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Chen B, Whatley S, Badminton M, Aarsand AK, Anderson KE, Bissell DM, Bonkovsky HL, Cappellini MD, Floderus Y, Friesema ECH, Gouya L, Harper P, Kauppinen R, Loskove Y, Martásek P, Phillips JD, Puy H, Sandberg S, Schmitt C, To-Figueras J, Weiss Y, Yasuda M, Deybach JC, Desnick RJ. International Porphyria Molecular Diagnostic Collaborative: an evidence-based database of verified pathogenic and benign variants for the porphyrias. Genet Med 2019; 21:2605-2613. [PMID: 31073229 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of precision and genomic medicine, a critical issue is whether a disease gene variant is pathogenic or benign. Such is the case for the three autosomal dominant acute hepatic porphyrias (AHPs), including acute intermittent porphyria, hereditary coproporphyria, and variegate porphyria, each resulting from the half-normal enzymatic activities of hydroxymethylbilane synthase, coproporphyrinogen oxidase, and protoporphyrinogen oxidase, respectively. To date, there is no public database that documents the likely pathogenicity of variants causing the porphyrias, and more specifically, the AHPs with biochemically and clinically verified information. Therefore, an international collaborative with the European Porphyria Network and the National Institutes of Health/National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIH/NCATS/NIDDK)-sponsored Porphyrias Consortium of porphyria diagnostic experts is establishing an online database that will collate biochemical and clinical evidence verifying the pathogenicity of the published and newly identified variants in the AHP-causing genes. The overall goal of the International Porphyria Molecular Diagnostic Collaborative is to determine the pathogenic and benign variants for all eight porphyrias. Here we describe the overall objectives and the initial efforts to validate pathogenic and benign variants in the respective heme biosynthetic genes causing the AHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenden Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sharon Whatley
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael Badminton
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Aasne K Aarsand
- Norwegian Porphyria Centre, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl E Anderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Maria D Cappellini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ylva Floderus
- Porphyria Centre Sweden, Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edith C H Friesema
- Porphyria Center Rotterdam, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent Gouya
- Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Colombes and Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, UMR1149 INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Harper
- Porphyria Centre Sweden, Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raili Kauppinen
- Porphyria Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University Central Hospital of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yonina Loskove
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pavel Martásek
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - John D Phillips
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hervé Puy
- Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Colombes and Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, UMR1149 INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Sverre Sandberg
- Norwegian Porphyria Centre, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,The Norwegian Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (NOKLUS), Haraldsplass Deaconness Hospital, Bergen Medical Faculty, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Caroline Schmitt
- Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Colombes and Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, UMR1149 INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Jordi To-Figueras
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yedidyah Weiss
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Makiko Yasuda
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Charles Deybach
- Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Colombes and Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, UMR1149 INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
| | - Robert J Desnick
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Strünkelnberg M, Bonengel B, Moda LM, Hertenstein A, de Couet HG, Ramos RG, Fischbach KF. rstand its paraloguekirreact redundantly during embryonic muscle development inDrosophila. Development 2001; 128:4229-39. [PMID: 11684659 DOI: 10.1242/dev.128.21.4229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The polynucleate myotubes of vertebrates and invertebrates form by fusion of myoblasts. We report the involvement of the Drosophila melanogaster Roughest (Rst) protein as a new membrane-spanning component in this process. Rst is strongly expressed in mesodermal tissues during embryogenesis, but rst null mutants display only subtle embryonic phenotypes. Evidence is presented that this is due to functional redundancy between Rst and its paralogue Kirre. Both are highly related single-pass transmembrane proteins with five extracellular immunoglobulin domains and three conserved motifs in the intracellular domain. The expression patterns of kirre and rst overlap during embryonic development in muscle founder cells. Simultaneous deletion of both genes causes an almost complete failure of fusion between muscle founder cells and fusion-competent myoblasts. This defect can be rescued by one copy of either gene. Moreover, Rst, like Kirre is a myoblast attractant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Strünkelnberg
- Institut für Biologie III, Schänzlestr.1, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, D-79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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