the neutron yields from 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction (thick target) with incident energies from 1.885 to 2.0 MeV. Med Phys 1998; 25:1222-4. [PMID: 9682210 DOI: 10.1118/1.598299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerator-based neutron source have been considered to be practical for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Based on experience with a parameters of the Brookhaven National Laboratory BMRR reactor neutron source, which has been used in treatment experiments, the future accelerator-based neutron source for BNCT should have the properties of low energy distribution (< 100 keV) and high flux (about 10(9) neutrons per second per square centimeter) in the patient zone. Using protons to bombard thick 7Li targets, generating neutrons via the 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction, is one of the optimal choices for this kind of neutron source. Neutron yield data versus incident energy are necessary in order to select the proper incident energy and for estimating how high the incident proton current should be. The required proton beam current intensity is one of the key parameters for an accelerator useful for BNCT. In the present work, neutron yields of the 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction with a thick lithium target and incident energies of 1.885 and 1.9 MeV were measured at 0 degree with respect to the incident beam direction. The results are (3.08 +/- 0.17) x 10(12) and (5.71 +/- 0.32) x 10(12) neutrons/C sr, respectively. Neutron yield angular distribution measurements at 2 MeV incident energy were also performed. The proton beams were generated by the Peking University 4.5 MV electrostatic accelerator. The emitted neutrons from these reactions have the advantages of low energy distribution and forward angular distribution, which are requirements for a BNCT neutron source. The data obtained in this work can be used as a reference to study the accelerator-based neutron sources for BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Yu
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
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Raaijmakers CP, Bruinvis IA, Nottelman EL, Mijnheer BJ. A fast and accurate treatment planning method for boron neutron capture therapy. Radiother Oncol 1998; 46:321-32. [PMID: 9572626 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(97)00183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this study was to test the applicability of conventional semi-empirical algorithms for the treatment planning of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Beam data of a clinical epithermal BNCT beam obtained in a large cuboid water phantom were introduced into a commercial treatment planning system (TPS). For the calculation of thermal neutron fluence distributions, the Gaussian pencil beam model of the electron beam treatment planning algorithm was used. A simple photon beam algorithm was used for the calculation of the gamma-ray and fast neutron dose distribution. The calculated dose and fluence distributions in the central plane of an anthropomorphic head phantom were compared with measurements for various field sizes. The calculation time was less than 1 min. RESULTS At the normalization point in the head phantom, the absolute dose and fluence values agreed within the measurement uncertainty of approximately 2-3% (1 SD) with those at the same depth in a cuboid phantom of approximately the same size. Excellent agreement of within 2-3% (1 SD) was obtained between measured and calculated relative fluence and dose values on the central beam axis and at most off-axis positions in the head phantom. At positions near the phantom boundaries, generally in low dose regions, local differences of approximately 30% were observed. CONCLUSIONS A fast and accurate treatment planning method has been developed for BNCT. This is the first treatment planning method that may allow the same interactive optimization procedures for BNCT as applied clinically for conventional radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Raaijmakers
- Radiotherapy Department, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Huis, Amsterdam
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Nigg DW, Wheeler FJ, Wessol DE, Capala J, Chadha M. Computational dosimetry and treatment planning for boron neutron capture therapy. J Neurooncol 1997; 33:93-104. [PMID: 9151227 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005777416716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The technology for computational dosimetry and treatment planning for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) has advanced significantly over the past few years. Because of the more complex nature of the problem, the computational methods that work well for treatment planning in photon radiotherapy are not applicable to BNCT. The necessary methods have, however, been developed and have been successfully employed both for research applications as well as human trials, although further improvements in speed are needed for routine clinical applications. Computational geometry for BNCT applications can be constructed directly from tomographic medical imagery and computed radiation dose distributions can be readily displayed in formats that are familiar to the radiotherapy community.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Nigg
- Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho Falls 83415, USA
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25
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Coderre JA, Elowitz EH, Chadha M, Bergland R, Capala J, Joel DD, Liu HB, Slatkin DN, Chanana AD. Boron neutron capture therapy for glioblastoma multiforme using p-boronophenylalanine and epithermal neutrons: trial design and early clinical results. J Neurooncol 1997; 33:141-52. [PMID: 9151231 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005741919442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A Phase I/II clinical trial of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for glioblastoma multiforme is underway using the amino acid analog p-boronophenylalanine (BPA) and the epithermal neutron beam at the Brook-haven Medical Research Reactor. Biodistribution studies were carried out in 18 patients at the time of craniotomy using an i.v. infusion of BPA, solubilized as a fructose complex (BPA-F). There were no toxic effects related to the BPA-F administration at doses of 130, 170, 210, or 250 mg BPA/kg body weight. The tumor/ blood, brain/blood and scalp/blood boron concentration ratios were approximately 3.5:1, 1:1 and 1.5:1, respectively. Ten patients have received BNCT following 2-hr infusions of 250 mg BPA/kg body weight. The average boron concentration in the blood during the irradiation was 13.0 +/- 1.5 micrograms 10B/g. The prescribed maximum dose to normal brain (1 cm3 volume) was 10.5 photon-equivalent Gy (Gy-Eq). Estimated maximum and minimum doses (mean +/- sd, n = 10) to the tumor volume were 52.6 +/- 4.9 Gy-Eq (range: 64.4-47.6) and 25.2 +/- 4.2 Gy-Eq (range: 32.3-20.0), respectively). The estimated minimum dose to the target volume (tumor +2 cm margin) was 12.3 +/- 2.7 Gy-Eq (range: 16.2-7.8). There were no adverse effects on normal brain. The scalp showed mild erythema, followed by epilation in the 8 cm diameter field. Four patients developed recurrent tumor, apparently in the lower dose (deeper) regions of the target volume, at post-BNCT intervals of 7,5,3.5 and 3 months, respectively. The remaining patients have had less than 4 months of post-BNCT follow-up. BNCT, at this starting dose level, appears safe. Plans are underway to begin the dose escalation phase of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Coderre
- Medical Department Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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Raaijmakers CP, Konijnenberg MW, Mijnheer BJ. Clinical dosimetry of an epithermal neutron beam for neutron capture therapy: dose distributions under reference conditions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997; 37:941-51. [PMID: 9128973 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(96)00623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to asses the dose distribution under reference conditions for the various dose components of the Petten clinical epithermal neutron beam for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). METHODS AND MATERIALS Activation foils and a silicon alpha-particle detector with a 6Li converter plate have been used for the determination of the thermal neutron fluence rate. The gamma-ray dose rate and the fast neutron dose rate have been determined using paired ionization chambers. Circular beam apertures of 8, 12 and 15 cm diameters have been investigated using a 15 x 15 x 15 cm3 solid polymethyl-methacrylate phantom, a water phantom of the same dimensions and a 30 x 30 x 30 cm3 water phantom at various phantom to beam-exit distances. RESULTS The effect of phantom to beam-exit distance could be modeled using an inverse square law with a virtual source to beam-exit distance of 3.0 m. At a reference phantom to beam-exit distance of 30 cm, three-dimensional dose and fluence distributions of the various dose components have been determined in the phantoms. The absolute thermal neutron fluence rate at a reference depth of 2 cm in the 15 cm water phantom increased by 43% when the field size was increased from 8 to 15 cm. Simultaneously the gamma-ray dose rate increased by 46% while the fast neutron dose rate increased by only 5%. CONCLUSION A reference treatment position at 30 cm from the beam exit allows convenient patient positioning with a relatively small increase in irradiation time compared to positions very close to the beam-exit. A more homogeneous distribution of thermal neutrons over a target volume, a higher absolute thermal neutron fluence rate and a lower contribution of the fast neutron dose to the total dose will result in improved treatment plans when using a 12 cm or 15 cm field compared to a 8 cm field. The dose distributions will be used as benchmark data for treatment planning systems for BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Raaijmakers
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
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MATSUMOTO T. Design of Neutron Beams for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for TRIGA Reactor. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/18811248.1996.9731881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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